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We determined the occurrence of hyperoxemia in infants treated for PPHN. Medical records of infants\u2009\u2265\u200934\u2009+\u20090\u00a0weeks gestational age (GA) who received inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) were retrospectively reviewed for oxygenation parameters during iNO therapy. Oxygen was manually titrated to target arterial oxygen tension (PaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) 10\u201313\u00a0kPa and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) 92\u201398%. The main study outcomes were the incidence and duration of hyperoxemia and hypoxemia and the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>). A total of 181 infants were included. The median FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was 0.43 (IQR 0.34\u20130.56) and the maximum FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was 1.0 in 156\/181 (86%) infants, resulting in at least one PaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2009&gt;\u200913\u00a0kPa in 149\/181 (82%) infants, of which 46\/149 (31%) infants had minimal one PaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2009&gt;\u200930\u00a0kPa. SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was\u2009&gt;\u200998% in 179\/181 (99%) infants for 17.7% (8.2\u201335.6%) of the iNO time. PaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2009&lt;\u200910\u00a0kPa occurred in 160\/181 (88%) infants, of which 81\/160 (51%) infants had minimal one PaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2009&lt;\u20096.7\u00a0kPa. SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was\u2009&lt;\u200992% in 169\/181 (93%) infants for 1.6% (0.5\u20134.3%) of the iNO time.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>\u00a0 \u00a0 Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: While treatment of PPHN is focused on preventing and reversing hypoxemia, hyperoxemia occurs inadvertently in most patients.\n<jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 High concentrations of oxygen are often needed to prevent hypoxemia-induced deterioration of PPHN, but this can also increase the risk of hyperoxemia.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension may be particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of oxygen, and hyperoxemia could further induce pulmonary vasoconstriction, potentially worsening the condition.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td colspan=\"2\"><jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>\u2022 Hyperoxemia occurs in the majority of infants with PPHN during treatment with iNO.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u2022 Infants with PPHN spent a considerably longer period with saturations above the target range compared to saturations below the target range.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-024-05506-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T06:43:26Z","timestamp":1710225806000},"page":"2455-2461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Occurrence of hyperoxia during iNO treatment for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"183","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7727-126X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justine","family":"de Jager","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fleur","family":"Brouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Reijman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roel L. 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