{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:20:00Z","timestamp":1788520800494,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006389","name":"University of Geneva","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006389","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus(VLS) is an uncommon, often misdiagnosed condition with a chronic course. Children presenting with VLS may have a wide variety of complaints, which complicates diagnosis. The differentiation of symptoms in the course of VLS causes great diagnostic difficulties. Delayed diagnosis may have an impact on vulvar architecture and long-term sexual health, and can often lead to frustration for both the patient and her parents. The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for delayed diagnosis of VLS in girls and adolescents and to investigate the number of different doctors and specialists consulted before the diagnosis of VLS, the symptoms reported, and the clinical presentation at time of diagnosis. We conducted a retrospective descriptive unicentric cohort study by reviewing medical charts of paediatric and adolescent girls diagnosed with VLS in a tertiary Swiss Centre. The average delay from first symptoms to VLS diagnosis was three years. Many symptoms went unrecognised despite consultations with a wide range of specialists. Once topical corticosteroids were prescribed, relief of symptoms was very quick, usually within one month.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: Even for a wealthy country such as Switzerland, with ample access to healthcare and specialists, it still takes a long time to arrive at the correct diagnosis and treatment of VLS. Improving knowledge and understanding of VLS disease among paediatricians and healthcare providers could lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment, and thereby significantly improve patient outcomes.\n<jats:table-wrap>\n              <jats:table>\n                <jats:tbody>\n                  <jats:tr>\n                    <jats:td align=\"left\">\n                      <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\u2022 \u00a0<jats:italic>VLS is a chronic, often misdiagnosed condition with a variety of symptoms in children.<\/jats:italic>\u2022 \u00a0<jats:italic>Delayed diagnosis can impact vulvar anatomy and long-term sexual health.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:td>\n                  <\/jats:tr>\n                  <jats:tr>\n                    <jats:td align=\"left\">\n                      <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\u2022 \u00a0<jats:italic>In Switzerland (Canton od Geneva), the average delay from symptoms to diagnosis is three years, despite specialist access.<\/jats:italic>\u2022\u00a0<jats:italic>Many patients see multiple doctors before diagnosis, highlighting the need for better awareness among healthcare providers.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:td>\n                  <\/jats:tr>\n                <\/jats:tbody>\n              <\/jats:table>\n            <\/jats:table-wrap>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-025-06063-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T10:46:53Z","timestamp":1741430813000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Paediatric and adolescent vulvar lichen sclerosus: delay in diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"184","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4488-2012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria L.","family":"Crofts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dehlia","family":"Moussaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktoriia","family":"Shynkarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Yaron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"6063_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wedel N, Johnson L (2014) \u2018Vulvar Lichen sclerosus: Diagnosis and Management\u2019. 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The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee (Project-ID 2021\u201302365).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this work the authors used ChatGPT in order to improve the readability and language of the manuscript. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"232"}}