{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T09:37:52Z","timestamp":1793957872581,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-025-06589-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T07:28:04Z","timestamp":1762241284000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Use of milrinone in pediatric intensive care units: a multicenter survey of French-speaking countries"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Manoeuvrier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan","family":"Recher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Grimaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Renolleau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Brissaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Leteurtre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Oualha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"de Marcellus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Groupe Francophone de R\u00e9animation et d\u2019Urgence P\u00e9diatriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"6589_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.03.336","volume":"79","author":"S Amdani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amdani S, Marino BS, Rossano J et al (2022) Burden of pediatric heart failure in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol 79:1917\u20131928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.03.336","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"6589_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-016-0111-2","volume":"6","author":"O Brissaud","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brissaud O, Botte A, Cambonie G et al (2016) Experts\u2019 recommendations for the management of cardiogenic shock in children. Ann Intensive Care 6:14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-016-0111-2","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"6589_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-04884-5","volume":"28","author":"S Williams","year":"2024","unstructured":"Williams S, Kalakoutas A, Olusanya S et al (2024) The management of heart failure cardiogenic shock: an international RAND appropriateness panel. Crit Care 28:105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-024-04884-5","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"6589_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000957","volume":"28","author":"K Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu K, Mathew R (2022) Inotrope and vasopressor use in cardiogenic shock: what, when and why? Curr Opin Crit Care 28:419\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000957","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"6589_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000807","volume":"31","author":"S Del Castillo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Del Castillo S, Shaddy RE, Kantor PF (2019) Update on pediatric heart failure. Curr Opin Pediatr 31:598\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000807","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"6589_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1499","volume":"59","author":"CP Hornik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hornik CP, Yogev R, Mourani PM et al (2019) Population pharmacokinetics of milrinone in infants, children, and adolescents. J Clin Pharmacol 59:1606\u20131619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcph.1499","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"6589_CR7","unstructured":"Drug and Health Product, Milrinone Product Monograph. https:\/\/health-products.canada.ca\/dpd-bdpp\/info?lang=eng&code=86925. Accessed 16 Sep 2025"},{"key":"6589_CR8","unstructured":"Compendium Suisse, Milrinone. https:\/\/compendium.ch\/product\/1145379-milrinon-labatec-sol-inj-10-mg-10ml\/mpro. Accessed 16 Sep 2025"},{"key":"6589_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(98)70454-8","volume":"132","author":"CA Lindsay","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lindsay CA, Barton P, Lawless S et al (1998) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of milrinone lactate in pediatric patients with septic shock. J Pediatr 132:329\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-3476(98)70454-8","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"6589_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31824ea2cd","volume":"14","author":"PJ McNamara","year":"2013","unstructured":"McNamara PJ, Shivananda SP, Sahni M et al (2013) Pharmacology of milrinone in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and suboptimal response to inhaled nitric oxide. Pediatr Crit Care Med 14:74\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31824ea2cd","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"6589_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.108.787176","volume":"1","author":"SK Pasquali","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pasquali SK, Hall M, Slonim AD et al (2008) Off-label use of cardiovascular medications in children hospitalized with congenital and acquired heart disease. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 1:74\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.108.787176","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"6589_CR12","unstructured":"AMM Milrinone. In: VIDAL. https:\/\/www.vidal.fr\/medicaments\/substances\/milrinone-2390.html"},{"key":"6589_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001533","volume":"19","author":"A Cavigelli-Brunner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cavigelli-Brunner A, Hug MI, Dave H et al (2018) Prevention of low cardiac output syndrome after pediatric cardiac surgery: a double-blind randomized clinical pilot study comparing dobutamine and milrinone. Pediatr Crit Care Med 19:619\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001533","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"6589_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2021.03.026","volume":"35","author":"JA DiNardo","year":"2021","unstructured":"DiNardo JA, Nasr VG (2021) Milrinone administration and pediatric cardiac surgery: beloved but sadly misunderstood. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 35:2079\u20132081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2021.03.026","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"6589_CR15","unstructured":"Google Google. (2024). Google forms. https:\/\/workspace.google.com\/intl\/fr\/products\/forms\/"},{"key":"6589_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.080372","volume":"179","author":"KEA Burns","year":"2008","unstructured":"Burns KEA, Duffett M, Kho ME et al (2008) A guide for the design and conduct of self-administered surveys of clinicians. CMAJ 179:245\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.080372","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"6589_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.6.3.e34","volume":"6","author":"G Eysenbach","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eysenbach G (2004) Improving the quality of web surveys: the checklist for reporting results of internet e-surveys (CHERRIES). J Med Internet Res 6:e34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.6.3.e34","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"6589_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15861","volume":"60","author":"MB Pagano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pagano MB, Dunbar NM, Stanworth SJ (2020) How do we design and report a high-quality survey? Transfusion (Paris) 60:2178\u20132184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.15861","journal-title":"Transfusion (Paris)"},{"key":"6589_CR19","unstructured":"Microsot Corporation Microsoft Corporation. (2019). Microsoft Excel. Retrieved from https:\/\/office.microsoft.com\/excel"},{"key":"6589_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H206","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00921.2014","volume":"309","author":"JA Hyldebrandt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hyldebrandt JA, Siv\u00e9n E, Agger P et al (2015) Effects of milrinone and epinephrine or dopamine on biventricular function and hemodynamics in an animal model with right ventricular failure after pulmonary artery banding. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 309:H206\u2013H212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00921.2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"6589_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24776","volume":"56","author":"RD Coleman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Coleman RD, Chartan CA, Mourani PM (2021) Intensive care management of right ventricular failure and pulmonary hypertension crises. Pediatr Pulmonol 56(3):636\u2013648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.24776","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"6589_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","volume":"42","author":"TA McDonagh","year":"2021","unstructured":"McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M et al (2021) 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 42:3599\u20133726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"6589_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199609000-00010","volume":"24","author":"Y Seino","year":"1996","unstructured":"Seino Y, Momomura S, Takano T et al (1996) Multicenter, double-blind study of intravenous milrinone for patients with acute heart failure in Japan. Japan Intravenous Milrinone Investigators. Crit Care Med 24:1490\u20131497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-199609000-00010","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"6589_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248418797357","volume":"24","author":"TC Lewis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lewis TC, Aberle C, Altshuler D et al (2019) Comparative effectiveness and safety between milrinone or dobutamine as initial inotrope therapy in cardiogenic shock. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 24:130\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1074248418797357","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"6589_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2026845","volume":"385","author":"R Mathew","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mathew R, Di Santo P, Jung RG et al (2021) Milrinone as compared with dobutamine in the treatment of cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med 385:516\u2013525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2026845","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"6589_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.109.5.1302","volume":"109","author":"P Barton","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barton P, Garcia J, Kouatli A et al (1996) Hemodynamic effects of i.v. milrinone lactate in pediatric patients with septic shock. A prospective, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, interventional study. Chest 109:1302\u20131312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.109.5.1302","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"6589_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2266-5","volume":"37","author":"W Vogt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vogt W, L\u00e4er S (2011) Drug use patterns for the prevention of paediatric low cardiac output syndrome in Europe. Intensive Care Med 37:1390\u20131391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-011-2266-5","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"6589_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000051365.81920.28","volume":"107","author":"TM Hoffman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hoffman TM, Wernovsky G, Atz AM et al (2003) Efficacy and safety of milrinone in preventing low cardiac output syndrome in infants and children after corrective surgery for congenital heart disease. Circulation 107:996\u20131002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.0000051365.81920.28","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"6589_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.4103\/apc.apc_230_21","volume":"15","author":"M Prajapati","year":"2022","unstructured":"Prajapati M, Patel J, Patel H et al (2022) Assessment of the effect of two regimens of milrinone infusion in paediatric patients with pulmonary artery hypertension undergoing corrective cardiac procedure: a prospective observational study. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 15:358\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/apc.apc_230_21","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"6589_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2008.08.004","volume":"14","author":"C Assad-Kottner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Assad-Kottner C, Chen D, Jahanyar J et al (2008) The use of continuous milrinone therapy as bridge to transplant is safe in patients with short waiting times. J Card Fail 14:839\u2013843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cardfail.2008.08.004","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"6589_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001879","volume":"20","author":"M Hallik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hallik M, Ilmoja M-L, Tasa T et al (2019) Population pharmacokinetics and dosing of milrinone after patent ductus arteriosus ligation in preterm infants. Pediatr Crit Care Med 20:621\u2013629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001879","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"6589_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.120305","volume":"143","author":"TM Hoffman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hoffman TM, Wernovsky G, Atz AM et al (2002) Prophylactic intravenous use of milrinone after cardiac operation in pediatrics (PRIMACORP) study. Prophylactic Intravenous Use of Milrinone After Cardiac Operation in Pediatrics. Am Heart J 143:15\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mhj.2002.120305","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"6589_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16738","volume":"112","author":"S Brown","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brown S, Nolan O, Poole E et al (2023) Long-term milrinone therapy in children with dilated cardiomyopathy. Acta Paediatr 112:1298\u20131303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.16738","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"6589_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F204","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.092817","volume":"92","author":"M Paradisis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Paradisis M, Jiang X, McLachlan AJ et al (2007) Population pharmacokinetics and dosing regimen design of milrinone in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 92:F204-209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.2005.092817","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"6589_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.111404","volume":"141","author":"L Baruch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Baruch L, Patacsil P, Hameed A et al (2001) Pharmacodynamic effects of milrinone with and without a bolus loading infusion. Am Heart J 141:266\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mhj.2001.111404","journal-title":"Am Heart J"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06589-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06589-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06589-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T07:35:21Z","timestamp":1762846521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06589-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["6589"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06589-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 October 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 November 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No ethical committee review was necessary (and thus no number was assigned) because this study did not fall under the board\u2019s guidelines as human subjects\u2019 research.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical considerations"}},{"value":"All heads of the PICU were aware of the survey, and an information letter was attached to the email correspondence. Consent was considered obtained if the respondent agreed to fill the questionnaire.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"730"}}