{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T23:36:28Z","timestamp":1784763388984,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection among infants and young children, resulting in annual epidemics worldwide. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmacological interventions were applied, interfering with the circulation of most respiratory viruses, including RSV. The aim of this study is to analyze the RSV infection trend among hospitalized infants during the actual epidemic season (2022\u20132023) in comparison with the last pre-pandemic season (2018\u20132019), in order to outline whether significant differences emerge due to COVID-19 pandemia. We retrospectively reviewed medical data on infants hospitalized at the Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital with diagnosis of bronchiolitis in the current epidemic season and in the last pre-pandemic season, 2018\u20132019. RSV remains the main etiological agent of bronchiolitis in terms of frequency and severity of infections in the ongoing epidemic season. The first RSV case of the 2022\u20132023 season was detected at week 42 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> week 47 in the 2018\u20132019 season. The length of epidemic season was of 17\u00a0weeks in 2022\u20132023 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 18\u00a0weeks in 2018\u20132019. Comparing the two seasons, age at admission was significantly higher in the current season (median age 2022\u20132023 65\u00a0days <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> median age 2018\u20132019 58\u00a0days), but the disease severity was similar.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: The 2022\u20132023 bronchiolitis season in Italy started earlier than the usual pre-pandemic seasons but seasonality pattern may be going back to the pre-pandemic one. This season was not more severe than the previous ones. The impact of RSV disease on health care systems and costs remains a critical issue.\n<jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 RSV is one of the major leading causes of hospitalization among children aged less than 3\u00a0months. SarsCOV2 pandemic interfered with the seasonal circulation of most respiratory viruses, Including RSV.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 The 2022\u20132023 bronchiolitis season in Italy started and peaked earlier than the usual pre-pandemic seasons but seasonality pattern may be realigning to the pre-pandemic one. The impact of RSV disease on health care systems and costs is concerning.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05201-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T11:02:10Z","timestamp":1695207730000},"page":"5303-5313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Respiratory syncytial virus: can we still believe that after pandemic bronchiolitis is not a critical issue for public health?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"182","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1164-5563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Chiara","family":"Vittucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livia","family":"Antilici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria Caterina","family":"Musolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Cristaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Cutrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Persia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara Velia","family":"Di Maio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Raponi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo Federico","family":"Perno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Villani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5201_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-022-01392-6","volume":"49","author":"S Manti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Manti S, Staiano A, Orfeo L et al (2023) UPDATE - 2022 Italian guidelines on the management of bronchiolitis in infants. 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AV participated at advisory boards sponsored by MSD. All other authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}