{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:12:30Z","timestamp":1792613550532,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05269-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T07:03:31Z","timestamp":1701414211000},"page":"835-842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Revising the value of Antistreptolysin O titre in childhood and its interpretation in the diagnostic approach of rheumatic diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"Antonino Maria Quintilio","family":"Alberio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ylenia","family":"Biagini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Di Gangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Pagnini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Simonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Peroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Consolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"5269_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200205000-00014","volume":"21","author":"A Shet","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shet A, Kaplan EL (2002) Clinical use and interpretation of group A streptococcal antibody tests: a practical approach for the pediatrician or primary care physician. Pediatr Infect Dis J 21:420\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006454-200205000-00014","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"5269_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X","volume":"5","author":"JR Carapetis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M (2005) The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. Lancet Infect Dis 5:685\u2013694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"5269_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alberio AMQ, Pieroni F, Di Gangi A et al (2021) Toward the knowledge of the epidemiological impact of acute rheumatic fever in Italy. Front Pediatr 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2021.746505","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.746505"},{"key":"5269_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.02.024","volume":"198","author":"F Licciardi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Licciardi F, Scaioli G, Mulatero R et al (2018) Epidemiologic impact of the new guidelines for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever. J Pediatr 198:25-28.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.02.024","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"5269_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.10.009","volume":"160","author":"L Breda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Breda L, Marzetti V, Gaspari S et al (2012) Population-based study of incidence and clinical characteristics of rheumatic fever in Abruzzo, Central Italy, 2000\u20132009. J Pediatr 160:832-836.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.10.009","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"5269_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000205","volume":"131","author":"MH Gewitz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gewitz MH, Baltimore RS, Tani LY et al (2015) Revision of the Jones criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever in the era of Doppler echocardiography. Circulation 131:1806\u20131818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000205","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"5269_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1086\/650167","volume":"50","author":"DR Johnson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Johnson DR, Kurlan R, Leckman J, Kaplan EL (2010) The human immune response to streptococcal extracellular antigens: clinical, diagnostic, and potential pathogenetic implications. Clin Infect Dis 50:481\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/650167","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"5269_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106358","volume":"49","author":"EL Kaplan","year":"1970","unstructured":"Kaplan EL, Anthony BF, Chapman SS et al (1970) The influence of the site of infection on the immune response to group A streptococci. J Clin Invest 49:1405\u20131414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI106358","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"5269_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(74)80548-2","volume":"84","author":"EL Kaplan","year":"1974","unstructured":"Kaplan EL, Ferrieri P, Wannamaker LW (1974) Comparison of the antibody response to streptococcal cellular and extracellular antigens in acute pharyngitis. J Pediatr 84:21\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-3476(74)80548-2","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"5269_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.1.86","volume":"101","author":"EL Kaplan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kaplan EL, Rothermel CD, Johnson DR (1998) Antistreptolysin O and anti-deoxyribonuclease B titers: normal values for children ages 2 to 12 in the United States. Pediatrics 101:86\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.101.1.86","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"5269_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2012.7","volume":"9","author":"B Rem\u00e9nyi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rem\u00e9nyi B, Wilson N, Steer A et al (2012) World Heart Federation criteria for echocardiographic diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease\u2014an evidence-based guideline. Nat Rev Cardiol 9:297\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrcardio.2012.7","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"5269_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2012.04.028","volume":"34","author":"E Chiappini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chiappini E, Principi N, Mansi N et al (2012) Management of acute pharyngitis in children: summary of the Italian National Institute of Health Guidelines. Clin Ther 34:1442-1458.e2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2012.04.028","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"5269_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00291-08","volume":"16","author":"AC Steer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Steer AC, Vidmar S, Ritika R et al (2009) Normal ranges of streptococcal antibody titers are similar whether streptococci are endemic to the setting or not. Clin Vaccine Immunol 16:172\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CVI.00291-08","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"5269_CR14","first-page":"70","volume":"27","author":"R Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar R, Sharma YP, Thakur JS et al (2014) Streptococcal pharyngitis, rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: eight-year prospective surveillance in Rupnagar district of Punjab, India. Natl Med J India 27:70\u201375","journal-title":"Natl Med J India"},{"key":"5269_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001477","volume":"128","author":"JG Lawrence","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lawrence JG, Carapetis JR, Griffiths K et al (2013) Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: incidence and progression in the Northern territory of Australia, 1997 to 2010. Circulation 128:492\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001477","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"5269_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01841.x","volume":"46","author":"MG Parnaby","year":"2010","unstructured":"Parnaby MG, Carapetis JR (2010) Rheumatic fever in Indigenous Australian children. J Paediatr Child Health 46:527\u2013533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01841.x","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"5269_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1053\/berh.2002.0255","volume":"16","author":"MOE Hil\u00e1rio","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hil\u00e1rio MOE, Terreri MTSLRA (2002) Rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 16:481\u2013494","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"5269_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.4103\/apc.APC_60_18","volume":"12","author":"N Saini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saini N, Kumar D, Swarnim S et al (2019) Comparison of antistreptolysin O and anti-deoxyribonucleic B titers in healthy children to those with acute pharyngitis, acute rheumatic fever, and rheumatic heart disease aged 5\u201315 years. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 12:195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/apc.APC_60_18","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"5269_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.10.5.886-890.2003","volume":"10","author":"EM Ayoub","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ayoub EM, Nelson B, Shulman ST et al (2003) Group A streptococcal antibodies in subjects with or without rheumatic fever in areas with high or low incidences of rheumatic fever. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 10:886\u2013890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CDLI.10.5.886-890.2003","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"5269_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.06.020305","volume":"6","author":"G Rossi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rossi G, Lee VSW (2016) Assessing the burden of rheumatic heart disease among refugee children: a call to action. J Glob Health 6:020305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.06.020305","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"5269_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183606","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1183606","volume":"10","author":"Y Liang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liang Y, Yu D, Lu Q et al (2023) The rise and fall of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: a mini review. Front Cardiovasc Med 10:1183606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1183606","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"5269_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/pr.2012.e8","volume":"4","author":"AA Kotby","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kotby AA, Habeeb NM, Ezz El Arab S (2012) Antistreptolysin O titer in health and disease: levels and significance. Pediatr Rep 4:e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/pr.2012.e8","journal-title":"Pediatr Rep"},{"key":"5269_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2005.00726.x","volume":"41","author":"M Danchin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Danchin M, Carlin J, Devenish W et al (2005) New normal ranges of antistreptolysin O and antideoxyribonuclease B titres for Australian children. J Paediatr Child Health 41:583\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2005.00726.x","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"5269_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-318859","volume":"105","author":"E Okello","year":"2020","unstructured":"Okello E, Murali M, Rwebembera J et al (2020) Cross-sectional study of population-specific streptococcal antibody titres in Uganda. Arch Dis Child 105:825\u2013829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2020-318859","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"5269_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1996.tb02906.x","volume":"26","author":"KB Urdahl","year":"1996","unstructured":"Urdahl KB, Mathews JD, Currie B (1996) Anti-streptokinase antibodies and streptokinase resistance in an Aboriginal population in northern Australia. Aust N Z J Med 26:49\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1996.tb02906.x","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Med"},{"key":"5269_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073851","volume":"8","author":"RJ Towers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Towers RJ, Carapetis JR, Currie BJ et al (2013) Extensive diversity of streptococcus pyogenes in a remote human population reflects global-scale transmission rather than localised diversification. PLoS ONE 8:e73851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0073851","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5269_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2017.1358612","volume":"15","author":"ME Zacharioudaki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zacharioudaki ME, Galanakis E (2017) Management of children with persistent group A streptococcal carriage. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 15:787\u2013795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14787210.2017.1358612","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"5269_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e557","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2648","volume":"126","author":"N Shaikh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shaikh N, Leonard E, Martin JM (2010) Prevalence of streptococcal pharyngitis and streptococcal carriage in children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 126:e557\u2013e564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2009-2648","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"5269_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-021-00569-3","volume":"19","author":"GZ Fan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fan GZ, Li RX, Jiang Q et al (2021) Streptococcal infection in childhood Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura: a 5-year retrospective study from a single tertiary medical center in China, 2015\u20132019. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 19:79. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12969-021-00569-3","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"5269_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2005.00557.x","volume":"41","author":"S Roodpeyma","year":"2005","unstructured":"Roodpeyma S, Kamali Z, Zare R (2005) Rheumatic fever: the relationship between clinical manifestations and laboratory tests. J Paediatr Child Health 41:97\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2005.00557.x","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"5269_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1128\/am.21.6.999-1001.1971","volume":"21","author":"GC Klein","year":"1971","unstructured":"Klein GC, Baker CN, Jones WL (1971) \u201cUpper limits of normal\u201d antistreptolysin O and antideoxyribonuclease B titers. Appl Microbiol 21:999\u20131001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/am.21.6.999-1001.1971","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"5269_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.144.3.754","volume":"144","author":"EL Kaplan","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kaplan EL, Wannamaker LW (1976) Suppression of the antistreptolysin O response by cholesterol and by lipid extracts of rabbit skin. J Exp Med 144:754\u2013767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.144.3.754","journal-title":"J Exp Med"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05269-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05269-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05269-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T12:13:48Z","timestamp":1709554428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05269-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["5269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05269-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Data relevant to the study were analysed and reported anonymously. This is an observational and retrospective chart review study design; thus, the ethical research committee approval was waived. The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all subjects included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}