{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:15:21Z","timestamp":1791911721427,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697155200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009043","name":"University of Patras","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009043","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We aimed\u00a0to assess the determinants of diaphragmatic function in term and preterm infants. 149 infants (56 term; 93 preterm, of whom 14 were diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia\u2014BPD) were studied before discharge. Diaphragmatic function was assessed by measurement of the maximum transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdimax)\u2014a measure of diaphragmatic strength, and the pressure\u2013time index of the diaphragm (PTIdi)\u2014a measure of the load-to-capacity ratio of the diaphragm. The Pdimax was higher in term than preterm infants without BPD (90.1\u2009\u00b1\u200916.3 vs 81.1\u2009\u00b1\u200911.8 cmH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O; P\u2009=\u20090.001). Term-born infants also had lower PTIdi compared to preterms without BPD (0.052\u2009\u00b1\u20090.014 vs 0.060\u2009\u00b1\u20090.017; P\u2009=\u20090.006). In term and preterm infants without BPD, GA was the most significant predictor of Pdimax and PTIdi, independently of the duration of mechanical ventilation and oxygen support. In infants with GA\u2009&lt;\u200932\u00a0weeks (n\u2009=\u200930), the Pdimax was higher in infants without BPD compared to those with BPD (76.1\u2009\u00b1\u200911.1 vs 65.2\u2009\u00b1\u200911.9 cmH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O; P\u2009=\u20090.015). Preterms without BPD also had lower PTIdi compared to those with BPD (0.069\u2009\u00b1\u20090.016 vs 0.109\u2009\u00b1\u20090.017; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In this subgroup, GA was the only significant independent determinant of Pdimax, while BPD and the GA were significant determinants of the PTIdi.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>\u00a0 Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Preterm infants present lower diaphragmatic strength and impaired ability to sustain the generated force over time, which renders them prone to diaphragmatic fatigue. In very preterm infants, BPD may further aggravate diaphragmatic function.\n                    <jats:table-wrap>\n                      <jats:table>\n                        <jats:tbody>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 The diaphragm of preterm infants has limited capacity to undertake the work of breathing effectively.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 The maximum transdiaphragmatic pressure (a measure of diaphragmatic strength) and the pressure\u2013time index of the diaphragm (a measure of the load-to-capacity ratio of the muscle) have not been extensively assessed in small infants.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Preterm infants have lower diaphragmatic strength and impaired ability to sustain the generated force over time, which renders them prone to diaphragmatic fatigue.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 In very preterm infants, bronchopulmonary dysplasia may further impair diaphragmatic function.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                        <\/jats:tbody>\n                      <\/jats:table>\n                    <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05247-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T08:02:35Z","timestamp":1697184155000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Diaphragmatic muscle function in term and preterm infants"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Sotirios","family":"Fouzas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aggeliki","family":"Vervenioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asimina","family":"Tsintoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Dassios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ageliki A.","family":"Karatza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Dimitriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"5247_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.88.2_supplement.124s","volume":"88","author":"C Roussos","year":"1985","unstructured":"Roussos C (1985) Function and fatigue of respiratory muscles. 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