{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:50:23Z","timestamp":1792590623648,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ricerca Corrente"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Corrente"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012352","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infants with a congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tract sometimes present with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis due to under-responsiveness to aldosterone, hereafter referred to as secondary pseudo-hypoaldosteronism. The purpose of this report is to investigate pseudo-hypoaldosteronism in infant urinary tract infection. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines after PROSPERO (CRD42022364210) registration. The National Library of Medicine, Excerpta Medica, Web of Science, and Google Scholar without limitations were used. Inclusion criteria involved pediatric cases with documented overt pseudo-hypoaldosteronism linked to urinary tract infection. Data extraction included demographics, clinical features, laboratory parameters, management, and course. Fifty-seven reports were selected, detailing 124 cases: 95 boys and 29 girls, 10\u00a0months or less of age (80% of cases were 4\u00a0months or less of age). The cases exhibited hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, acidosis, and activated renin-angiotensin II-aldosterone system. An impaired kidney function was found in approximately every third case. Management included antibiotics, fluids, and, occasionally, emergency treatment of hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, or acidosis. The recovery time averaged 1\u00a0week for electrolyte, acid\u2013base imbalance, and kidney function. Notably, anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract were identified in 105 (85%) cases.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>:This review expands the understanding of overt transient pseudo-hypoaldosteronism complicating urinary tract infection. Management involves antimicrobials, fluid replacement, and consideration of electrolyte imbalances. Raising awareness of this condition within pediatric hospitalists is desirable.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td align=\"left\"><jats:bold>What is Known<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td align=\"left\">\u2022 <jats:italic>Infants affected by a congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tract may present with clinical and laboratory features resembling primary pseudo-<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>hypoaldosteronism<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\u2022 <jats:italic>Identical features occasionally occur in infant urinary tract infection.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td align=\"left\"><jats:bold>What is New<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td align=\"left\">\u2022 <jats:italic>Most cases of secondary pseudo-hypoaldosteronism associated with a urinary tract infection are concurrently affected by a congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tract.<\/jats:italic>\u2022 <jats:italic>Treatment with antibiotics and parenteral fluids typically results in the normalization of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and creatinine within approximately 1 week.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-024-05676-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T06:02:31Z","timestamp":1720591351000},"page":"4205-4214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Transient secondary pseudo-hypoaldosteronism in infants with urinary tract infections: systematic literature review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Betti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Lavagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario G.","family":"Bianchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Kottanattu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastiano A. G.","family":"Lava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Schera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marirosa Cristallo","family":"Lacalamita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregorio P.","family":"Milani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"5676_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1097\/01.asn.0000028641.59030.b2","volume":"13","author":"O Bonny","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bonny O, Rossier BC (2002) Disturbances of Na\/K balance: pseudohypoaldosteronism revisited. J Am Soc Nephrol 13(9):2399\u20132414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.asn.0000028641.59030.b2","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5676_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02229.x","volume":"62","author":"DS Geller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Geller DS (2005) Mineralocorticoid resistance. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 62(5):513\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02229.x","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"3","key":"5676_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(83)80406-5","volume":"103","author":"J Rodr\u00edguez-Soriano","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Soriano J, Vallo A, Oliveros R, Castillo G (1983) Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism secondary to obstructive uropathy in infancy. J Pediatr 103(3):375\u2013380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-3476(83)80406-5","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"5676_CR4","first-page":"121","volume":"23","author":"W Sperl","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sperl W, Guggenbichler JP, Warter T (1988) Ver\u00e4nderungen im Elektrolyt- und S\u00e4ure-Basenhaushalt bei Kindern mit akuten Harnwegsinfekten [Changes in electrolyte and acid-base equilibrium in children with acute urinary tract infections]. P\u00e4diatr P\u00e4dol 23(2):121\u2013128","journal-title":"P\u00e4diatr P\u00e4dol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5676_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-015-3273-5","volume":"31","author":"A Bertini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bertini A, Milani GP, Simonetti GD, Fossali EF, Far\u00e9 PB, Bianchetti MG, Lava SAG (2016) Na+, K+, Cl-, acid-base or H2O homeostasis in children with urinary tract infections: a narrative review. Pediatr Nephrol 31(9):1403\u20131409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-015-3273-5","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5676_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.03.001","volume":"134","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, Chou R, Glanville J, Grimshaw JM, Hr\u00f3bjartsson A, Lalu MM, Li T, Loder EW, Mayo-Wilson E, McDonald S, McGuinness LA, Stewart LA, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Welch VA, Whiting P, Moher D (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. J Clin Epidemiol 134:178\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.03.001","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"5676_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0138237","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138237","volume":"10","author":"NR Haddaway","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haddaway NR, Collins AM, Coughlin D, Kirk S (2015) The role of Google Scholar in evidence reviews and its applicability to grey literature searching. PLoS ONE 10:e0138237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0138237","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"5676_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00252-7","volume":"7","author":"S Hahner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hahner S, Ross RJ, Arlt W, Bancos I, Burger-Stritt S, Torpy DJ, Husebye ES, Quinkler M (2021) Adrenal insufficiency. Nat Rev Dis Primers 7(1):19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-021-00252-7","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"2","key":"5676_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-4006-7","volume":"48","author":"PH Vivier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vivier PH, Augdal TA, Avni FE, Bacchetta J, Beetz R, Bjerre AK, Blickman J, Cochat P, Coppo R, Damasio B, Darge K, El-Ghoneimi A, Hoebeke P, L\u00e4ckgren G, Leclair MD, Lobo ML, Manzoni G, Marks SD, Mattioli G, Mentzel HJ, Mouriquand P, Nev\u00e9us T, Ntoulia A, Ording-Muller LS, Oswald J, Papadopoulou F, Porcellini G, Ring E, R\u00f6sch W, Teixeira AF, Riccabona M (2018) Standardization of pediatric uroradiological terms: a multidisciplinary European glossary. Pediatr Radiol 48(2):291\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-017-4006-7","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"5676_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.1","volume":"2","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group (2012) KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int Suppl 2:1\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/kisup.2012.1","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"issue":"1","key":"5676_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-319928","volume":"107","author":"M Scott","year":"2022","unstructured":"Scott M, McCall G (2022) Fifteen-minute consultation: how to identify and treat children with acute kidney injury. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 107(1):9\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2020-319928","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed"},{"issue":"6092","key":"5676_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6092.929","volume":"275","author":"DB Morgan","year":"1977","unstructured":"Morgan DB, Carver ME, Payne RB (1977) Plasma creatinine and urea:creatinine ratio in patients with raised plasma urea. Br Med J 275(6092):929\u2013932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.2.6092.929","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"5676_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1985.tb11035.x","volume":"74","author":"VDAJ Heijden","year":"1985","unstructured":"Heijden VDAJ, Versteegh FG, Wolff ED, Sukhai RN, Scholtmeijer RJ (1985) Acute tubular dysfunction in infants with obstructive uropathy. Acta Paediatr Scand 74(4):589\u2013594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1985.tb11035.x","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"issue":"8","key":"5676_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02389571","volume":"19","author":"YN Vaid","year":"1989","unstructured":"Vaid YN, Lebowitz RL (1989) Urosepsis in infants with vesicoureteral reflux masquerading as the salt-losing type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Pediatr Radiol 19(8):548\u2013550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02389571","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"5676_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1159\/000182716","volume":"39","author":"U Kuhnle","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kuhnle U, Guariso G, Sonega M, Hinkel GK, Hubl W, Armanini D (1993) Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism in obstructive renal disease with transient reduction of lymphocytic aldosterone receptors. Results in two affected infants. Horm Res 39(3\u20134):152\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000182716","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"5676_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02074840","volume":"154","author":"M Gerigk","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gerigk M, Glanzmann R, Rascher W, Gnehm HE (1995) Hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia in acute pyelonephritis without urinary tract anomalies. Eur J Pediatr 154(7):582\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02074840","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"5676_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem.1997.10.4.429","volume":"10","author":"YM Wang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wang YM (1997) Pseudohypoaldosteronism with pyloric stenosis - a patient report. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 10(4):429\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpem.1997.10.4.429","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"5676_CR18","first-page":"289","volume":"20","author":"G Parisi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Parisi G, Rojo S, De Pascale S, Mancinelli C, D\u2019Alonzo L, Galante E, Marinelli L, Damiani F (1998) Pseudoipoaldosteronismo transitorio secondario a patologia congenita malformativa delle vie urinarie (valvole dell\u2019uretra posteriore): descrizione di un caso ed elementi di ordine fisio-patologico [Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism secondary to congenital malformation pathology of the urinary tract (valves of the posterior urethra): a report of a case with elements of a physiopathological nature]. Pediatr Med Chir 20:289\u2013293","journal-title":"Pediatr Med Chir"},{"issue":"3","key":"5676_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1071148","volume":"18","author":"W Pumberger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pumberger W, Frigo E, Geissler W (1998) Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism in obstructive renal disease. Eur J Pediatr Surg 18(3):174\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2008-1071148","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"44","key":"5676_CR20","first-page":"2385","volume":"142","author":"JA van Wijk","year":"1998","unstructured":"van Wijk JA, van der Heijden AJ (1998) Urineweginfecties bij zuigelingen, een verraderlijk ziektebeeld [Urinary tract infections in infants, an insidious clinical picture]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 142(44):2385\u20132388","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"issue":"1","key":"5676_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/s0736-4679(99)00161-4","volume":"18","author":"KC Thies","year":"2000","unstructured":"Thies KC, Boos K, M\u00fcller-Deile K, Ohrdorf W, Beushausen T, Townsend P (2000) Ventricular flutter in a neonate - severe electrolyte imbalance caused by urinary tract infection in the presence of urinary tract malformation. J Emerg Med 18(1):47\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0736-4679(99)00161-4","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"5676_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-17151","volume":"11","author":"G B\u00fclchmann","year":"2001","unstructured":"B\u00fclchmann G, Schuster T, Heger A, Kuhnle U, Joppich I, Schmidt H (2001) Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism secondary to posterior urethral valves - a case report and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr Surg 11(4):277\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2001-17151","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"5676_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Perez-Brayfield MR, Gatti J, Smith E, Kirsch AJ (2001) Pseudohypoaldosteronism associated with ureterocele and upper pole moiety obstruction. Urology 57(6):1178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0090-4295(01)00973-6","DOI":"10.1016\/s0090-4295(01)00973-6"},{"issue":"12","key":"5676_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-002-0993-0","volume":"17","author":"K Maruyama","year":"2002","unstructured":"Maruyama K, Watanabe H, Onigata K (2002) Reversible secondary pseudohypoaldosteronism due to pyelonephritis. Pediatr Nephrol 17(12):1069\u20131070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-002-0993-0","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"5676_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)69124-9","volume":"167","author":"EJ Schoen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schoen EJ, Bhatia S, Ray GT, Clapp W, To TT (2002) Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism with hyponatremia-hyperkalemia in infant urinary tract infection. J Urol 167(2 Pt 1):680\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)69124-9","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5676_CR26","first-page":"435","volume":"105","author":"Z Dolezel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dolezel Z, Starha J, Novotna D, Dostalkova D (2004) Secondary pseudohypoaldosteronism in an infant with pyelonephritis. Bratisl Lek Listy 105(12):435\u2013437","journal-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy"},{"issue":"9","key":"5676_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-004-1500-6","volume":"19","author":"VI Giapros","year":"2004","unstructured":"Giapros VI, Tsatsoulis AA, Drougia EA, Kollios KD, Siomou EC, Andronikou SK (2004) Rare causes of acute hyperkalemia in the 1st week of life. Three case reports Pediatr Nephrol 19(9):1046\u20131049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-004-1500-6","journal-title":"Three case reports Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5676_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200x.2004.01937.x","volume":"46","author":"F T\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcler","year":"2004","unstructured":"T\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcler F, G\u00fcn\u00f6z H, Bas F, Bundak R, Saka N, Neyzi O (2004) Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism in an infant with urinary tract anomaly. Pediatr Int 46(5):618\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1442-200x.2004.01937.x","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"5676_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1177\/000992280504400911","volume":"44","author":"LD Mastrandrea","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mastrandrea LD, Martin DJ, Springate JE (2005) Clinical and biochemical similarities between reflux\/obstructive uropathy and salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 44(9):809\u2013812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000992280504400911","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"5","key":"5676_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1272\/jnms.73.289","volume":"73","author":"T Asano","year":"2006","unstructured":"Asano T, Abe M, Asai M, Imai T, Kamisago M, Kuwabara K, Nakajima M, Murakami M, Fujino O (2006) Urinary tract malformation and infection with hyperkalemia and decreased fractional excretion of potassium in an infant. J Nippon Med Sch 73(5):289\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1272\/jnms.73.289","journal-title":"J Nippon Med Sch"},{"issue":"1","key":"5676_CR31","first-page":"29","volume":"77","author":"MJ Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez MJ, Caggiani M, Rubio I (2006) Pseudohipoaldosteronismo transitorio secundario a pielonefritis con reflujo vesicoureteral severo en un lactante. Arch Pediatr Urug 77(1):29\u201333","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Urug"},{"issue":"5","key":"5676_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm862","volume":"23","author":"A Belot","year":"2008","unstructured":"Belot A, Ranchin B, Fichtner C, Pujo L, Rossier BC, Liutkus A, Morlat C, Nicolino M, Zennaro MC, Cochat P (2008) Pseudohypoaldosteronisms, report on a 10-patient series. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23(5):1636\u20131641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfm862","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"9","key":"5676_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-008-0843-9","volume":"23","author":"K Kashimada","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kashimada K, Omori T, Takizawa F, Mizutani S (2008) Two cases of transient pseudohypoaldosteronism due to group B streptococcus pyelonephritis. Pediatr Nephrol 23(9):1569\u20131570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-008-0843-9","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5676_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922807309637","volume":"47","author":"KM Pantalone","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pantalone KM (2008) Failure to thrive. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 47(4):404\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0009922807309637","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"5","key":"5676_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/13.5.387a","volume":"13","author":"M Peddle","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peddle M, Joubert G, Lim R (2008) Case 2: hyponatremia and hyperkalemia in a four-week-old boy. Paediatr Child Health 13(5):387\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pch\/13.5.387\u00b0","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"5676_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-009-1285-8","volume":"24","author":"R Bogdanovi\u0107","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bogdanovi\u0107 R, Staji\u0107 N, Putnik J, Paripovi\u0107 A (2009) Transient type 1 pseudo-hypoaldosteronism: report on an eight-patient series and literature review. Pediatr Nephrol 24(11):2167\u20132175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-009-1285-8","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5676_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2009.02900.x","volume":"51","author":"S Fujinaga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fujinaga S, Ohtomo Y, Someya T, Shimizu T, Yamashiro Y (2009) Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism complicating acute renal failure in an infant with vesico-ureteral reflux and pyelonephritis. Pediatr Int 51(5):744\u2013746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2009.02900.x","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"5676_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195728","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/195728","volume":"2009","author":"R Nandagopal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nandagopal R, Vaidyanathan P, Kaplowitz P (2009) Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism due to urinary tract infection in infancy: a report of 4 cases. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol 2009:195728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2009\/195728","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"5676_CR39","first-page":"63","volume":"24","author":"AL Leite","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leite AL, Silva AV, Vilarinho AC, Ferreira G (2010) Secondary pseudohypoaldosteronism in an infant with malformative uropathy. Port J Nephrol Hypertens 24:63\u201366","journal-title":"Port J Nephrol Hypertens"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"5676_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2011.010264","volume":"48","author":"L Manikam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Manikam L, Cornes MP, Kalra D, Ford C, Gama R (2011) Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism masquerading as congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Ann Clin Biochem 48(Pt 4):380\u2013382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/acb.2011.010264","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"5676_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e91","DOI":"10.5546\/aap.2011.e91","volume":"109","author":"GR Mar\u00edn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mar\u00edn GR (2011) Pseudohipoaldosteronismo de tipo 1: una emergencia hidroelectrol\u00edtica infrecuente: comunicaci\u00f3n de cuatro casos [Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1: an uncommon electrolyte emergency. Report of four cases]. Arch Argent Pediatr 109:e91\u2013e96. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5546\/aap.2011.e91","journal-title":"Arch Argent Pediatr"},{"key":"5676_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3339\/jkspn.2012.16.1.54","volume":"16","author":"MK Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim MK, Park SE, Lee JH (2012) Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism in an infant with vesicoureteral reflux. J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 16:54\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3339\/jkspn.2012.16.1.54","journal-title":"J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5676_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-011-1541-3","volume":"171","author":"B Pai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pai B, Shaw N, H\u00f6gler W (2012) Salt-losing crisis in infants - not always of adrenal origin. Eur J Pediatr 171(2):317\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-011-1541-3","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"5676_CR44","first-page":"67","volume":"54","author":"M Torun-Bayram","year":"2012","unstructured":"Torun-Bayram M, Soylu A, Kasap-Demir B, Alaygut D, T\u00fcrkmen M, Kavuk\u00e7u S (2012) Secondary pseudohypoaldosteronism caused by urinary tract infection associated with urinary tract anomalies: case reports. Turk J Pediatr 54(1):67\u201370","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"5676_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12267","volume":"56","author":"T Kibe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kibe T, Sobajima T, Yoshimura A, Uno Y, Wada N, Ueta I (2014) Secondary pseudohypoaldosteronism causing cardiopulmonary arrest and cholelithiasis. Pediatr Int 56(2):270\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ped.12267","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"5676_CR46","first-page":"81","volume":"81","author":"A Bertini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bertini A (2016) Anomalie del metabolismo di Na+, K+, Cl-, equilibrio acido-base e H2O nell\u2019infezione febbrile delle vie urinarie della prima infanzia: review narrativa (il caso di Arturo). Trib Med Tic 81(3):81\u201382","journal-title":"Trib Med Tic"},{"issue":"2","key":"5676_CR47","first-page":"188","volume":"23","author":"D Di Pinto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Di Pinto D, Fern\u00e1ndez Ruiz AM (2016) Lactante con deshidrataci\u00f3n hiponatr\u00e9mica - Pseudohipoaldosteronismo tipo 1 transitorio [An infant with hyponatremic dehydration - Transient type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism]. Med Infant 23(2):188\u2013191","journal-title":"Med Infant"},{"issue":"10","key":"5676_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-016-0963-4","volume":"53","author":"S Krishamurthy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krishamurthy S, Venkateswaran VS (2016) Severe hyponatremia complicating urinary tract malformation with pyelonephritis. Indian Pediatr 53(10):928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13312-016-0963-4","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"5676_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2016.07.001","volume":"8","author":"V Krishnappa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krishnappa V, Ross JH, Kenagy DN, Raina R (2016) Secondary or transient pseudohypoaldosteronism associated with urinary tract anomaly and urinary infection: a case report. Urol Case Rep 8:61\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eucr.2016.07.001","journal-title":"Urol Case Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"5676_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2015.252320","volume":"62","author":"M Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu M, Di Blasi C, Dickerson J, Jack R, Rutledge JC (2016) A 5-week-old boy with failure to thrive, marked hyperkalemia, and hyponatremia. Clin Chem 62(11):1439\u20131443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2015.252320","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"5676_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13481","volume":"53","author":"MB Abraham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abraham MB, Larkins N, Choong CS, Shetty VB (2017) Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism in infancy secondary to urinary tract infection. J Paediatr Child Health 53(5):458\u2013463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.13481","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"5676_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/20469047.2017.1329889","volume":"38","author":"M De Clerck","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Clerck M, Vande Walle J, Dhont E, Dehoorne J, Keenswijk W (2018) An infant presenting with failure to thrive and hyperkalaemia owing to transient pseudohypoaldosteronism: case report. Paediatr Int Child Health 38(4):277\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20469047.2017.1329889","journal-title":"Paediatr Int Child Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"5676_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.15605\/jafes.033.01.07","volume":"33","author":"TN Latt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Latt TN, Rahman SI, Nor NSM (2018) Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism in an infant: a case report. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc 33(1):45\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15605\/jafes.033.01.07","journal-title":"J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"5676_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2018.01.004","volume":"3","author":"SK Sethi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sethi SK, Wazir S, Bansal S, Khokhar S, Wadhwani N, Raina R (2018) Secondary pseudohypoaldosteronism masquerading congenital adrenal hyperplasia in a neonate. Kidney Int Rep 3(3):752\u2013754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2018.01.004","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"5676_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-019-04252-4","volume":"34","author":"B Atmis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Atmis B, Turan \u0130, Melek E, Karabay Bayazit A (2019) An infant with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis associated with urinary tract infection. Pediatr Nephrol 34(10):1737\u20131741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-019-04252-4","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5676_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1080\/20469047.2018.1439433","volume":"39","author":"N G\u00fcnay","year":"2019","unstructured":"G\u00fcnay N, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckayd\u0131n Z, P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131 S, Dursun \u0130, D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel R (2019) Transient pseudo-hypoaldosteronism. Paediatr Int Child. Health 39(2):154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20469047.2018.1439433","journal-title":"Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"5676_CR57","first-page":"108","volume":"69","author":"S Korkut","year":"2019","unstructured":"Korkut S, Akin L, Hatipoglu N, \u00d6zdemir A, G\u00fcnd\u00fcz Z, Dursun I, Korkmaz L, Dursun I, Kurtoglu S (2019) A potential serious complication in infants with congenital obstructive uropathy: secondary pseudohypoaldosteronism. J Pak Med Assoc 69(1):108\u2013112","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"5676_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.12771\/emj.2019.42.1.6","volume":"42","author":"JW Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee JW, Cho S, Kim H (2019) Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism in a 5-month-old infant manifested as a failure to thrive. Ewha Med J 42(1):6\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12771\/emj.2019.42.1.6","journal-title":"Ewha Med J"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"5676_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S82","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2018-0268","volume":"41","author":"H Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim H, Hesselton A, Neu AM, Fadrowski J (2020) Electrolyte disturbance in an infant with failure to thrive. Pediatr Rev 41(Suppl 1):S82\u2013S84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/pir.2018-0268","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"5676_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-019-0727-7","volume":"87","author":"MH Tseng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tseng MH, Huang JL, Huang SM, Tsai JD, Wu TW, Fan WL, Ding JJ, Lin SH (2020) Clinical features, genetic background, and outcome in infants with urinary tract infection and type IV renal tubular acidosis. Pediatr Res 87(7):1251\u20131255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-019-0727-7","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"5676_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655010","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.655010","volume":"9","author":"K Abu Bakar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abu Bakar K, Jalaludin MY, Zainal N, Woon SL, Mohd Zikre N, Samingan N, Ab Rahman S, Eng CSY (2021) Case report: severe hyponatremia in infants with urinary tract infection. Front Pediatr 9:655010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2021.655010","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"5676_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.14744\/TurkPediatriArs.2020.38159","volume":"56","author":"D Ceylan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ceylan D, Bayramo\u011flu E, Polat E, Erdeve \u015eS, \u00c7etinkaya S, Aycan Z (2021) A rare cause of salt-wasting in early infancy: transient pseudohypoaldosteronism. Turk Arch Pediatr 56(1):75\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14744\/TurkPediatriArs.2020.38159","journal-title":"Turk Arch Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"5676_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15071","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.15071","volume":"13","author":"A Morisaki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morisaki A, Naruse Y, Shibata Y, Mori M, Hiramoto R (2021) Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism secondary to group B streptococcus pyelonephritis. Cureus 13(5):e15071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.15071","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"5676_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-022-01203-y","volume":"48","author":"N Graziano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Graziano N, Agostoni C, Chiaraviglio F, Betti C, Piffer A, Bianchetti MG, Milani GP (2022) Pseudo-hypoaldosteronism secondary to infantile urinary tract infections: role of ultrasound. Ital J Pediatr 48(1):14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-022-01203-y","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"5676_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.20471\/acc.2022.61.04.20","volume":"61","author":"M Crnkovi\u0107\u0106uk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Crnkovi\u0107\u0106uk M, Kova\u010devi\u0107 A, \u017daja O, Po\u017egaj\u0160epec M, Roi\u0107 G, Valent Mori\u0107 B, Trutin I (2021) Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism secondary to urinary tract infection in a male infant with unilateral hydronephrosis due to primary obstructive megaureter: a case report. Acta Clin Croat 61(4):717\u2013721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20471\/acc.2022.61.04.20","journal-title":"Acta Clin Croat"},{"key":"5676_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895647","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.895647","volume":"10","author":"Y Tuoheti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tuoheti Y, Zheng Y, Lu Y, Li M, Jin Y (2022) Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism in infancy mainly manifested as poor appetite and vomiting: two case reports and review of the literature. Front Pediatr 10:895647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.895647","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"5676_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233205","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1233205","volume":"11","author":"C Carl","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carl C, Dinkelbach L, Mohr J, Perez R, Vera Lopez T, Fricke-Otto S, Niehues T (2024) Case report: Life threatening hyponatremia in infants with urinary tract infections: two cases of type III pseudohypoaldosteronism and review of the literature. Front Pediatr 11:1233205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1233205","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"5676_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8722","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.8722","volume":"12","author":"K Goshima","year":"2024","unstructured":"Goshima K, Tamura H, Hidaka Y, Furuie K, Kuraoka S (2024) A case of secondary pseudohypoaldosteronism that presented as poor weight gain. Clin Case Rep 12(4):e8722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccr3.8722","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"5676_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051921","volume":"12","author":"P Marzuillo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marzuillo P, Palma PL, Di Sessa A, Roberti A, Torino G, De Lucia M, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Guarino S, Di Iorio G (2023) Early-in-life serum aldosterone levels could predict surgery in patients with obstructive congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract: a pilot study. J Clin Med 12(5):1921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12051921","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"5676_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-019-04419-z","volume":"35","author":"E Memoli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Memoli E, Lava SAG, Bianchetti MG, Vianello F, Agostoni C, Milani GP (2020) Prevalence, diagnosis, and management of secondary pseudohypoaldosteronism. Pediatr Nephrol 35(4):713\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-019-04419-z","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5676_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-011-2020-9","volume":"27","author":"MA Gil-Ruiz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gil-Ruiz MA, Alcaraz AJ, Mara\u00f1\u00f3n RJ, Navarro N, Huidobro B, Luque A (2012) Electrolyte disturbances in acute pyelonephritis. Pediatr Nephrol 27(3):429\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-011-2020-9","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"9 Suppl 4","key":"5676_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02191509","volume":"154","author":"HC Th\u00f6ny","year":"1995","unstructured":"Th\u00f6ny HC, Luethy CM, Zimmermann A, Laux-End R, Oetliker OH, Bianchetti MG (1995) Histological features of glomerular immaturity in infants and small children with normal or altered tubular function. Eur J Pediatr 154(9 Suppl 4):S65\u2013S68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02191509","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"5676_CR73","first-page":"163","volume":"17","author":"J Brodehl","year":"1982","unstructured":"Brodehl J, Gellissen K, Weber HP (1982) Postnatal development of tubular phosphate reabsorption. Clin Nephrol 17(4):163\u2013171","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"5676_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marzuillo P, Guarino S, Alfiero S, Annicchiarico Petruzzelli L, Arenella M, Baccelli F, Brugnara M, Corrado C, Delcaro G, Di Sessa A, Gallotta G, Lanari M, Lorenzi M, Malgieri G, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Pecoraro C, Pennesi M, Picassi S, Pierantoni L, Puccio G, Scozzola F, Taroni F, Tosolini C, Venditto L, Pasini A, La Scola C, Montini G, CAKUT\u2010UTI Study Group of the Italian Society of Pediatric Nephrology (2024) Acute kidney injury in children hospitalised for febrile urinary tract infection. Acta Paediatr 113(7):1711\u20131719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.17247","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.17247"},{"issue":"5","key":"5676_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12258.x","volume":"81","author":"J Rodr\u00edguez-Soriano","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Soriano J, Vallo A, Quintela MJ, Oliveros R, Ubetagoyena M (1992) Normokalaemic pseudohypoaldosteronism is present in children with acute pyelonephritis. Acta Paediatr 81(5):402\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12258.x","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"5676_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026-4806.19.06002-6","volume":"110","author":"S Janett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Janett S, Milani GP, Far\u00e9 PB, Renzi S, Giannini O, Bianchetti MG, Lava SA (2019) Pyuria and microbiology in acute bacterial focal nephritis: a systematic review. Minerva Med 110(3):232\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S0026-4806.19.06002-6","journal-title":"Minerva Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"5676_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9343(00)00496-4","volume":"109","author":"MA Perazella","year":"2000","unstructured":"Perazella MA (2000) Drug-induced hyperkalemia: old culprits and new offenders. Am J Med 109(4):307\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9343(00)00496-4","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"5676_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2009.17","volume":"5","author":"R Zietse","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zietse R, Zoutendijk R, Hoorn EJ (2009) Fluid, electrolyte and acid-base disorders associated with antibiotic therapy. Nat Rev Nephrol 5(4):193\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneph.2009.17","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"5676_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90649-8","volume":"83","author":"HM Chung","year":"1987","unstructured":"Chung HM, Kluge R, Schrier RW, Anderson RJ (1987) Clinical assessment of extracellular fluid volume in hyponatremia. Am J Med 83:905\u2013908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90649-8","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"5676_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2001.tb00790.x","volume":"90","author":"HH Miozzari","year":"2001","unstructured":"Miozzari HH, T\u00f6nz M, von Vigier RO, Bianchetti MG (2001) Fluid resuscitation in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Acta Paediatr 90:511\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2001.tb00790.x","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"5676_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-015-0154-2","volume":"41","author":"M Santi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Santi M, Lava SA, Camozzi P, Giannini O, Milani GP, Simonetti GD, Fossali EF, Bianchetti MG, Far\u00e9 PB (2015) The great fluid debate: saline or so-called \u201cbalanced\u201d salt solutions? Ital J Pediatr 41:47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-015-0154-2","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"5676_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sterns RH, Rondon-Berrios H, Adrogu\u00e9 HJ, Berl T, Burst V, Cohen DM, Christ-Crain M, Cuesta M, Decaux G, Emmett M, Garrahy A, Gankam-Kengne F, Hix JK, Hoorn EJ, Kamel KS, Madias NE, Peri A, Refardt J, Rosner MH, Sherlock M, Silver SM, Soupart A, Thompson CJ, Verbalis JG; PRONATREOUS Investigators (2016) Treatment guidelines for hyponatremia: stay the course. Clin J Am SocNephrol 19(1):129\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000244","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000244"},{"issue":"7","key":"5676_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23671","volume":"52","author":"C Lavagno","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lavagno C, Milani GP, Uestuener P, Simonetti GD, Casaulta C, Bianchetti MG, Far\u00e9 PB, Lava SAG (2017) Hyponatremia in children with acute respiratory infections: a reappraisal. Pediatr Pulmonol 52(7):962\u2013967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.23671","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5676_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2021-322080","volume":"107","author":"M Rubens","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rubens M, Kanaris C (2023) Fifteen-minute consultation: emergency management of children presenting with hyperkalaemia. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 107(5):344\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2021-322080","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed"},{"issue":"10372","key":"5676_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01330-7","volume":"401","author":"MK Auer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Auer MK, Nordenstr\u00f6m A, Lajic S, Reisch N (2023) Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Lancet 401(10372):227\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01330-7","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-024-05676-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-024-05676-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-024-05676-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T07:04:57Z","timestamp":1726729497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-024-05676-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5676"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-024-05676-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 June 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 July 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Gregorio P Milani is one of the Editors of European Journal of Pediatrics","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they used generative artificial intelligence to improve the readability and language of the manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Generative artificial intelligence"}}]}}