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Participants were children and adolescents aged 8\u201319 years old consulting the general practitioner with self-reported musculoskeletal pain completed a questionnaire at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. No interventions were applied. The primary outcome was activity-limiting pain at 6 months, regardless of pain location.\u00a0We included one hundred children and adolescents (median age 13 years interquartile range 12\u201316.5, 55% female) with a follow-up rate of 70% at 6 months and 67% at 12 months. The most common pain site was the knee. After 6 months, 36% reported activity-limiting pain and 42% reported multi-site pain. After 12 months, 26% reported activity-limiting pain. Children and adolescents who felt nervous (odds ratio (OR) 4.2 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4\u201312.5) or tired during the day (OR 2.9 95% CI 1.1\u20137.7), with 1\u20137 days of pain episodes (OR 7.1 95% CI 1.8\u201328.9), who used pain medication (OR 5.4 95% CI 1.6\u201318.4), had difficulties falling asleep (OR 4.8 95% CI 1.7\u201313.9), carrying a schoolbag (OR 3.8 95% CI 1.1\u201313.1), or bending down to put on socks due to pain (OR 4.1 95% CI 1.3\u201313.2) had a higher risk of pain after 6 months.\u00a0<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>:\u00a0One-third of adolescents consulting their GP for MSK pain continue to experience activity-limiting pain at 6 months. This highlights the need for early identification of risk factors and a biopsychosocial approach to pain management in general practice. This study was performed at the Center for General Practice at Aalborg University, Fyrkildevej 7 1st floor, 9220 Aalborg \u00d8, Denmark. This work was supported by the Multidisciplinary Committee (MPU) providing a grant used for compensation for the general practice clinic\u2019s time spent on recruitment [grant number ID: MPU 20\u20132017\/date 100117]. ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier NCT03678922) and link: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03678922?term=NCT03678922&amp;rank=1.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:table-wrap>\n                <jats:table>\n                  <jats:tbody>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td align=\"left\">\n                        <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\n                      <\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td align=\"left\">\u2022\u00a0<jats:italic>Musculoskeletal pain, among other pain sites; headache and abdominal pain account for most of the recurrent painful states among children and adolescents; they may have a poorer prognosis and the MSK pain a larger impact than realized.<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td align=\"left\">\u2022\u00a0<jats:italic>Many adolescents consult their GP with MSK pain, but there is a lack of data in this setting of early stage management resulting in a limitation in the current body of evidence on the prognosis of adolescent MSK pain complaints is studies based on secondary care population or school-based population.<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td align=\"left\">\n                        <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\n                      <\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td align=\"left\">\u2022\u00a0<jats:italic>A substantial proportion of children and adolescents (36%) continue to experience activity-limiting MSK pain six months after consulting their GP, with 26% still affected after 12 months.<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                    <jats:tr>\n                      <jats:td align=\"left\">\u2022\u00a0<jats:italic>Children and adolescents with persistent MSK pain at six months was characterized by functional difficulties in daily activities, all linked to their pain, - one of the most notable challenges was carrying a schoolbag.<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:td>\n                    <\/jats:tr>\n                  <\/jats:tbody>\n                <\/jats:table>\n              <\/jats:table-wrap>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-025-06217-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T03:34:37Z","timestamp":1748835277000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prognosis and bio-psycho-social prognostic factors in children and adolescents with musculoskeletal pain consulting general practice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Negar","family":"Pourbordbari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin Bach","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens Lykkegaard","family":"Olesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinead","family":"Holden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Skovdal","family":"Rathleff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"6217_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.03.021","volume":"110","author":"A El-Metwally","year":"2004","unstructured":"El-Metwally A, Salminen JJ, Auvinen A, Kautiainen H, Mikkelsson M (2004) Prognosis of non-specific musculoskeletal pain in preadolescents: a prospective 4-year follow-up study till adolescence. 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BMJ (Clinical research ed) 320(7244):1240\u20131243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.320.7244.1240","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed)"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06217-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06217-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06217-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T09:02:08Z","timestamp":1749459728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06217-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["6217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06217-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We followed the PROGRESS Prognostic Research Guidelines [] and reported using the STROBE guidelines []. The Ethics Committee of the North Denmark Region (National Ethics Committee) waived the need for ethical approval of this study (date 090617). The Multidisciplinary Committee (MPU) approved this study and recommended Danish GPs to participate (ID: MPU 20\u20132017\/date 100117), providing a grant as compensation for their time with recruitment. The Danish Data Protection Agency similarly granted access to the project (date 101717). All mentioned reviews were executed prior to protocol registration in ClinicalTrials.gov and to enrollment of the first participant. This study did not intervene in the diagnostic and therapeutic process of the GP consultation. Any given diagnosis or treatment otherwise recommended was not collected. Distribution material will be produced in dissemination of our results among GPs and other healthcare providers managing children and adolescents with MSK pain. This, by data visualization through social media, websites, and patient associations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics and dissemination"}},{"value":"The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of the self-reported data provided.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained according to Danish Regulations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}],"article-number":"384"}}