{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:21:14Z","timestamp":1792783274669,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"PhD School of Health, Aarhus University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01aj84f44","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007403","name":"Dagmar Marshalls Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007403","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Royal Danish Library, Aarhus University Library","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01aj84f44","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Improved prediction of physical child abuse could aid in developing preventive measures. Parental physical disease has been tested previously as a predictor of documented physical child abuse but in broad categories and with differing results. No prior studies have tested clinically recognizable categories of parental disease in a high-powered dataset. Using Danish registries, data on children and their parents from the years 1997\u20132018 were used to explore several parental physical disease categories\u2019 associations with documented physical child abuse. For each disease category, survival analysis using pseudovalues was applied. When a parent of a child was diagnosed or received medication that qualified for a category, this family and five comparison families not in this disease category were included, creating separate cohorts for each category of disease. Multiple analyses used samples drawn from 2,705,770 children. Estimates were produced for 32 categories of physical diseases. Using Bonferroni-corrected confidence intervals (CIc), ischemic heart disease showed a relative risk (RR) of 1.44 (CIc 1.13\u20131.84); peripheral artery occlusive disease, RR 1.39 (CIc 1.01\u20131.90); stroke, RR 1.19 (1.01\u20131.41); chronic pulmonary disease, RR 1.33 (CIc 1.18\u20131.51); ulcer\/chronic gastritis, RR 1.27 (CIc 1.08\u20131.49); painful condition, 1.17 (CIc 1.00\u20131.37); epilepsy, RR 1.24 (CIc 1.00\u20131.52); and unspecific somatic symptoms, RR 1.37 (CIc 1.21\u20131.55). Unspecific somatic symptoms were present in 71.87% of families at some point during the study period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Most parental physical disease categories did not show statistically significant associations, but some showed predictive ability. Further research is needed to explore preventive potential.\n                    <jats:table-wrap>\n                      <jats:table>\n                        <jats:tbody>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Few and broad categories of parental physical disease have been examined as risk factors for severe physical child abuse; no prior study has used several categories as predictors.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Unspecific symptoms, ischemic heart disease, peripheral artery occlusive disease, stroke, chronic pulmonary disease, stomach ulcer\/chronic gastritis, painful condition, and epilepsy all showed to be potential predictors, with unspecific symptoms being the most prevalent.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                        <\/jats:tbody>\n                      <\/jats:table>\n                    <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05317-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T02:02:15Z","timestamp":1699840935000},"page":"663-675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploratory assessment of parental physical disease categories as predictors of documented physical child abuse"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"183","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3854-257X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Troels","family":"Gr\u00e6sholt-Knudsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7426-0353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte Ulrikka","family":"Rask","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3409-2033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0287-3687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bodil Hammer","family":"Bech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"5317_CR1","volume-title":"European status report on preventing child maltreatment","author":"D Sethi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sethi D, Yon Y, Parekh N et al (2018) European status report on preventing child maltreatment. World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe"},{"key":"5317_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.114.3.413","volume":"114","author":"J Belsky","year":"1993","unstructured":"Belsky J (1993) Etiology of child maltreatment: a developmental-ecological analysis. Psychol Bull 114:413\u2013434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.114.3.413","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"5317_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1177\/1044389458039002-318","volume":"39","author":"R Hill","year":"1958","unstructured":"Hill R (1958) 1. Generic features of families under stress. Soc Casework 39:139\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1044389458039002-318","journal-title":"Soc Casework"},{"key":"5317_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.1994.00287.x","volume":"33","author":"JM Patterson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Patterson JM, Garwick AW (1994) Levels of meaning in family stress theory. Fam Process 33:287\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1545-5300.1994.00287.x","journal-title":"Fam Process"},{"key":"5317_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv324","volume":"184","author":"A Prior","year":"2016","unstructured":"Prior A, Fenger-Gr\u00f8n M, Larsen KK et al (2016) The association between perceived stress and mortality among people with multimorbidity: a prospective population-based cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 184:199\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwv324","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"5317_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.19.3.404","volume":"19","author":"S Pedersen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pedersen S, Revenson TA (2005) Parental illness, family functioning, and adolescent well-being: a family ecology framework to guide research. J Fam Psychol 19:404\u2013419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0893-3200.19.3.404","journal-title":"J Fam Psychol"},{"key":"5317_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13m08372","volume":"75","author":"H Lysell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lysell H, Runeson B, Lichtenstein P, L\u00e5ngstr\u00f6m N (2014) Risk factors for filicide and homicide: 36-year national matched cohort study. J Clin Psychiatry 75:127\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.13m08372","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"5317_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laursen TM, Munk-Olsen T, Mortensen PB et al (2011) Filicide in offspring of parents with severe psychiatric disorders: a population-based cohort study of child homicide. J Clin Psychiatry 72:698\u2013703","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05508gre"},{"key":"5317_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5360","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518805100","volume":"36","author":"C-C Chang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chang C-C, Hsieh M-H, Chiou J-Y et al (2021) Multiple factors associated with child abuse perpetration: a nationwide population-based retrospective study. J Interpers Violence 36:5360\u20135382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260518805100","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"5317_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(98)00087-8","volume":"22","author":"J Brown","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brown J, Cohen P, Johnson JG, Salzinger S (1998) A longitudinal analysis of risk factors for child maltreatment: findings of a 17-year prospective study of officially recorded and self-reported child abuse and neglect. Child Abuse Negl 22:1065\u20131078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0145-2134(98)00087-8","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"5317_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1792-4","volume":"15","author":"F Meinck","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meinck F, Cluver LD, Boyes ME (2015) Household illness, poverty and physical and emotional child abuse victimisation: findings from South Africa\u2019s first prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 15:444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-015-1792-4","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"5317_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gr\u00e6sholt-Knudsen T, Rask CU, Lucas S et al (2023) Parental physical disease severity and severe documented physical child abuse. Eur J Pediatr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05291-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05291-8"},{"key":"5317_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60318-6","volume":"10","author":"MW Petersen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Petersen MW, Schr\u00f6der A, J\u00f8rgensen T et al (2020) Irritable bowel, chronic widespread pain, chronic fatigue and related syndromes are prevalent and highly overlapping in the general population: DanFunD. Sci Rep 10:3273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-60318-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5317_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0279","author":"H Haller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haller H, Cramer H, Lauche R, Dobos G (2015) Somatoform disorders and medically unexplained symptoms in primary care. Dtsch Arztebl Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2015.0279","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"5317_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-1505-4","volume":"18","author":"C Burton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Burton C, Fink P, Henningsen P et al (2020) Functional somatic disorders: discussion paper for a new common classification for research and clinical use. BMC Med 18:34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-020-1505-4","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"5317_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111214","volume":"9","author":"S Fischer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fischer S, Lemmer G, Gollwitzer M, Nater UM (2014) Stress and resilience in functional somatic syndromes \u2013 a structural equation modeling approach. PLoS ONE 9:e111214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0111214","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5317_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17132","volume":"56","author":"VC Goodoory","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goodoory VC, Ng CE, Black CJ, Ford AC (2022) Impact of Rome IV irritable bowel syndrome on work and activities of daily living. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 56:844\u2013856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.17132","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"5317_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.10.001","volume":"115","author":"G V\u011bchetov\u00e1","year":"2018","unstructured":"V\u011bchetov\u00e1 G, Slov\u00e1k M, Kemlink D et al (2018) The impact of non-motor symptoms on the health-related quality of life in patients with functional movement disorders. J Psychosom Res 115:32\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.10.001","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"5317_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2017.11.005","volume":"104","author":"MW Petersen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Petersen MW, Skovenborg EL, Rask CU et al (2018) Physical comorbidity in patients with multiple functional somatic syndromes. A register-based case-control study. J Psychosom Res 104:22\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2017.11.005","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"5317_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.09.006","volume":"36","author":"EL Skovenborg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Skovenborg EL, Schr\u00f6der A (2014) Is physical disease missed in patients with medically unexplained symptoms? A long-term follow-up of 120 patients diagnosed with bodily distress syndrome. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 36:38\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.09.006","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"5317_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811399957","volume":"39","author":"L T\u00f8lb\u00f8ll Blenstrup","year":"2011","unstructured":"T\u00f8lb\u00f8ll Blenstrup L, Knudsen LB (2011) Danish registers on aspects of reproduction. Scand J Public Health 39:79\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1403494811399957","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"5317_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-018-0356-1","volume":"33","author":"M Bliddal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bliddal M, Broe A, Potteg\u00e5rd A et al (2018) The Danish Medical Birth Register. Eur J Epidemiol 33:27\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-018-0356-1","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"5317_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811405098","volume":"39","author":"M Baadsgaard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baadsgaard M, Quitzau J (2011) Danish registers on personal income and transfer payments. Scand J Public Health 39:103\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1403494811405098","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"5317_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.habitatint.2011.03.004","volume":"35","author":"C-k Cheung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cheung C-k, Leung K-k (2011) Neighborhood homogeneity and cohesion in sustainable community development. Habitat Int 35:564\u2013572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.habitatint.2011.03.004","journal-title":"Habitat Int"},{"key":"5317_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pedersen CB, Antonsen S, Timmermann A et al (2022) Urban-rural differences in schizophrenia risk: multilevel survival analyses of individual- and neighborhood-level indicators, urbanicity and population density in a Danish National Cohort Study. Schizophr Bull Open 3:sgab056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schizbullopen\/sgab056","DOI":"10.1093\/schizbullopen\/sgab056"},{"key":"5317_CR26","unstructured":"Statistics Denmark. SDG Indikator: 1.2.1 - Fattigdomsindikatorer. https:\/\/www.dst.dk\/da\/Statistik\/Sdg\/01-afskaf-fattigdom\/delmaal-02\/indikator-1. Accessed 11 Apr 2020"},{"key":"5317_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031914-122559","volume":"36","author":"S Greenland","year":"2015","unstructured":"Greenland S, Pearce N (2015) Statistical foundations for model-based adjustments. Annu Rev Public Health 36:89\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031914-122559","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"5317_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.5.621","volume":"290","author":"HT Keenan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Keenan HT (2003) A population-based study of inflicted traumatic brain injury in young children. JAMA 290:621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.290.5.621","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5317_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2003.03.002","volume":"28","author":"BD Gessner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gessner BD, Moore M, Hamilton B, Muth PT (2004) The incidence of infant physical abuse in Alaska. Child Abuse Negl 28:9\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2003.03.002","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"5317_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.2307\/352109","volume":"50","author":"SJ Zuravin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Zuravin SJ (1988) Fertility patterns: their relationship to child physical abuse and child neglect. J Marriage Fam 50:983\u2013993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/352109","journal-title":"J Marriage Fam"},{"key":"5317_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.11.005","volume":"29","author":"K Helweg-Larsen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Helweg-Larsen K, Larsen HB (2005) A critical review of available data on sexual abuse of children in Denmark. Child Abuse Negl 29:715\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.11.005","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"5317_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1259917","volume":"347","author":"CS Widom","year":"2015","unstructured":"Widom CS, Czaja SJ, DuMont KA (2015) Intergenerational transmission of child abuse and neglect: real or detection bias? Science 347:1480\u20131485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1259917","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5317_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810387965","volume":"39","author":"CB Pedersen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pedersen CB (2011) The Danish Civil Registration System. Scand J Public Health 39:22\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1403494810387965","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"5317_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810396561","volume":"39","author":"M Norredam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Norredam M, Kastrup M, Helweg-Larsen K (2011) Register-based studies on migration, ethnicity, and health. Scand J Public Health 39:201\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1403494810396561","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"5317_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559508318399","volume":"14","author":"JP Mersky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mersky JP, Berger LM, Reynolds AJ, Gromoske AN (2009) Risk factors for child and adolescent maltreatment: a longitudinal investigation of a cohort of inner-city youth. Child Maltreat 14:73\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077559508318399","journal-title":"Child Maltreat"},{"key":"5317_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.5.968","volume":"103","author":"RA Brenner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brenner RA, Overpeck MD, DrPh, et al (1999) Deaths attributable to injuries in infants, United States, 1983\u20131991. Pediatrics 103:968\u2013974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.103.5.968","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"5317_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559515598000","volume":"20","author":"B Freisthler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Freisthler B, Maguire-Jack K (2015) Understanding the interplay between neighborhood structural factors, social processes, and alcohol outlets on child physical abuse. Child Maltreat 20:268\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077559515598000","journal-title":"Child Maltreat"},{"issue":"5","key":"5317_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e687","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0296","volume":"116","author":"PG Schnitzer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schnitzer PG, Ewigman BG (2005) Child deaths resulting from inflicted injuries: household risk factors and perpetrator characteristics. Pediatrics 116(5):e687\u2013e693","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"5317_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810394715","volume":"39","author":"VM Jensen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jensen VM, Rasmussen AW (2011) Danish education registers. Scand J Public Health 39:91\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1403494810394715","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"5317_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1086\/339609","volume":"20","author":"C Paxson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Paxson C, Waldfogel J (2002) Work, welfare, and child maltreatment. J Labor Econ 20:435\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/339609","journal-title":"J Labor Econ"},{"key":"5317_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(01)00244-7","volume":"25","author":"WM McGuigan","year":"2001","unstructured":"McGuigan WM, Pratt CC (2001) The predictive impact of domestic violence on three types of child maltreatment. Child Abuse Negl 25:869\u2013883. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0145-2134(01)00244-7","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"5317_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gr\u00e6sholt-Knudsen T, Obel C, Rask C, Lucas S (2021) Is parental illness a risk indicator of future physical child abuse? https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/FH2SR","DOI":"10.17605\/OSF.IO\/FH2SR"},{"key":"5317_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-015-0057-9","volume":"11","author":"L Jobe-Shields","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jobe-Shields L, Moreland AD, Hanson RF et al (2018) Co-occurrence of witnessed parental violence and child physical abuse from a national sample of adolescents. J Child Adolesc Trauma 11:129\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40653-015-0057-9","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Trauma"},{"key":"5317_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(95)00144-1","volume":"20","author":"M Chaffin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chaffin M, Kelleher K, Hollenberg J (1996) Onset of physical abuse and neglect: psychiatric, substance abuse, and social risk factors from prospective community data. Child Abuse Negl 20:191\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0145-2134(95)00144-1","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"5317_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.12.002","volume":"64","author":"JC Doidge","year":"2017","unstructured":"Doidge JC, Higgins DJ, Delfabbro P, Segal L (2017) Risk factors for child maltreatment in an Australian population-based birth cohort. Child Abuse Negl 64:47\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.12.002","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"5317_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1993.02160360066021","volume":"147","author":"DR Wasserman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wasserman DR, Leventhal JM (1993) Maltreatment of children born to cocaine-dependent mothers. Am J Dis Child 147:1324\u20131328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpedi.1993.02160360066021","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"5317_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahacic K, Kennison RF, K\u00e5reholt I (2014) Alcohol abstinence, non-hazardous use and hazardous use a decade after alcohol-related hospitalization: registry data linked to population-based representative postal surveys. BMC Public Health 14.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-14-874","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-874"},{"key":"5317_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schmidt M, Schmidt SAJ, Sandegaard JL et al (2015) The Danish National Patient Registry: a review of content, data quality, and research potential. Clin Epidemiol 449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CLEP.S91125","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S91125"},{"key":"5317_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811399958","volume":"39","author":"K Helweg-Larsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Helweg-Larsen K (2011) The Danish Register of Causes of Death. Scand J Public Health 39:26\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1403494811399958","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"5317_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.01096.x","volume":"117","author":"A Nager","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nager A, Sundquist K, Ram\u00edrez-Le\u00f3n V, Johansson LM (2008) Obstetric complications and postpartum psychosis: a follow-up study of 1.1 million first-time mothers between 1975 and 2003 in Sweden. Acta Psychiatr Scand 117:12\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.01096.x","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"5317_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280209105020","volume":"19","author":"PK Andersen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Andersen PK, Pohar Perme M (2010) Pseudo-observations in survival analysis. Stat Methods Med Res 19:71\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0962280209105020","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"5317_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Halekoh U, H\u00f8jsgaard S, Yan J (2006) The R Package geepack for generalized estimating equations. J Stat Soft 15.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v015.i02","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v015.i02"},{"key":"5317_CR53","unstructured":"Team RC (2022) R: A language and environment for statistical computing"},{"key":"5317_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurpra.2010.02.005","volume":"6","author":"K Brittain","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brittain K, Taylor JY, Wu CY (2010) Family adaptability among urban African-American women with hypertension. J Nurse Pract 6:786\u2013793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nurpra.2010.02.005","journal-title":"J Nurse Pract"},{"key":"5317_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1001\/archfami.2.4.393","volume":"2","author":"JC Konen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Konen JC, Summerson JH, Dignan MB (1993) Family function, stress, and locus of control. Relationships to glycemia in adults with diabetes mellitus. Arch Fam Med 2:393\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archfami.2.4.393","journal-title":"Arch Fam Med"},{"key":"5317_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2003.07.003","volume":"32","author":"M Kanervisto","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kanervisto M, Paavilainen E, \u00c5stedt-Kurki P (2003) Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on family functioning. Heart Lung 32:360\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2003.07.003","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"5317_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-015-0208-6","volume":"13","author":"Y-h Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang Y-h, Haslam M, Yu M et al (2015) Family functioning, marital quality and social support in Chinese patients with epilepsy. Health Qual Life Outcomes 13:10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-015-0208-6","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"5317_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.1241","volume":"17","author":"F Schmitt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schmitt F, Santalahti P, Saarelainen S et al (2008) Cancer families with children: factors associated with family functioning\u2014a comparative study in Finland. Psychooncology 17:363\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pon.1241","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"key":"5317_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(90)90009-H","volume":"31","author":"SF Mikail","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mikail SF, von Baeyer CL (1990) Pain, somatic focus, and emotional adjustment in children of chronic headache sufferers and controls. Soc Sci Med 31:51\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0277-9536(90)90009-H","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"5317_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.2190\/PM.39.4.f","volume":"39","author":"EG Spratt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Spratt EG, Back SE, Yeatts SD et al (2009) Relationship between child abuse and adult smoking. Int J Psychiatry Med 39:417\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2190\/PM.39.4.f","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Med"},{"key":"5317_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.71","volume":"67","author":"KM Scott","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scott KM, Smith DR, Ellis PM (2010) Prospectively ascertained child maltreatment and its association with DSM-IV mental disorders in young adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry 67:712\u2013719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.71","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"5317_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.107073","volume":"107","author":"M Tombini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tombini M, Assenza G, Quintiliani L et al (2020) Depressive symptoms and difficulties in emotion regulation in adult patients with epilepsy: association with quality of life and stigma. Epilepsy Behav 107:107073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.107073","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"5317_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.05.014","volume":"123","author":"MA Tubi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tubi MA, Lutkenhoff E, Blanco MB et al (2019) Early seizures and temporal lobe trauma predict post-traumatic epilepsy: a longitudinal study. Neurobiol Dis 123:115\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.05.014","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"5317_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.3390\/children8090806","volume":"8","author":"TJ Marin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marin TJ, Lewinson RE, Hayden JA et al (2021) A systematic review of the prospective relationship between child maltreatment and chronic pain. Children (Basel) 8:806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children8090806","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"5317_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000726","volume":"81","author":"R Duncan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Duncan R, Mulder R, Wilkinson SH, Horwood J (2019) Medically unexplained symptoms and antecedent sexual abuse: an observational study of a birth cohort. Psychosom Med 81:622\u2013628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000726","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"5317_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/13651500802621551","volume":"13","author":"RA Sansone","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sansone RA, Wiederman MW, Tahir NA, Buckner VR (2009) A re-examination of childhood trauma and somatic preoccupation. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 13:233\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13651500802621551","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract"},{"key":"5317_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200004063421408","volume":"342","author":"SM Haffner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Haffner SM (2000) Coronary heart disease in patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med 342:1040\u20131042","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5317_CR68","unstructured":"The World Bank. High income | Data. https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/income-level\/high-income?view=chart. Accessed 29 Jul 2022"},{"key":"5317_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/car.2353","volume":"24","author":"M Stoltenborgh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stoltenborgh M, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Alink LRA, van IJzendoorn MH, (2015) The prevalence of child maltreatment across the globe: review of a series of meta-analyses. Child Abuse Rev 24:37\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/car.2353","journal-title":"Child Abuse Rev"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05317-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05317-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05317-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T16:47:38Z","timestamp":1709916458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05317-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["5317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05317-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 April 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 October 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 November 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}