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This study was a retrospective cohort analysis using data from the Portuguese national prescription database and included all children and adolescents aged 5\u201319 years. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis, modelled using a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) approach, to evaluate the impact on prescription medications while considering two intervention points resulting from government policies: March 2020, marking the start of strict anti-pandemic measures, and May 2021, marking the beginning of their easing. Following the start of strict anti-pandemic measures, from March 2020 to May 2021, a 9% lower prescription rate than expected was observed, while from June 2021 to December 2023, the prescription rate was greater than expected (+\u200932%, with a peak of\u2009+\u200941% in children 5\u20139 years old) and more pronounced in girls. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: These findings highlight the complex impact of the pandemic on different age groups and between genders on the prescription of ADHD medicines.\n<jats:table-wrap>\n              <jats:table>\n                <jats:tbody>\n                  <jats:tr>\n                    <jats:td align=\"left\">\n                      <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\u2022 <jats:italic>ADHD medications are considered effective and have been increasingly prescribed to children and adolescents in recent years.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:td>\n                  <\/jats:tr>\n                  <jats:tr>\n                    <jats:td align=\"left\">\n                      <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\u2022 <jats:italic>Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the increase in ADHD medication prescriptions exceeded expected trends.<\/jats:italic>\u2022 <jats:italic>Stratification by age group and gender revealed gender differences, with a more pronounced rise in prescriptions observed among girls.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:td>\n                  <\/jats:tr>\n                <\/jats:tbody>\n              <\/jats:table>\n            <\/jats:table-wrap>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-025-06229-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T21:33:09Z","timestamp":1749677589000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of COVID-19 pandemic policies on ADHD medication prescriptions among children and adolescents in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"184","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8819-3749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3381-2025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariia","family":"Melnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8400-0013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui Santos","family":"Ivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6754-9319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Furtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"6229_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2022) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5-TR. 5th edn., text revision. 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