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The study design is a systematic scoping review. Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched in February, 2023. All abstracts and full texts were screened by two independent reviewers. Randomized controlled trials focusing on HFNC use in pediatric patients (age\u2009&lt;\u200918\u00a0years) were included. Studies focusing on acute bronchiolitis and neonatal respiratory conditions were excluded. Study quality was assessed by Cochrane risk of bias 2.0 tool. The main outcomes are patient groups and indications, key outcomes, and risk of bias. After screening 1276 abstracts, we included 22 full reports. Risk of bias was low in 11 and high in 5 studies. We identified three patient groups where HFNC has been studied: first, children requiring primary respiratory support for acute respiratory failure; second, perioperative use for either intraprocedural oxygenation or postoperative respiratory support; and third, post-extubation care in pediatric intensive care for other than postoperative patients. Clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed as key outcomes. None of the studies analyzed cost-effectiveness.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: This systematic scoping review provides an overview of current evidence for HFNC use in pediatric patients. Future studies should aim for better quality and include economic evaluation with cost-effectiveness analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Protocol registration<\/jats:italic>: Protocol has been published <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/a3y46\/\">https:\/\/osf.io\/a3y46\/<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 High flow nasal cannula has been effective in acute bronchiolitis and neonatal respiratory care.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 The use of HFNC on other conditions is also common and increasing, but the evidence supporting this has not been previously summarized.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 We found that HFNC has been studies in relatively few studies in children for other indication than bronchiolitis.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 We indetified three main patient populations for which HFNC has been studied: perioperative patients, postintubation patients in intensive care units, and as primary support in acute respiratory failures. None of the studies have estimated possible cost-effectiveness of HFNC, compared to alternative strategies.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05234-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T10:02:50Z","timestamp":1699956170000},"page":"863-874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["High-flow nasal cannula use in pediatric patients for other indications than acute bronchiolitis\u2014a scoping review of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"Ilari","family":"Kuitunen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heli","family":"Salmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elina","family":"W\u00e4rnhjelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saija","family":"N\u00e4se-St\u00e5hlhammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panu","family":"Kiviranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"5234_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-315846","volume":"104","author":"J Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin J, Zhang Y, Xiong L, Liu S, Gong C, Dai J (2019) High-flow nasal cannula therapy for children with bronchiolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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