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The primary outcome of interest was childhood adiposity. Statistical synthesis was performed using vote counting based on direction of effect, a method used for synthesizing results, by categorizing the effect of each study as beneficial or harmful based on the direction of effect. The inverse variance heterogeneity (IVhet) model, an estimator under the fixed effect model assumption with a quasi-likelihood-based variance structure, was used to conduct a meta-analysis.\u00a0Of the 10,683 records screened, eight were eligible for the systematic review. These studies were conducted in high-income countries and the sample size ranged from 67 to 1238 participants. Of the eight records, three studies were eligible for meta-analysis and five studies were only eligible for vote counting based on direction of effect, as no effect estimates\/95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Three of the five studies synthesized using the vote counting method, found demandingness, authoritative, permissive, neglectful and uninvolved styles to be negatively associated with adiposity in children. Meta-analysis revealed the estimated effects of authoritarian (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090\u00b702, 95% CI\u2009\u2212\u20090\u00b707 to 0\u00b711, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200922\u00b72%, participants\u2009=\u2009933), indulgent\/permissive (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090\u00b703, 95% CI\u2009\u2212\u20090\u00b702 to 0\u00b726, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200958\u00b79%, participants\u2009=\u2009872) and uninvolved\/neglectful (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090\u00b705, 95% CI\u2009\u2212\u20090\u00b7005 to 0\u00b710, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090\u00b70%, participants\u2009=\u2009835) styles on adiposity to be negligible. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: These findings suggest no consistent link between childhood adiposity and various feeding and parenting styles, including authoritarian, uninvolved, neglectful, and authoritative. Most studies had a high risk of bias, and the evidence quality was low.\n<jats:table-wrap>\n              <jats:table>\n                <jats:tbody>\n                  <jats:tr>\n                    <jats:td align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\">\n                      <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>\u2022 To the best of our knowledge, no systematic reviews have been conducted so far focusing on the association between feeding and parenting styles and adiposity in children aged 5\u00a0years and younger.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:td>\n                  <\/jats:tr>\n                  <jats:tr>\n                    <jats:td align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\">\n                      <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>\u2022 This systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies conducted in high income countries found no association between feeding and parenting styles and adiposity in 6\u00a0months \u2013 5-year-old children.<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>\u2022 Methodologically robust future studies are needed to understand the causal relationship of feeding and parenting styles on adiposity in children of this age group.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:td>\n                  <\/jats:tr>\n                <\/jats:tbody>\n              <\/jats:table>\n            <\/jats:table-wrap>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-025-06348-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T17:04:47Z","timestamp":1754327087000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of feeding and parenting styles with adiposity in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"184","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2484-0226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Divya Nair","family":"Haridas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prafulla","family":"Shriyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angham Ibrahim","family":"Tartour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tawanda","family":"Chivese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Onno C. 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