{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T15:22:59Z","timestamp":1780413779478,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004375","name":"Tel Aviv University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004375","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Growth assessment in achondroplasia requires disorder-specific growth charts incorporating sex- and age-specific values. Manual calculations are tedious and subject to error. We present an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted tool that automates <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>-score calculations for pediatric patients with achondroplasia. The tool integrates European Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) growth reference data for 9 anthropometric parameters: height, weight, body mass index, head circumference, sitting height, leg length, arm span, relative sitting height, and foot length. It inputs anthropometric measurements and transforms them into sex- and age-specific <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>-scores and percentiles in real time. Ten pediatric endocrinologists independently calculated anthropometric <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>-scores for 3 patients with achondroplasia using both the manual growth charts and the automated tool. Time-to-completion and accuracy were recorded and compared. The mean time required by the AI-assisted tool to calculate <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>-scores for all 9 parameters was significantly shorter than that required by manual calculation (23.4\u2009\u00b1\u20095.8 vs. 10.1\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8\u00a0min, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The tool demonstrated 100% agreement with manual LMS-based calculations and eliminated human errors to which manual calculations are subject, with significantly higher median absolute <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>-score deviation compared to the smart tool (0.17 [0.07\u20130.30] vs. 0 [0\u20130.01], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>:This AI-assisted tool provides a user-friendly, accessible, and highly accurate method for automated growth assessment in pediatric achondroplasia. It facilitates efficient clinical and research applications, with potential for future integration into electronic health records and web-based platforms.\n<jats:table-wrap>\n              <jats:table>\n                <jats:tbody>\n                  <jats:tr>\n                    <jats:td align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\">\n                      <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\u2022<jats:italic>Growth monitoring in achondroplasia requires syndrome-specific Lambda-Mu-Sigma based charts.<\/jats:italic>\u2022<jats:italic>Manual z-score calculations are time-consuming and subject to error.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:td>\n                  <\/jats:tr>\n                  <jats:tr>\n                    <jats:td align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\">\n                      <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\u2022<jats:italic>We present an AI-assisted Excel tool that automates z-scores and percentile calculations for 9 anthropometric parameters.<\/jats:italic>\u2022<jats:italic>Performance and inter-user reliability testing by 10 pediatric endocrinologists showed significantly improved speed and accuracy over manual methods.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:td>\n                  <\/jats:tr>\n                <\/jats:tbody>\n              <\/jats:table>\n            <\/jats:table-wrap>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-025-06321-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T07:40:53Z","timestamp":1752824453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An AI-assisted tool for automated growth monitoring in pediatric achondroplasia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"184","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0083-9443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eyal","family":"Cohen-Sela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5963-0574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yael","family":"Lebenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2742-8264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avivit","family":"Brener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0846-733X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravit","family":"Regev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5605-2462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Hagen\u00e4s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"6321_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-021-02141-4","volume":"16","author":"JE Hoover-Fong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoover-Fong JE, Schulze KJ, Alade AY et al (2021) Growth in achondroplasia including stature, weight, weight-for-height and head circumference from CLARITY: achondroplasia natural history study-a multi-center retrospective cohort study of achondroplasia in the US. 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The research was conducted using publicly available reference datasets in accordance with ethical guidelines and best scientific practices.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"490"}}