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A total of\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009950 adolescents completed an adapted version of the PCSI-SR13. Prior to establishing reference values using percentiles, psychometric properties (i.e., reliability and factorial validity) and regression analyses were examined to identify factors contributing to PCSI-SR13 scores. In addition, construct assessment in the general population sample was compared to that in the pTBI sample (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009234) using measurement invariance analyses and direct comparisons at the score levels. The results indicate good reliability (Cronbach\u2019s\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and McDonald\u2019s\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>\n                    of 0.97 each). The four-factor structure covering physical, emotional, cognitive, and fatigue symptom groups could be replicated with\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (183)\u2009=\u2009995.96,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/df\u2009=\u20095.44, CFI\u2009=\u20090.99, TLI\u2009=\u20090.98, RMSEA (90% CI)\u2009=\u20090.068 (0.064, 0.073), SRMR\u2009=\u20090.03. With minor restrictions, the assessment of symptoms was comparable between the general population and the pTBI samples. Participants in the pTBI sample reported a significantly higher symptom burden than those in the general population sample. Reference values were provided using the total sample without further stratification.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n                    For the German post version of the PCSI-SR13, reference values are now available for direct score comparisons and for drawing conclusions about the clinical relevance of the reported symptoms, while considering the prevalence in a comparable general population without a history of pTBI.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Trial registration:<\/jats:italic>\n                    The study is retrospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register and in the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ID DRKS00032854).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:table-wrap>\n                      <jats:table>\n                        <jats:tbody>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td align=\"left\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td align=\"left\">\n                              \u2022\n                              <jats:italic>Pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) is a major cause of death and disability, with a wide range of incidence rates and symptoms that interfere with daily functioning and recovery.<\/jats:italic>\n                              \u2022\n                              <jats:italic>The Postconcussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI), including recently translated and validated German versions, is a recommended tool for measuring self-reported symptoms in affected children and adolescents.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td align=\"left\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td align=\"left\">\n                              \u2022\n                              <jats:italic>This study provides German-specific reference values for the PCSI-SR13, allowing health care professionals to better differentiate between symptoms that may occur in the general adolescent population with and without chronic health conditions and those caused by pTBI.<\/jats:italic>\n                              \u2022\n                              <jats:italic>It highlights that adolescents with chronic health conditions but without a history of pTBI often report higher levels of emotional symptoms and fatigue, emphasizing the importance of a nuanced clinical assessment, including medical history.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                        <\/jats:tbody>\n                      <\/jats:table>\n                    <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-024-05906-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T07:45:47Z","timestamp":1734939947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reference values for the adolescent post version of the Postconcussion Symptom Inventory from the German general 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