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Numerous studies have assessed that vitamin D deficiency is highly related to dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children. The aim of this study is to elaborate a narrative review about proposed mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency interacts with dental caries process in children. Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may cause intrauterine enamel defects, and through childhood is accompanied by insufficient activity of antibacterial peptides, decreased saliva secretion, and a low level of calcium in saliva.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u00a0 <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency would increase the risk of caries in the primary and\/or permanent dentition. Relationship between vitamin D deficiency and dental caries is evident enough for vitamin D deficiency to be considered as a risk factor for dental caries in children. Optimal levels of vitamin D throughout pregnancy and childhood may be considered an additional preventive measure for dental caries in the primary and permanent dentition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05331-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T06:01:41Z","timestamp":1700028101000},"page":"523-528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Dental caries in children and vitamin D deficiency: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"183","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4628-2213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teodoro","family":"Dur\u00e1-Trav\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fidel","family":"Gallinas-Victoriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"5331_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-020-00237-z","volume":"2020","author":"M Kazeminia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kazeminia M, Abdi A, Shohaimi S, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Salari N et al (2020) Dental caries in primary and permanente teeth in children\u2019s worldwide, 1995 to 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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