{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T15:38:53Z","timestamp":1781624333968,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["BMBF 01KX2121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF 01KX2121"]}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein - Campus L\u00fcbeck"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Lack of a control group(s) and selection bias were the main criticisms of previous studies investigating the prevalence of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome (PCS). There are insufficient data regarding paediatric PCS, particularly in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron era. As such, our study investigated PCS-associated symptoms in a representative control-matched cohort.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This multicentre, cross-sectional, cohort study within the \u201cImmunebridge\u201d project of the German Network University Medicine (NUM) recruited children and adolescents (five to 17\u00a0years old) between July and October 2022. Children with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2022 (COVID-19 group) were compared with those without history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and negative for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Queries included vaccinations, quality of life (QoL), and mental and physical symptoms potentially associated with PCS in the previous three months. An additional composite item, \u201cphysical performance\u201d, was created from the responses.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The number of children with\u2009\u2265\u20091 PCS symptom(s) was comparable between the COVID-19 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009114 [62.1%]) and control (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200966 [64.9%]) groups. Concentration disorders were reported more frequently in the COVID-19 group (12.3% versus 1.5%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012) and \u201cphysical performance\u201d was significantly impaired (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016) regardless of age, sex, and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The frequencies of other symptoms were similar in both groups. The COVID-19 group rated their fitness as worse, with otherwise equal QoL ratings regarding general and mental health.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic> Children with and without previous infections did not differ in most PCS-associated symptoms. Exceptions\nincluded physical performance and cognitive problems, which appeared to be more impaired after Omicron infection than\nin controls.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:table-wrap><jats:table><jats:tbody>\n                      <jats:tr>\n                        <jats:td align=\"left\"><jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\u2022 <jats:italic>Mainly due to too few controlled studies, knowledge about the prevalence of individual symptoms in paediatric post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) for the Omicron era is poor.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                      <\/jats:tr>\n                      <jats:tr>\n                        <jats:td align=\"left\"><jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\u2022 <jats:italic>In a representative control-matched cohort most parent-reported PCS-associated symptoms and quality of life scores in children and adolescents with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection did not differ from those without infection.<\/jats:italic>\u2022 <jats:italic>Exceptions were physical performance and cognitive problems, which were apparently more severely impaired after SARS-CoV-2-Omicron infection than in the control subjects.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:td>\n                      <\/jats:tr>\n                    <\/jats:tbody><\/jats:table><\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-024-05919-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T04:47:36Z","timestamp":1734756456000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Post-coronavirus disease 2019\u2013associated symptoms among children and adolescents in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron era"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Schlegtendal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"H\u00f6pner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Petersmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denisa","family":"Drinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Berner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"L\u00fccke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Toepfner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Folke","family":"Brinkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"5919_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01214-4","volume":"400","author":"AV Ballering","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ballering AV, van Zon SKR, Olde Hartman TC et al (2022) Persistence of somatic symptoms after COVID-19 in the Netherlands: an observational cohort study. Lancet 400:452\u2013461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01214-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5919_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00022-0","volume":"6","author":"T Stephenson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stephenson T, Pinto Pereira SM, Shafran R et al (2022) Physical and mental health 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection (long COVID) among adolescents in England (CLoCk): a national matched cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 6:230\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00022-0","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"5919_CR3","unstructured":"WHO (2023) Post_COVID-19_condition. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-2019-nCoV-Post-COVID-19-condition-CA-Clinical-case-definition-2023-1"},{"key":"5919_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9950","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13495-5","volume":"12","author":"S Lopez-Leon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lopez-Leon S, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Del Ayuzo Valle NC et al (2022) Long-COVID in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Sci Rep 12:9950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-13495-5","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5919_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000003715","volume":"41","author":"F Miller","year":"2022","unstructured":"Miller F, Nguyen V, Navaratnam AM et al (2022) Prevalence and characteristics of persistent symptoms in children during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from a household cohort study in England and Wales. Pediatr Infect Dis J 41:979\u2013984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/INF.0000000000003715","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"5919_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(21)00198-X","volume":"5","author":"E Molteni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Molteni E, Sudre CH, Canas LS et al (2021) Illness duration and symptom profile in symptomatic UK school-aged children tested for SARS-CoV-2. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 5:708\u2013718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(21)00198-X","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"5919_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.11880","volume":"326","author":"T Radtke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Radtke T, Ulyte A, Puhan MA et al (2021) Long-term symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents. JAMA 326:869\u2013871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.11880","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5919_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Doenhardt M, Gano C, Sorg A-L et al. (2022) Burden of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 hospitalizations during the omicron wave in Germany. Viruses 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v14102102","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102102"},{"key":"5919_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00027-X","volume":"6","author":"J Cloete","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cloete J, Kruger A, Masha M et al (2022) Paediatric hospitalisations due to COVID-19 during the first SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) variant wave in South Africa: a multicentre observational study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 6:294\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00027-X","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"5919_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2022.0355","volume":"119","author":"R Ott","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ott R, Achenbach P, Ewald DA et al (2022) SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in preschool and school-age children\u2014population screening findings from January 2020 to June 2022. Dtsch Arztebl Int 119:765\u2013770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.m2022.0355","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"5919_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02052-5","volume":"51","author":"G Engels","year":"2023","unstructured":"Engels G, Oechsle A-L, Schlegtendal A et al (2023) SARS-CoV-2 sero-immunity and quality of life in children and adolescents in relation to infections and vaccinations: the IMMUNEBRIDGE KIDS cross-sectional study, 2022. Infection 51:1531\u20131539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02052-5","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"5919_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101786","volume":"56","author":"R Naeimi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Naeimi R, Sepidarkish M, Mollalo A et al (2023) SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 56:101786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101786","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"5919_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00941-2","volume":"399","author":"M Antonelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Antonelli M, Pujol JC, Spector TD et al (2022) Risk of long COVID associated with delta versus omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2. Lancet 399:2263\u20132264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00941-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5919_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-de-Las-Pe\u00f1as C, Notarte KI, Peligro PJ et al. (2022) Long-COVID symptoms in individuals infected with different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: a systematic review of the literature. Viruses 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v14122629","DOI":"10.3390\/v14122629"},{"key":"5919_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Buonsenso D, Pazukhina E, Gentili C et al. (2022) The Prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of persistent symptoms in non-hospitalized and hospitalized children with SARS-CoV-2 infection followed-up for up to 12 months: a prospective, cohort study in Rome Italy. J Clin Med 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11226772","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11226772"},{"key":"5919_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2023.113463","volume":"259","author":"SM Pinto Pereira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pinto Pereira SM, Mensah A, Nugawela MD et al (2023) Long COVID in children and young after infection or reinfection with the Omicron variant: a prospective observational study. J Pediatr 259:113463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2023.113463","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"5919_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-03221-x","volume":"22","author":"E Pazukhina","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pazukhina E, Rumyantsev M, Baimukhambetova D et al (2024) Event rates and incidence of post-COVID-19 condition in hospitalised SARS-CoV-2 positive children and young people and controls across different pandemic waves: exposure-stratified prospective cohort study in Moscow (StopCOVID). BMC Med 22:48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-023-03221-x","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"5919_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2023-112338","author":"TB H\u00f8eg","year":"2023","unstructured":"H\u00f8eg TB, Ladhani S, Prasad V (2023) How methodological pitfalls have created widespread misunderstanding about long COVID. BMJ Evid Based Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjebm-2023-112338","journal-title":"BMJ Evid Based Med"},{"key":"5919_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02071-2","volume":"52","author":"B Lange","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lange B, Jaeger VK, Harries M et al (2024) Estimates of protection levels against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 in Germany before the 2022\/2023 winter season: the IMMUNEBRIDGE project. Infection 52:139\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02071-2","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"5919_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e049876","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-049876","volume":"11","author":"C Kirsten","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kirsten C, Unrath M, L\u00fcck C et al (2021) SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in students and teachers: a longitudinal study from May to October 2020 in German secondary schools. BMJ Open 11:e049876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-049876","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"5919_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.3390\/idr13040088","volume":"13","author":"F Brinkmann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brinkmann F, Diebner HH, Matenar C et al (2021) Longitudinal rise in seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children in Western Germany-a blind spot in epidemiology? Infect Dis Rep 13:957\u2013964. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/idr13040088","journal-title":"Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"5919_CR22","unstructured":"DGKJ https:\/\/www.dgkj.de\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/Meldungen_2022\/Long_COVID_B%C3%B6gen\/4_Long_COVID_Spezielle_Anamnese_.pdf"},{"key":"5919_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2214.2003.00375.x","volume":"29","author":"L K\u00f6hler","year":"2003","unstructured":"K\u00f6hler L, Rigby M (2003) Indicators of children\u2019s development: considerations when constructing a set of national Child Health Indicators for the European Union. Child Care Health Dev 29:551\u2013558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2214.2003.00375.x","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev"},{"key":"5919_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-013-0581-8","volume":"23","author":"CB Forrest","year":"2014","unstructured":"Forrest CB, Bevans KB, Pratiwadi R et al (2014) Development of the PROMIS\u00ae pediatric global health (PGH-7) measure. Qual Life Res 23:1221\u20131231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-013-0581-8","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"5919_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2007.00291.x","volume":"11","author":"U Ravens-Sieberer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ravens-Sieberer U, Gosch A, Rajmil L et al (2008) The KIDSCREEN-52 quality of life measure for children and adolescents: psychometric results from a cross-cultural survey in 13 European countries. Value Health 11:645\u2013658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2007.00291.x","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"5919_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-020-01630-4","volume":"30","author":"C Otto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Otto C, Reiss F, Voss C et al (2021) Mental health and well-being from childhood to adulthood: design, methods and results of the 11-year follow-up of the BELLA study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 30:1559\u20131577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-020-01630-4","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"5919_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-012-1486-3","volume":"55","author":"H H\u00f6lling","year":"2012","unstructured":"H\u00f6lling H, Schlack R, Kamtsiuris P et al (2012) Die KiGGS-Studie. Bundesweit repr\u00e4sentative L\u00e4ngs- und Querschnittstudie zur Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen im Rahmen des Gesundheitsmonitorings am Robert Koch-Institut (The KiGGS study. Nationwide representative longitudinal and cross-sectional study on the health of children and adolescents within the framework of health monitoring at the Robert Koch Institute). Bundesgesundheitsbl Gesundheitsforsch Gesundheitsschutz 55:836\u2013842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00103-012-1486-3","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsbl Gesundheitsforsch Gesundheitsschutz"},{"key":"5919_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04345-z","volume":"181","author":"L Borch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Borch L, Holm M, Knudsen M et al (2022) Long COVID symptoms and duration in SARS-CoV-2 positive children - a nationwide cohort study. Eur J Pediatr 181:1597\u20131607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04345-z","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"5919_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2022.06.022","volume":"71","author":"U Ravens-Sieberer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ravens-Sieberer U, Erhart M, Devine J et al (2022) Child and adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of the three-wave longitudinal COPSY study. J Adolesc Health 71:570\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2022.06.022","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"5919_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06166-y","volume":"12","author":"J Blankenburg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Blankenburg J, Wekenborg MK, Reichert J et al (2022) Comparison of mental health outcomes in seropositive and seronegative adolescents during the COVID19 pandemic. Sci Rep 12:2246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-06166-y","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5919_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2022-0434","volume":"20","author":"J Scales","year":"2023","unstructured":"Scales J, Chavda J, Ikeda E et al (2023) Device-measured change in physical activity in primary school children during the UK COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: a longitudinal study. J Phys Act Health 20:639\u2013647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jpah.2022-0434","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"},{"key":"5919_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1159\/000529116","volume":"16","author":"S Weihrauch-Bl\u00fcher","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weihrauch-Bl\u00fcher S, Huizinga O, Joisten C et al (2023) Changes in lifestyle and body weight in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a representative survey of parents in Germany. Obes Facts 16:301\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000529116","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"key":"5919_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-023-01441-1","volume":"20","author":"R Jago","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jago R, Salway R, House D et al (2023) Short and medium-term effects of the COVID-19 lockdowns on child and parent accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time: a natural experiment. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 20:42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12966-023-01441-1","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"5919_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.3390\/children9060780","volume":"9","author":"J Hussong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hussong J, M\u00f6hler E, K\u00fchn A et al (2022) Mental health and health-related quality of life in German adolescents after the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Children 9:780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children9060780","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"5919_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e603","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2231","volume":"119","author":"KA Rimes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rimes KA, Goodman R, Hotopf M et al (2007) Incidence, prognosis, and risk factors for fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescents: a prospective community study. Pediatrics 119:e603\u2013e609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2006-2231","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"5919_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e449","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1093","volume":"121","author":"M ter Wolbeek","year":"2008","unstructured":"ter Wolbeek M, van Doornen LJP, Kavelaars A et al (2008) Predictors of persistent and new-onset fatigue in adolescent girls. Pediatrics 121:e449\u2013e457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2007-1093","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"5919_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-019-03007-8","volume":"62","author":"L Krause","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krause L, Sarganas G, Thamm R et al (2019) Kopf-, Bauch- und R\u00fcckenschmerzen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland\u202f: Ergebnisse aus KiGGS Welle 2 und Trends (Headache, abdominal and back pain in children and adolescents in Germany\u202f: Results from KiGGS Wave 2 and trends). Bundesgesundheitsbl Gesundheitsforsch Gesundheitsschutz 62:1184\u20131194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00103-019-03007-8","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsbl Gesundheitsforsch Gesundheitsschutz"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-024-05919-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-024-05919-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-024-05919-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T04:49:37Z","timestamp":1734756577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-024-05919-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["5919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-024-05919-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 November 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 December 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 December 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committees of Bochum (reference BO-20\/6927_7) and Dresden (reference BO-EK-156042020).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All children and adolescents provided verbal, and all guardians provided written informed consent to participate in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"NT is vice president of the German Society of Pediatrics Infectious Disease (DGPI e. V.) and treasurer of the Young Infection Medicine Network (jUNITE e.V.). The other authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"96"}}