{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T23:45:11Z","timestamp":1793317511717,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Research Foundation of Helsinki University Hospital, HUS Medical Imaging Center"},{"name":"The Research Foundation of Helsinki University Hospital, Head and Neck Center"},{"name":"Finnish Society for Study of Infectious Diseases"},{"name":"The Finnish ORL-HNS Foundation"},{"name":"Pediatric Research Center (PRC), Helsinki, Finland"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007797","name":"University of Helsinki","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007797","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The purpose of this study is to evaluate childhood bacterial meningitis (BM): incidence, clinical presentation, causative pathogens, diagnostics, and outcome (neurological sequelae, hearing loss, and death). A retrospective review of all children aged\u2009\u2264\u200916 years and 1 month diagnosed with BM at a tertiary children\u2019s centre in the period 2010\u20132020. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used to assess outcome, with a GOS score of 1\u20134 considered to be an unfavourable outcome. Logistic regression univariate analysis was used to determine predefined risk factors for death, unfavourable outcome, and long-term neurological sequelae. Seventy-four patients (44 males) with a median age of 8.0 months (range 1 day to 16 years and 1 month) and 77 BM episodes were included in the study. The average incidence rate of BM was 2.2\/100,000\/year, the majority (91%) being community-acquired BM.\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumonia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    were the most common pathogens 12\/77 (16%) each. Neurological sequelae at discharge were present in 24 (34%) patients, unfavourable outcome in 19 (25%), and hearing loss (deafness) in two (3%) survivors of BM. Seven (9%) patients died. Long-term neurological sequelae were observed in 19\/60 (32%), aphasia\/dysphasia being the most common in 10 (17%) BM children. No independent risk factors were identified for long-term neurological sequelae in univariate analysis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n                    The risk for a fatal course of BM is still remarkable. Neurological sequelae persisted in a substantial proportion of BM survivors in long-term follow-up, aphasia\/dysphasia being the most common. Hearing loss (deafness) occurred in 3%. However, no specific risk factors predicting the long-term sequelae were found.\n                    <jats:table-wrap>\n                      <jats:table>\n                        <jats:tbody>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td align=\"left\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Streptococcus pneumonia and Neisseria meningitidis were the most common pathogens causing bacterial meningitis.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Risk for fatal course of bacterial meningitis (BM) remains remarkable despite advances in modern medicine.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td align=\"left\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 In long-term follow-up, 1\/3 of BM children suffered from neurological sequelae in the 2010s, aphasia and dysphasia being the most common sequelae.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Hearing loss was diagnosed in only two (3%) children, whom of both were deaf.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                        <\/jats:tbody>\n                      <\/jats:table>\n                    <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-024-05788-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T05:01:53Z","timestamp":1727672513000},"page":"5203-5212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Neurological sequelae after childhood bacterial meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"183","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8568-1997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Lempinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2622-585X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riste","family":"Saat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8479-9096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakke","family":"Niemel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5109-6944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anu","family":"Laulajainen-Hongisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0138-8532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti A.","family":"Aarnisalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2157-4567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tea","family":"Nieminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1945-4008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jussi","family":"Jero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"5788_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30387-9","volume":"17","author":"JR Zunt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zunt JR, Kassebaum NJ, Blake N et al (2018) Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. 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Approval from the local Ethics Committee was not required for a retrospective type of study in the Helsinki University Hospital region when the study was conducted.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}