{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:04:49Z","timestamp":1789124689977,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009104","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The quality of cranial ultrasound has improved over time, with advancing technology leading to higher resolution, faster image processing, digital display, and back-up. However, some brain lesions may remain difficult to characterize: since higher frequencies result in greater spatial resolution, the use of additional transducers may overcome some of these limitations. The very high-frequency transducers (18-5\u00a0MHz) are currently employed for small parts and lung ultrasound. Here we report the first case series comparing the very high-frequency probes (18-5\u00a0MHz) with standard micro-convex probes (8-5\u00a0MHz) for cranial ultrasound in preterm infants.\u00a0In this case series, we compared cranial ultrasound images obtained with a micro-convex transducer (8-5\u00a0MHz) and those obtained with a very high-frequency (18-5\u00a0MHz) linear array transducer in 13 preterm infants\u2009\u2264\u200932 weeks gestation (9 with cerebral abnormalities and 4 with normal findings). Ultrasound examinations using the very high-frequency linear transducer and the standard medium-frequency micro-convex transducer were performed simultaneously. We also compared ultrasound findings with brain MRI images obtained at term corrected age.\u00a0Ultrasound images obtained with the very high-frequency (18-5\u00a0MHz) transducer showed high quality and accuracy. Notably, despite their higher frequency and expected limited penetration capacity, brain size is small enough in preterm infants, so that brain structures are close to the transducer, allowing for complete evaluation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>\u00a0 \u00a0 Conclusion<\/jats:italic>:\u00a0We propose the routine use of very high-frequency linear probes as a complementary scanning modality for cranial ultrasound in preterm infants\u2009\u2264\u200932 weeks gestation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td align=\"left\"><jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\u2022\u00a0<jats:italic>Brain lesions in preterm infants\u00a0may remain insufficiently defined through conventional cranial ultrasound scan.<\/jats:italic>\u2022\u00a0<jats:italic>Higher frequency\u00a0probes\u00a0 offer\u00a0better spatial resolution but have\u00a0a narrower filed of exploration and limited penetration capacity.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td align=\"left\"><jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\u2022\u00a0<jats:italic>Very high-frequency probes were compared with standard medium-frequency probes\u00a0for\u00a0cranial ultrasound in infants\u00a0\u00a0\u2264 32 weeks' gestation.<\/jats:italic>\u2022\u00a0<jats:italic>Thanks to the smaller skull size of preterm infants, the new very high-frequency transducers allowed a complete and accurate evaluation.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-024-05627-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T18:02:17Z","timestamp":1717437737000},"page":"3589-3598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cranial ultrasound in preterm infants\u2009\u2264\u200932 weeks\u00a0gestation\u2014novel insights from the use of very high-frequency (18-5\u00a0MHz) transducers: a case series"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"183","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5991-8949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Miselli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isotta","family":"Guidotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Di Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Bedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Minotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Spaggiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Malmusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Licia","family":"Lugli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Corso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5225-0982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Berardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"5627_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/52238","author":"GM Ecury-Goossen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ecury-Goossen GM, Camfferman FA, Leijser LM et al (2015) State of the art cranial ultrasound imaging in neonates. 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