{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T22:26:15Z","timestamp":1784931975193,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005378","name":"Hacettepe University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005378","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sucking patterns and early spontaneous movements have an important role in the determination of later developmental problems, but the relationship of the two together with long-term outcomes has not been investigated. The objectives of this study were to (i) examine the relationship between sucking patterns using the Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) and fidgety movements and other movement patterns using detailed General Movements Assessment (GMA), and (ii) investigate the relationship between these early assessment methods and developmental functioning outcomes at later ages. We analyzed the NOMAS from 34\u00a0weeks\u2019 postmenstrual age up to 10\u00a0weeks post-term and GMA between 9 and 20\u00a0weeks post-term age, and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition (Bayley-III) was applied for the developmental functioning outcomes to 62 infants (61%, 62\/102) between 12 and 42\u00a0months of age. Among 102 infants at-risk, 70 (69%) showed a normal sucking pattern, and 85 (83%) had fidgety movements. The median Motor Optimality Score-Revised (MOS-R), as determined by GMA, of all infants was 24. The NOMAS was related to the MOS-R and its subcategories (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in all infants at-risk. The NOMAS, MOS-R and its subcategories were also related to cognitive, language, and motor development at later ages according to Bayley-III (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>\u00a0 \u00a0Conclusion:<\/jats:italic> This longitudinal study showed that the quality of sucking patterns, fidgety movements, and MOS-R were related to later developmental functioning, indicating that abnormal sucking patterns, aberrant fidgety movements, and lower MOS-R might predict developmental disorders.\n<jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Sucking patterns and early spontaneous movements in which central pattern generators play an important role are related.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Sucking patterns and early spontaneous movements might be used separately to predict developmental outcomes.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Sucking patterns and early spontaneous movements, when used together, were related to later developmental functioning, including cognitive, language, and motor development\u00a0in at-risk infants.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Predictive value of sucking patterns was lower for each developmental functioning outcome than early spontaneous movements.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-024-05422-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T06:02:00Z","timestamp":1705125720000},"page":"1435-1446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Are sucking patterns and early spontaneous movements related to later developmental functioning outcomes? A cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"183","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5090-6658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilge N.","family":"Yard\u0131mc\u0131-Lokmano\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6308-0237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Numan","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9936-0580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Do\u011fan","family":"Porsnok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4677-7988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fclsen","family":"S\u0131rtba\u015f-I\u015f\u0131k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9224-6742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emre","family":"Cengiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2463-7503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selen","family":"Serel-Arslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6346-1750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akmer","family":"Mutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"5422_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1159\/000381361","volume":"66","author":"C Lau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lau C (2015) Development of suck and swallow mechanisms in infants. Ann Nutr Metab 66(Suppl 5):7\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000381361","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"5422_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.109603","volume":"103","author":"C Lau","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lau C (2016) Development of infant oral feeding skills: what do we know? Am J Clin Nutr 103(2):616S-621S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.115.109603","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"5422_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1044\/ssod19.1.44","volume":"19","author":"M Poore","year":"2009","unstructured":"Poore M, Barlow S (2009) Suck predicts neuromotor integrity and developmental outcomes. Perspect Speech Sci Orofacial Disord 19:44\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/ssod19.1.44","journal-title":"Perspect Speech Sci Orofacial Disord"},{"key":"5422_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Festila D, Ghergie M, Muntean A, Matiz D, Serbanescu A (2014) Suckling and non-nutritive sucking habit: what should we know? Clujul Med 87(1):11\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15386\/cjm.2014.8872.871.df1mg2","DOI":"10.15386\/cjm.2014.8872.871.df1mg2"},{"key":"5422_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.599633","volume":"8","author":"S Shandley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shandley S, Capilouto G, Tamilia E, Riley DM, Johnson YR, Papadelis C (2021) Abnormal nutritive sucking as an indicator of neonatal brain injury. Front Pediatr 8:599633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2020.599633","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"5422_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2008.05.002","volume":"19","author":"S Mistry","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mistry S, Hamdy S (2008) Neural control of feeding and swallowing. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 19(4):709\u2013728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmr.2008.05.002","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"5422_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e32832b312a","volume":"17","author":"SM Barlow","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barlow SM (2009) Central pattern generation involved in oral and respiratory control for feeding in the term infant. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 17(3):187\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MOO.0b013e32832b312a","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"5422_CR8","volume-title":"Prechtl's Method on the Qualitative Assessment of General Movements in Preterm, Term and Young Infants","author":"C Einspieler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Einspieler C, Prechtl HFR, Bos AF, Ferrari F, Cioni G (2004) Prechtl\u2019s Method on the Qualitative Assessment of General Movements in Preterm, Term and Young Infants, 1st edn. UK, MacKeith Press, London","edition":"1"},{"issue":"1","key":"5422_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.20051","volume":"11","author":"C Einspieler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Einspieler C, Prechtl HF (2005) Prechtl\u2019s assessment of general movements: a diagnostic tool for the functional assessment of the young nervous system. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 11(1):61\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrdd.20051","journal-title":"Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev"},{"issue":"9062","key":"5422_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)10182-3","volume":"349","author":"HFR Prechtl","year":"1997","unstructured":"Prechtl HFR, Einspieler C, Cioni G, Bos AF, Ferrari F, Sontheimer D (1997) An early marker for neurological deficits after perinatal brain lesion. Lancet 349(9062):1361\u20131363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)10182-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3 Suppl 1","key":"5422_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2015.12.003","volume":"92","author":"C Einspieler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Einspieler C, Peharz R, Marschik PB (2016) Fidgety movements\u2014Tiny in appearance, but huge in impact. J Pediatr 92(3 Suppl 1):S64\u2013S70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jped.2015.12.003","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"5422_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1027\/0044-3409.216.3.147","volume":"216","author":"C Einspieler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Einspieler C, Marschik PB, Prechtl HF (2008) Human motor behavior\u2014 prenatal origin and early postnatal development. Z Psychol 216(3):147\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/0044-3409.216.3.147","journal-title":"Z Psychol"},{"key":"5422_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13697","volume":"60","author":"AKL Kwong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kwong AKL, Fitzgerald TL, Doyle LW, Cheong JLY, Spittle AJ (2018) Predictive validity of spontaneous early infant movement for later cerebral palsy: A systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 60:480\u2013489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dmcn.13697","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5422_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12140","volume":"55","author":"M Bosanquet","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bosanquet M, Copeland L, Ware R, Boyd R (2013) A systematic review of tests to predict cerebral palsy in young children. Dev Med Child Neurol 55(5):418\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dmcn.12140","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5422_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12867","volume":"36","author":"AK Kwong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kwong AK, Doyle LW, Olsen JE, Eeles AL, Zannino D, Mainzer RM, Cheong JLY, Spittle AJ (2022) Parent-recorded videos of infant spontaneous movement: Comparisons at 3\u20134 months and relationships with 2-year developmental outcomes in extremely preterm, extremely low birthweight and term-born infants. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 36(5):673\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ppe.12867","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5422_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15167","volume":"64","author":"AK Kwong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kwong AK, Doyle LW, Olsen JE, Eeles AL, Lee KJ, Cheong JLY, Spittle AJ (2022) Early motor repertoire and neurodevelopment at 2 years in infants born extremely preterm or extremely-low-birthweight. Dev Med Child Neurol 64(7):855\u2013862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dmcn.15167","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"5422_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2017.05.006","volume":"111","author":"S Salavati","year":"2017","unstructured":"Salavati S, Einspieler C, Vagelli G, Zhang D, Pansy J, Burgerhof JGM, Marschik PB, Bos AF (2017) The association between the early motor repertoire and language development in term children born after normal pregnancy. Early Hum Dev 111:30\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2017.05.006","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"11","key":"5422_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03294.x","volume":"51","author":"JL Bruggink","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bruggink JL, Cioni G, Einspieler C, Maathuis CG, Pascale R, Bos AF (2009) Early motor repertoire is related to level of self-mobility in children with cerebral palsy at school age. Dev Med Child Neurol 51(11):878\u2013885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03294.x","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"5422_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang H, Einspieler C, Shi W, Marschik PB, Wang Y, Cao Y, Li H, Liao YG, Shao XM (2012) Cerebral palsy in children: movements and postures during early infancy dependent on preterm vs. full term births. Early Hum Dev 88(10):837\u2013843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2012.06.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2012.06.004"},{"issue":"10","key":"5422_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8101616","volume":"8","author":"C Einspieler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Einspieler C, Bos AF, Krieber-Tomantschger M, Alvarado E, Barbosa VM, Bertoncelli N, Burger M, Chorna O, Del Secco S, DeRegnier RA et al (2019) Cerebral palsy: early markers of clinical phenotype and functional outcome. J Clin Med 8(10):1616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8101616","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5422_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2009.02882.x","volume":"52","author":"SW Tsai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsai SW, Chen CH, Lin MC (2010) Prediction for developmental delay on Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment Scale in preterm infants without brain lesion. Pediatr Int 52(1):65\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2009.02882.x","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"5422_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1811-1","volume":"19","author":"YG Yi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yi YG, Oh BM, Shin SH, Shin JY, Kim EK, Shin HI (2019) Association of uncoordinated sucking pattern with developmental outcome in premature infants: a retrospective analysis. BMC Pediatr 19(1):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-019-1811-1","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"50","key":"5422_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000009207","volume":"96","author":"X Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang X, Zhou M, Yin H, Dai Y, Li Y (2017) The predictive value of early oral motor assessments for neurodevelopmental outcomes of moderately and late preterm infants. Medicine (Baltimore) 96(50):e9207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000009207","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"8","key":"5422_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13438","volume":"59","author":"MI Wolthuis-Stigter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wolthuis-Stigter MI, Da Costa SP, Bos AF, Krijnen WP, Van Der Schans CP, Luinge MR (2017) Sucking behaviour in infants born preterm and developmental outcomes at primary school age. Dev Med Child Neurol 59(8):871\u2013877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dmcn.13438","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5422_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.04.032","volume":"161","author":"T Nieuwenhuis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nieuwenhuis T, da Costa SP, Bilderbeek E, Geven WB, van der Schans CP, Bos AF (2012) Uncoordinated sucking patterns in preterm infants are associated with abnormal general movements. J Pediatr 161(5):792\u2013798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.04.032","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"5422_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S180","DOI":"10.5152\/TurkPediatriArs.2018.01817","volume":"53","author":"B Acuna\u015f","year":"2018","unstructured":"Acuna\u015f B, Uslu S, Ya\u011fmur Ba\u015f A (2018) Turkish Neonatal Society guideline for the follow-up of high-risk newborn infants. Turk Pediatri 53(Suppl 1):S180\u2013S195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/TurkPediatriArs.2018.01817","journal-title":"Turk Pediatri"},{"issue":"1","key":"5422_CR27","first-page":"28","volume":"13","author":"MM Palmer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Palmer MM, Crawley K, Blanco IA (1993) Neonatal Oral-Motor Assessment scale: A reliability study. J Perinatol 13(1):28\u201335","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5422_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e339","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13461","volume":"105","author":"SP da Costa","year":"2016","unstructured":"da Costa SP, H\u00fcbl N, Kaufman N, Bos AF (2016) New scoring system improves inter-rater reliability of the Neonatal Oral-Motor Assessment Scale. Acta Paediatr 105(8):e339\u2013e344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.13461","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"5422_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2008.12.001","volume":"85","author":"T Fj\u00f8rtoft","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fj\u00f8rtoft T, Einspieler C, Adde L, Strand LI (2009) Inter-observer reliability of the \u201cAssessment of Motor Repertoire\u20143 to 5 Months\u201d based on video recordings of infants. Early Hum Dev 85(5):297\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2008.12.001","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"5422_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayley N (2006) Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development: Administration Manual. Harcourt Assessment","DOI":"10.1037\/t14978-000"},{"issue":"1","key":"5422_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/10408340500526766","volume":"36","author":"AG Asuero","year":"2006","unstructured":"Asuero AG, Sayago A, Gonzalez AG (2006) The correlation coefficient: An overview. Crit Rev Anal Chem 36(1):41\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408340500526766","journal-title":"Crit Rev Anal Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"5422_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.09.007","volume":"166","author":"MI Wolthuis-Stigter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wolthuis-Stigter MI, Luinge MR, da Costa SP, Krijnen WP, van der Schans CP, Bos AF (2015) The association between sucking behavior in preterm infants and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age. J Pediatr 166(1):26\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.09.007","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"5422_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.04.037","volume":"157","author":"SP da Costa","year":"2010","unstructured":"da Costa SP, van der Schans CP, Zweens MJ, Boelema SR, van der Meij E, Boerman MA, Bos AF (2010) The development of sucking patterns in preterm, small-for-gestational age infants. J Pediatr 157(4):603\u2013609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.04.037","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"5422_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2022.105684","volume":"174","author":"C Peyton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peyton C, Millman R, Rodriguez S, Boswell L, Naber M, Spittle A, de Regnier R, Barbosa VM, Sukal-Moulton T (2022) Motor Optimality Scores are significantly lower in a population of high-risk infants than in infants born moderate-late preterm. Early Hum Dev 174:105684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2022.105684","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"5422_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.12.046","volume":"87","author":"M Yuge","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yuge M, Marschik PB, Nakajima Y, Yamori Y, Kanda T, Hirota H, Yoshida N, Einspieler C (2011) Movements and postures of infants aged 3 to 5 months: to what extent is their optimality related to perinatal events and to the neurological outcome? Early Hum Dev 87(3):231\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.12.046","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"6","key":"5422_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-04949-7","volume":"182","author":"Y Topal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Topal Y, Yard\u0131mc\u0131-Lokmano\u011flu BN, Topuz S, Mutlu A (2023) Early spontaneous movements and spatiotemporal gait characteristics in preterm children. Eur J Pediatr 182(6):2913\u20132923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-023-04949-7","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"5422_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-049572","volume":"148","author":"S Salavati","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salavati S, Bos AF, Doyle LW, Anderson PJ, Spittle AJ (2021) Very preterm early motor repertoire and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 8 years. Pediatrics 148(3):e2020049572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2020-049572","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5422_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617721001351","volume":"29","author":"S Salavati","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salavati S, den Heijer AE, Coenen MA, Bruggink JLM, Einspieler C, Bos AF, Spikman JM (2023) The Early Motor Repertoire in Preterm Infancy and Cognition in Young Adulthood: Preliminary Findings. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 29(1):80\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1355617721001351","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"5422_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13540","volume":"60","author":"M Hadders-Algra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hadders-Algra M (2018) Neural substrate and clinical significance of general movements: an update. Dev Med Child Neurol 60(1):39\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dmcn.13540","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"5422_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00139","volume":"5","author":"I Kostovi\u0107","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kostovi\u0107 I, Kostovi\u0107-Srzenti\u0107 M, Benjak V, Jovanov-Milo\u0161evi\u0107 N, Rado\u0161 M (2014) Developmental dynamics of radial vulnerability in the cerebral compartments in preterm infants and neonates. Front Neurol 5:139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2014.00139","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5422_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12333","volume":"21","author":"I Kostovi\u0107","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kostovi\u0107 I, Sedmak G, Vuk\u0161i\u0107 M, Juda\u0161 M (2015) The relevance of human fetal subplate zone for developmental neuropathology of neuronal migration disorders and cortical dysplasia. CNS Neurosci Ther 21(2):74\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.12333","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"5422_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.04.009","volume":"31","author":"M Hadders-Algra","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hadders-Algra M (2007) Putative neural substrate of normal and abnormal general movements. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 31:1181\u20131190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.04.009","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"5422_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2008.09.004","volume":"13","author":"M Burger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Burger M, Louw QA (2009) The predictive validity of general movements\u2013a systematic review. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 13(5):408\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpn.2008.09.004","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5422_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.688","volume":"20","author":"SW Porges","year":"2011","unstructured":"Porges SW, Furman SA (2011) The early development of the autonomic nervous system provides a neural platform for social behaviour: A polyvagal perspective. Infant Child Dev 20(1):106\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/icd.688","journal-title":"Infant Child Dev"},{"key":"5422_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Neel ML, Conroy S, Srinivas R, Taylor HG, Stark AR, de Silva A, Busch T, Maitre NL (2023) Bayley trajectories predict school readiness better than single assessments in formerly very preterm preschoolers. Pediatr Res. Online ahead of print. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-023-02656-5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-023-02656-5"},{"issue":"7","key":"5422_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.04.001","volume":"34","author":"MM Greene","year":"2013","unstructured":"Greene MM, Patra K, Silvestri JM, Nelson MN (2013) Re-evaluating preterm infants with the Bayley-III: patterns and predictors of change. Res Dev Disabil 34(7):2107\u20132117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.04.001","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-024-05422-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-024-05422-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-024-05422-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T14:19:31Z","timestamp":1710857971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-024-05422-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["5422"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-024-05422-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Board, Hacettepe University (GO 22\/303). The study protocol was in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All parents gave written informed consent before the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}