{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T19:44:59Z","timestamp":1777578299023,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698019200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05212-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T16:01:53Z","timestamp":1698076913000},"page":"281-288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Bacterial coinfection in young febrile infants with SARS-CoV-2 infection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"Susanna","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Bou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Trenchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Diego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aina","family":"Segu\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carles","family":"Luaces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"5212_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.5501","volume":"173","author":"N Kuppermann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kuppermann N, Dayan PS, Levine DA, Febrile Infant Working Group of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) et al (2019) A clinical prediction rule to identify febrile infants 60 days and younger at low risk for serious bacterial infections. JAMA Pediatr 173:342\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.5501","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"5212_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4869329","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4869329","volume":"26","author":"S Esposito","year":"2018","unstructured":"Esposito S, Rinaldi VE, Argentiero A et al (2018) Approach to neonates and young infants with fever without a source who are at risk for severe bacterial infection. Mediators Inflamm 26:4869329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/4869329","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"5212_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.2174\/1574887112666170816143308","volume":"12","author":"JG Vachani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vachani JG, McNeal-Trice K, Wallace SS (2017) Current evidence on the evaluation and management of fever without a source in infants aged 0\u201390 days: A review. Rev Recent Clin Trials 12:240\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1574887112666170816143308","journal-title":"Rev Recent Clin Trials"},{"key":"5212_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1382","volume":"134","author":"PL Aronson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aronson PL, Thurm C, Alpern ER, Febrile Young Infant Research Collaborative et al (2014) Variation in care of the febrile young infant <90 days in US Pediatric Emergency Departments. Pediatrics 134:667\u2013677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2014-1382","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"5212_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.03.003","volume":"56","author":"AJ Rogers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rogers AJ, Kuppermann N, Anders J, Febrile Infant Working Group of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) et al (2019) Practice variation in the evaluation and disposition of febrile infants \u226460\u00a0days of age. J Emerg Med 56:583\u2013591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.03.003","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"5212_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.6.1728","volume":"113","author":"DA Levine","year":"2004","unstructured":"Levine DA, Platt SL, Dayan PS, Multicenter RSV-SBI Study Group of the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics et al (2004) Risk of serious bacterial infection in young febrile infants with respiratory syncytial virus infections. Pediatrics 113:1728\u20131734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.113.6.1728","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"5212_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181ab603c","volume":"28","author":"S Mintegi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mintegi S, Garcia-Garcia JJ, Benito J, Carrasco-Colom J, Gomez B, Hern\u00e1ndez-Bou S, Astobiza E, Luaces-Cubells C (2009) Rapid influenza test in young febrile infants for the identification of low-risk patients. Pediatr Infect Dis J 28:1026\u20131028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181ab603c","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"5212_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2915","volume":"124","author":"WI Krief","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krief WI, Levine DA, Platt SL, Multicenter RSV-SBI Study Group of the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics et al (2009) Influenza\u00a0virus\u00a0infection\u00a0and the\u00a0risk\u00a0of\u00a0serious\u00a0bacterial\u00a0infections\u00a0in\u00a0young\u00a0febrile\u00a0infants. Pediatrics 124:30\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2008-2915","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"5212_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.07.073","volume":"203","author":"P Mahajan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mahajan P, Browne LR, Levine DA, Febrile Infant Working Group of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) et al (2018) Risk of bacterial coinfections in febrile infants 60 days old and younger with documented viral infections. J Pediatr 203:86-91.e2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.07.073","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"5212_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20172384","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-2384","volume":"141","author":"AJ Blaschke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Blaschke AJ, Korgenski EK, Wilkes J et al (2018) Rhinovirus\u00a0in\u00a0febrile\u00a0infants\u00a0and\u00a0risk\u00a0of\u00a0bacterial\u00a0infection. Pediatrics 141:e20172384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2017-2384","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"5212_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002165","volume":"38","author":"EG Nicholson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nicholson EG, Avadhanula V, Ferlic-Stark L, Patel K, Gincoo KE, Piedra PA (2019) The risk of serious bacterial infection in febrile infants 0\u201390 days of life with a respiratory viral infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 38:355\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/INF.0000000000002165","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"5212_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.069","volume":"50","author":"BW Greenfield","year":"2021","unstructured":"Greenfield BW, Lowery BM, Starke HE, Mayorquin L, Stanford C, Camp EA, Cruz AT (2021) Frequency of serious bacterial infections in young infants with and without viral respiratory infections. Am J Emerg Med 50:744\u2013747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.069","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"5212_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3041","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04042-x","volume":"180","author":"V Spoulou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spoulou V, Noni M, Koukou D, Kossyvakis A, Michos A (2021) Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in neonates and young infants. Eur J Pediatr 180:3041\u20133045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04042-x","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"5212_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.008","volume":"228","author":"EG Mark","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mark EG, Golden WC, Gilmore MM, Sick-Samuels A, Curless MS, Nogee LM, Milstone AM, Johnson J (2021) Community-onset severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection in young infants: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr 228:94-100.e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.008","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"5212_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anpedi.2020.10.019","volume":"96","author":"M Velasco Rodr\u00edguez-Belv\u00eds","year":"2020","unstructured":"Velasco Rodr\u00edguez-Belv\u00eds M, Medina Ben\u00edtez E, Garc\u00eda Tirado D, Herrero \u00c1lvarez M, Gonz\u00e1lez Jim\u00e9nez D (2020) SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants aged 28 days and younger. A multicentre case series An Pediatr (Engl Ed) 96:149\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anpedi.2020.10.019","journal-title":"A multicentre case series An Pediatr (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"5212_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.10.002","volume":"229","author":"J Leibowitz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leibowitz J, Krief W, Barone S, Williamson KA, Goenka PK, Rai S, Moriarty S, Baodhankar P, Rubin LG (2021) Comparison of clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of young febrile infants with and without severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. J Pediatr 229:41-47.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.10.002","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"5212_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e372","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002858","volume":"39","author":"SH McLaren","year":"2020","unstructured":"McLaren SH, Dayan PS, Zachariah P, McCann TA, Lubell TR (2020) Presence and duration of symptoms in febrile infants with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 39:e372\u2013e374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/INF.0000000000002858","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"5212_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa452","volume":"71","author":"M Paret","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paret M, Lighter J, Pellett Madan R, Raabe VN, Shust GF, Ratner AJ (2020) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in febrile infants without respiratory distress. Clin Infect Dis 71:2243\u20132245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa452","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"5212_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20201550","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-1550","volume":"146","author":"SH McLaren","year":"2020","unstructured":"McLaren SH, Dayan PS, Fenster DB, Ochs JB, Vindas MT, Bugaighis MN, Gonzalez AE, Lubell TR (2020) Novel coronavirus infection in febrile infants aged 60 days and younger. Pediatrics 146:e20201550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2020-1550","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"5212_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-03973-9","volume":"180","author":"D Bl\u00e1zquez-Gamero","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bl\u00e1zquez-Gamero D, Epalza C, Cadenas JAA et al (2021) Fever without source as the first manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants less than 90 days old. Eur J Pediatr 180:2099\u20132106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-021-03973-9","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"5212_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000002380","volume":"37","author":"A Payson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Payson A, Etinger V, Napky P, Montarroyos S, Ruiz-Castaneda A, Mestre M (2021) Risk of serious bacterial infections in young febrile infants with COVID-19. Pediatr Emerg Care 37:232\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PEC.0000000000002380","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"5212_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2022.6.54863","volume":"23","author":"D Guernsey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guernsey D, Pfeffer M, Kimpo J, Vazquez H, Zerzan J (2022) COVID-19 and serious bacterial infection in febrile infants less than 60 days old. West J Emerg Med 23:754\u2013759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5811\/westjem.2022.6.54863","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"5212_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2020044685","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-044685","volume":"148","author":"M Paret","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paret M, Lalani K, Hedari C et al (2021) SARS-CoV-2 among infants <90 days of age admitted for serious bacterial infection evaluation. Pediatrics 148:e2020044685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2020-044685","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"5212_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fmac046","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmac046","volume":"68","author":"A G\u00fcng\u00f6r","year":"2022","unstructured":"G\u00fcng\u00f6r A, Bodur \u0130, G\u00f6ktu\u011f A, G\u00fcneylio\u011flu MM, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk B, Yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f RM, Yal\u00e7\u0131nkaya R, Karacan CD, Tuygun N (2022) COVID-19 infection in well-appearing 30- to 90-day-old infants with fever without a source. J Trop Pediatr 68:fmac046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/tropej\/fmac046","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"5212_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e3181d6db37","volume":"26","author":"RA Dieckmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dieckmann RA, Brownstein D, Gausche-Hill M (2010) The pediatric assessment triangle: a novel approach for the rapid evaluation of children. Pediatr Emerg Care 26:312\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PEC.0b013e3181d6db37","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"5212_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2790","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15993","volume":"110","author":"H Yarden Bilavski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yarden Bilavski H, Balanson S, Damouni Shalabi R, Dabaja-Younis H, Grisaru-Soen G, Youngster I et al (2021) Benign course and clinical features of COVID-19 in hospitalised febrile infants up to 60 days old. Acta Paediatr 110:2790\u20132795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.15993","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"5212_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2116919","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.16919","volume":"4","author":"B Burstein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burstein B, Anderson G, Yannopoulos A (2021) Prevalence of serious bacterial infections among febrile infants 90 days or younger in a Canadian urban pediatric emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Netw Open 4:e2116919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.16919","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"5212_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2313354","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.13354","volume":"6","author":"PL Aronson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aronson PL, Louie JP, Kerns E, Jennings B, Magee S, Wang ME, Gupta N, Kovaleski C, McDaniel LM, McDaniel CE, AAP REVISE II QI Collaborative (2023) Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection, Bacteremia, and Meningitis Among Febrile Infants Aged 8 to 60 Days With SARS-CoV-2. JAMA Netw Open 6:e2313354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.13354","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"5212_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000002601","volume":"38","author":"S Mittal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mittal S, Muthusami S, Marlowe L, Knerr S, Prasto J, Cooke TA, Bochenski J, Horst MA (2022) Neonatal fever in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Odds of a Serious Bacterial Infection. Pediatr Emerg Care 38:43\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PEC.0000000000002601","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05212-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05212-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05212-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T05:13:51Z","timestamp":1707455631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05212-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["5212"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05212-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 June 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Sant Joan de D\u00e9u Research Foundation Ethics Committee (PIC-110-22) approved this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Since the data were extracted from a registry, the information contained in it was anonymous, and since no interventions were performed on patients, informed consent was not required or requested.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}]}}