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We conducted a scoping review in five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Medline, PsychInfo, and Web of Science), including peer-reviewed studies that describe health problems in children with PIMD. Articles on PIMD were included when mentioning children with severe or profound intellectual disability (IQ\/DQ\u2009&lt;\u200935 or developmental age\u2009&lt;\u200924\u00a0months) AND severe\/profound motor impairment (GMFCS IV\/V, non-ambulatory\/not walking without support or gross motor function measure (GMFM-66) score\u2009&lt;\u200940). Health problems were divided into 11 different categories based on literature and the experiences of the authors.\u00a0Both health problems reported by caregivers and\u00a0diagnosed by health professionals were included. A data extraction tool was developed using the JBI checklist recommendations. The review included 22 studies, with a total of 894 patients across all the articles. The most reported health problems in children with PIMD were epilepsy, respiratory infections, feeding difficulties, GERD, scoliosis, and visual impairment. There was no uniformity in the definition and terminology of PIMD.\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    : The studies in this review covered a wide range of health problems, with only a few focusing on the entire range. Given the lack of knowledge about children with PIMD, further research is required on the presence of health problems, the age of onset, and appropriate treatments. Awareness, early detection, and treatment of the health problems could optimize the medical care and quality of life of children with PIMD.\n                    <jats:table-wrap>\n                      <jats:table>\n                        <jats:tbody>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td align=\"left\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) have severe intellectual and motor disabilities and various comorbidities.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Children often visit the hospital and provided\u00a0care is complex and fragmented.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td align=\"left\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Children with PIMD develop a wide range of health problems; most reported are epilepsy, respiratory infections, and feeding difficulties.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Little is known about treatment\u00a0of health problems\u00a0in\u00a0children with PIMD.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                        <\/jats:tbody>\n                      <\/jats:table>\n                    <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-024-05876-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T03:38:50Z","timestamp":1733456330000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Health problems in children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"184","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0240-828X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lian M.","family":"Zandbelt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7194-8734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther J. 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