{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:44:36Z","timestamp":1790750676320,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"A grant from Mie Prefecture Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine training project","award":["2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To evaluate pulmonary hemodynamics in patients who had been followed up for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) in the mid-term by right heart catheterization (RHC). A retrospective study was conducted among 56 patients who were born at a gestational age\u2009&lt;\u200928\u00a0weeks during 2018\u20132020, and the consecutive patients complicated by BPD and ultrasound-defined PH (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910, 18%), of whom 7 patients were treated with sildenafil, were examined by RHC in the mid-term follow-up (median age: 25\u00a0months [IQR: 19\u201332]). Ultrasound study at RHC showed improvement in PH as represented by left ventricular end-systolic eccentricity index (median [IQR], 1.05 [IQR: 1.03\u20131.06] vs. 1.18 [IQR: 1.15\u20131.33]), pulmonary artery acceleration time (PAAT) (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD, 97.3\u2009\u00b1\u200918.2 vs. 55.2\u2009\u00b1\u200910.1) and a ratio of PAAT to right ventricular ejection time (0.35\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05 vs. 0.25\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04) compared with those at 40\u00a0weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, respectively). RHC (mean pulmonary artery [PA] pressure: 21 [19\u201322] mmHg; pulmonary vascular resistance index [PVRi]: 2.63 [1.95\u20132.94] Wood Units\u00b7m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) revealed that 5 infants (50%) had mild PH (21\u201324\u00a0mmHg) and\u00a0reduced peripheral PAs by pulmonary wedge angiography.\u00a0The presence of emphysema on chest CT at 40\u00a0weeks of PMA and moderate\/marked reduction of contrast filling in peripheral PAs on angiography were correlated with increased PVRi (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, respectively). <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: We observed that even after apparent resolution of ultrasound-defined PH, half of patients had catheterization-defined PH and vasculopathy at 2\u00a0years of age. These findings warrant long-term follow-up studies of BPD-associated PH.<jats:table-wrap>\n              <jats:table>\n                <jats:tbody>\n                  <jats:tr>\n                    <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                      <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>\u2022\u00a0Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with increased mortality in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>(BPD). Mortality in patients with BPD-associated PH predominantly occurs within the first 6 months of life and most\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>patients who survive beyond 6 months show resolution of PH on echocardiography by 2 to 3 years of age.<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>\u2022\u00a0Even after the resolution of echocardiography-derived PH in infants with BPD-associated PH in the mid-term, the\u00a0majority of such patients have abnormal pulmonary vasculature with PH or mildly elevated pulmonary artery\u00a0pressure on right heart catheterization (RHC), indicating that echocardiography is insufficient and RHC may be\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>necessary to follow up this population of patients<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:td>\n                  <\/jats:tr>\n                <\/jats:tbody>\n              <\/jats:table>\n            <\/jats:table-wrap>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-024-05843-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T23:32:36Z","timestamp":1731972756000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Persistent pulmonary hypertension in children after apparent resolution of ultrasound-defined pulmonary hypertension associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Mami","family":"Takeoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8069-5751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihide","family":"Mitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Ohashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Yodoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunobu","family":"Ohya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Tsuboya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Hirayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"5843_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.10.2109111c","volume":"164","author":"SH Abman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Abman SH (2001) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: \u201ca vascular hypothesis.\u201d Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:1755\u20131756","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"5843_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2019-318531","volume":"106","author":"S Arjaans","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arjaans S, Haarman MG, Roofthooft MTR, Fries MWF, Kooi EMW, Bos AF, Berger RMF (2021) Fate of pulmonary hypertension associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia beyond 36 weeks postmenstrual age. 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