{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T11:20:24Z","timestamp":1770463224398,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-025-06618-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T17:30:56Z","timestamp":1765819856000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reference ranges of blood glucose values in healthy term neonates in their first days of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis\u00a0"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Hamers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. B. N. J.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Bottema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Villamor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Van Mechelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. E. A.","family":"Spaanderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"6618_CR1","unstructured":"Abramowski A, Ward R, Hamdan AH (2023) Neonatal hypoglycemia. StatPearls.\u00a0https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK537105\/. Accessed Oct 2024"},{"key":"6618_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.06.044","volume":"155","author":"WW Hay Jr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hay WW Jr, Raju TN, Higgins RD, Kalhan SC, Devaskar SU (2009) Knowledge gaps and research needs for understanding and treating neonatal hypoglycemia: workshop report from Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. J Pediatr 155:612\u2013617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.06.044","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"6618_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.05.022","volume":"161","author":"DL Harris","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harris DL, Weston PJ, Harding JE (2012) Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in babies identified as at risk. J Pediatr 161:787\u2013791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.05.022","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"6618_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnc.2018.07.004","volume":"30","author":"ML Puchalski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Puchalski ML, Russell TL, Karlsen KA (2018) Neonatal hypoglycemia: is there a sweet spot? Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 30:467\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cnc.2018.07.004","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"6618_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-025-06082-z","volume":"184","author":"M Garg","year":"2025","unstructured":"Garg M, Devaskar SU (2025) Exploring the long-term impacts of neonatal hypoglycemia to determine a safe threshold for glucose concentrations. Eur J Pediatr 184(4):263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06082-z","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"6618_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2013.09.003","volume":"19","author":"W Tin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tin W (2014) Defining neonatal hypoglycaemia: a continuing debate. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 19:27\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.siny.2013.09.003","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"6618_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1159\/000492859","volume":"115","author":"R Shah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shah R, Harding J, Brown J, McKinlay C (2019) Neonatal glycaemia and neurodevelopmental outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neonatology 115:116\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000492859","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"6618_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life14121618","volume":"14","author":"S Diggikar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Diggikar S, Trif P, Mudura D, Prasath A, Mazela J, Ognean ML, Kramer BW, Galis R (2024) Neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopmental outcomes-an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Life 14:1618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life14121618","journal-title":"Life"},{"issue":"6","key":"6618_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.02.045","volume":"166","author":"CA Stanley","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stanley CA, Rozance PJ, Thornton PS, De Leon DD, Harris D, Haymond MW, Hussain K, Levitsky LL, Murad MH, Simmons RA et al (2015) Re-evaluating \u201ctransitional neonatal hypoglycemia\u201d: mechanism and implications for management. J Pediatr 166(6):1520\u20131525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.02.045","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"6618_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000544","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmed-2023-000544","volume":"9","author":"JE Harding","year":"2024","unstructured":"Harding JE, Alsweiler JM, Edwards TE, McKinlay CJ (2024) Neonatal hypoglycaemia. BMJ Med 9:e000544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjmed-2023-000544","journal-title":"BMJ Med"},{"key":"6618_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-024-01700-7","volume":"24","author":"D Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang D, Zhou X, Ning J, He F, Shi J, Jin X (2024) Risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia: a meta-analysis. BMC Endocr Disord 24:166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-024-01700-7","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"6618_CR12","unstructured":"Richtlijnendatabase: Postnatale zorg in de algemene kindergeneeskunde 2020 cited 2024, oktober. Available from:\u00a0https:\/\/richtlijnendatabase.nl\/richtlijn\/postnatale_zorg_in_de_algemene_kindergeneeskunde\/screening_preventie_en_behandeling_van_neonatale_hypoglycemie\/interventie_of_behandeling_bij_neonatale_hypoglycemie.html. Accessed Oct 2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"6618_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1905593","volume":"382","author":"A van Kempen","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Kempen A, Eskes P, Nuytemans D, van der Lee J, Dijksman L, van Veenendaal N, van der Hulst F, Moonen R, Zimmermann L, van \u2018t Verlaat E et al (2020) HypoEXIT study group lower versus traditional treatment threshold for neonatal hypoglycemia. The New England Journal of Medicine 382(6):534\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1905593","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"6618_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2023.3957","volume":"177","author":"M O\u2019Brien","year":"2023","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien M, Gilchrist C, Sadler L, Hegarty J, Alsweiler J (2023) Infants eligible for neonatal hypoglycemia screening: a systematic review. JAMA Pediatr 177(11):1187\u20131196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2023.3957","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"6618_CR15","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1997) Hypoglycaemia of the newborn: review of the literature. WHO\/CHD\/97.1.\u00a0https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/63362\/1\/WHO_CHD_97.1.pdf. Accessed Oct 2024"},{"key":"6618_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children10071220","volume":"10","author":"S Giouleka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giouleka S, Gkiouleka M, Tsakiridis I, Daniilidou A, Mamopoulos A, Athanasiadis A, Dagklis T (2023) Diagnosis and management of neonatal hypoglycemia: a comprehensive review of guidelines. Children 10:1220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children10071220","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"6618_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14995","volume":"100","author":"K Luo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo K, Tang J, Zhang M, He Y (2024) Systematic review of guidelines on neonatal hypoglycemia. Clin Endocrinol 100:36\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.14995","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"6618_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-931912","volume":"23","author":"AL Alkalay","year":"2006","unstructured":"Alkalay AL, Sarnat HB, Flores-Sarnat L, Elashoff JD, Farber SJ, Simmons CF (2006) Population meta-analysis of low plasma glucose thresholds in full-term normal newborns. Am J Perinatol 23:115\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2006-931912","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"6618_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4","volume":"10","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE et al (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Syst Rev 10:89. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"6618_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","volume":"25","author":"A Stang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stang A (2010) Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol 25:603\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"6618_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.40.212.430","volume":"40","author":"PT Acharya","year":"1965","unstructured":"Acharya PT, Payne WW (1965) Blood chemistry of normal full-term infants in the first 48 hours of life. Arch Dis Child 40:430\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.40.212.430","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"6618_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1177\/026010600101500205","volume":"15","author":"EA Adejuyigbe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Adejuyigbe EA, Fasubaa OB, Ajose OA, Onayade AA (2001) Plasma glucose levels in exclusively breastfed newborns in the first 48 hours of life in Ile-Ife. Niger Nutr Health 15:121\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/026010600101500205","journal-title":"Niger Nutr Health"},{"key":"6618_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.2819","volume":"8","author":"A Ahmad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahmad A, Rukmini MS, Yadav C, Agarwal A, Manjrekar PA, Hegde A (2016) Indices of glucose homeostasis in cord blood in term and preterm newborns. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 8:270\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/jcrpe.2819","journal-title":"J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"6618_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1159\/000097129","volume":"91","author":"G Bossolan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bossolan G, Trindade CE, Barreiros RC (2007) Blood galactose and glucose levels in mothers, cord blood, and 48-hour-old breast-fed full-term infants. Neonatology 91:121\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000097129","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"6618_CR25","first-page":"118","volume":"14","author":"MD Cole","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cole MD, Peevy K (1994) Hypoglycemia in normal neonates appropriate for gestational age. J Perinatol 14:118\u2013120","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"6618_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2005.07.006","volume":"38","author":"J Cousineau","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cousineau J, Anctil S, Carceller A, Gonthier M, Delvin EE (2005) Neonate capillary blood gas reference values. Clin Biochem 38:905\u2013907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2005.07.006","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"6618_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.28.138.134","volume":"28","author":"RD Creery","year":"1953","unstructured":"Creery RD, Parkinson TJ (1953) Blood glucose changes in the newborn. I. The blood glucose pattern of normal infants in the first 12 hours of life. Arch Dis Child 28:134\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.28.138.134","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"6618_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4847.128729","volume":"3","author":"E Dias","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dias E, Gada S (2014) Glucose levels in newborns with special reference to hypoglycemia: a study from rural India. J Clin Neonatol 3:35\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2249-4847.128729","journal-title":"J Clin Neonatol"},{"key":"6618_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F46","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.87.1.f46","volume":"87","author":"KK Diwakar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Diwakar KK, Sasidhar MV (2002) Plasma glucose levels in term infants who are appropriate size for gestation and exclusively breast fed. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 87:F46\u2013F48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/fn.87.1.f46","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"6618_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-18787","volume":"18","author":"S Dollberg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dollberg S, Bauer R, Lubetzky R, Mimouni FB (2001) A reappraisal of neonatal blood chemistry reference ranges using the Nova M electrodes. Am J Perinatol 18:433\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2001-18787","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"6618_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13824","volume":"61","author":"T Futatani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Futatani T, Ina S, Shimao A, Higashiyama H, Fujita S, Igarashi N, Hatasaki K (2019) Exclusive breast-feeding and postnatal changes in blood sodium, ketone, and glucose levels. Pediatr Int 61:471\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ped.13824","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"6618_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-008-0750-x","volume":"168","author":"E Gesteiro","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gesteiro E, Bastida S, S\u00e1nchez-Muniz FJ (2009) Insulin resistance markers in term, normoweight neonates. The M\u00e9rida Cohort Eur J Pediatr 168:281\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-008-0750-x","journal-title":"The M\u00e9rida Cohort Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"6618_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.02.079","volume":"223","author":"DL Harris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harris DL, Weston PJ, Gamble GD, Harding JE (2020) Glucose profiles in healthy term infants in the first 5 days: the glucose in well babies (GLOW) study. J Pediatr 223:34-41.e4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.02.079","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"6618_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(74)80685-2","volume":"84","author":"RJ Harris","year":"1974","unstructured":"Harris RJ (1974) Plasma nonesterified fatty acid and blood glucose levels in healthy and hypoxemic newborn infants. J Pediatr 84:578\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-3476(74)80685-2","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"6618_CR35","unstructured":"Haumont D, Despontin M, Dorchy H (1980) Serum C-peptide, insulin and glucose in normal neonates. Relationship with birth weight and feeding. Le P\u00e9diatre 16:233\u2013245"},{"key":"6618_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.67.4_spec_no.357","volume":"67","author":"JM Hawdon","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hawdon JM, Ward Platt MP, Aynsley-Green A (1992) Patterns of metabolic adaptation for preterm and term infants in the first neonatal week. Arch Dis Child 67:357\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.67.4_spec_no.357","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"6618_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(87)80303-7","volume":"110","author":"LJ Heck","year":"1987","unstructured":"Heck LJ, Erenberg A (1987) Serum glucose levels in term neonates during the first 48 hours of life. J Pediatr 110:119\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-3476(87)80303-7","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"6618_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F117","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.83.2.f117","volume":"83","author":"E Hoseth","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hoseth E, Joergensen A, Ebbesen F, Moeller M (2000) Blood glucose levels in a population of healthy, breast fed, term infants of appropriate size for gestational age. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 83:F117\u2013F119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/fn.83.2.f117","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"6618_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-9-112","volume":"9","author":"SM Hussein","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hussein SM, Salih Y, Rayis DA, Bilal JA, Adam I (2014) Low neonatal blood glucose levels in cesarean-delivered term newborns at Khartoum Hospital, Sudan. Diagn Pathol 9:112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1746-1596-9-112","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"6618_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.42.221.24","volume":"42","author":"Z Laron","year":"1967","unstructured":"Laron Z, Mannheimer S, Nitzan M, Goldman J (1967) Growth hormone, glucose, and free fatty acid levels in mother and infant in normal, diabetic and toxaemic pregnancies. Arch Dis Child 42:24\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.42.221.24","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"6618_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1667293","volume":"36","author":"F Levy-Khademi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Levy-Khademi F, Perry A, Klinger G, Herscovici T, Kasirer Y, Bromiker R (2019) Normal point of care glucose values after birth in the well-baby nursery. Am J Perinatol 36:219\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1667293","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"6618_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.01865.x","volume":"99","author":"R Marom","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marom R, Dollberg S, Mimouni FB, Berger I, Mordechayev N, Ochshorn Y, Mandel D (2010) Neonatal blood glucose concentrations in caesarean and vaginally delivered term infants. Acta Paediatr 99:1474\u20131477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.01865.x","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"6618_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-519","volume":"5","author":"M Melkie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Melkie M, Yigeremu M, Nigussie P, Teka T, Kinde S (2012) Is the difference in neonatal blood glucose concentration of caesarian and vaginally delivered term infants requiring separated reference intervals? BMC Res Notes 5:519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-0500-5-519","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"6618_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02754724","volume":"52","author":"PK Misra","year":"1985","unstructured":"Misra PK, Tiwari DK, Sharma B (1985) Blood sugar, free fatty acids and triglycerides in infants of diabetic mothers. Indian J Pediatr 52:79\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02754724","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"6618_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199604001-01403","volume":"39","author":"S Nath","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nath S, Pildes R, Myers T (1996) Plasma glucose levels in exclusively breastfed term newborns. Pediatr Res 39:233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1203\/00006450-199604001-01403","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"6618_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2333794X1988924","DOI":"10.1177\/2333794X19889243","volume":"6","author":"HR Oliveira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oliveira HR, de Oliveira Toso BRG, Guimar\u00e3es ATB, Viera CS, Grassiolli S, Frizon BJZ, Barreto GMS, Conterno JR, Minosso KC (2019) Glycemia and lipidemia in term newborns correlate with maternal metabolism. Glob Pediatr Health 6:2333794X19889243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2333794X19889243","journal-title":"Glob Pediatr Health"},{"key":"6618_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"SC07","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2015\/14971.6610","volume":"9","author":"P Samayam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Samayam P, Ranganathan PK, Kotari UD, Balasundaram R (2015) Study of asymptomatic hypoglycemia in full term exclusively breastfed neonates in first 48 hours of life. J Clin Diagn Res 9:SC07-SC10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/JCDR\/2015\/14971.6610","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"6618_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-017-0016-7","volume":"13","author":"T Smolkin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smolkin T, Ulanovsky I, Carasso P, Makhoul IR (2017) Standards of admission capillary blood glucose levels in cesarean born neonates. World J Pediatr 13:433\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12519-017-0016-7","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"6618_CR49","first-page":"291","volume":"47","author":"WN Spellacy","year":"1976","unstructured":"Spellacy WN, Buhi WC (1976) Glucagon, insulin and glucose levels in maternal and imbilical cord plasma with studies of placental transfer. Obstet Gynecol 47:291\u2013294","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6618_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(86)80588-1","volume":"109","author":"G Srinivasan","year":"1986","unstructured":"Srinivasan G, Pildes RS, Cattamanchi G, Voora S, Lilien LD (1986) Plasma glucose values in normal neonates: a new look. J Pediatr 109:114\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-3476(86)80588-1","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"6618_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1730-8536","volume":"41","author":"A Stritzke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stritzke A, Ismail R, Rose MS, Lyon AW, Fenton TR (2022) Cord-blood derived chemistry reference values in preterm infants for sodium, chloride, potassium, glucose, and creatinine. Am J Perinatol 41:722\u2013729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1730-8536","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"6618_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-3782(99)00004-3","volume":"55","author":"DG Sweet","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sweet DG, Hadden D, Halliday HL (1999) The effect of early feeding on the neonatal blood glucose level at 1-hour of age. Early Hum Dev 55:63\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0378-3782(99)00004-3","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"6618_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1097\/JPN.0000000000000335","volume":"32","author":"Y Takahashi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Takahashi Y, Tamakoshi K (2018) The positive association between duration of skin-to-skin contact and blood glucose level in full-term infants. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 32:351\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JPN.0000000000000335","journal-title":"J Perinat Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"6618_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/43.1.58","volume":"43","author":"F Tanzer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tanzer F, Yazar N, Yazar H, I\u00e7a\u011fasio\u011flu D (1997) Blood glucose levels and hypoglycaemia in full term neonates during the first 48 hours of life. J Trop Pediatr 43:58\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/tropej\/43.1.58","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"6618_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.01.020","volume":"162","author":"J Valero","year":"2012","unstructured":"Valero J, Desantes D, Perales-Puchalt A, Rubio J, Diago Almela VJ, Perales A (2012) Effect of delayed umbilical cord clamping on blood gas analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 162:21\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.01.020","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"6618_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.1997.tb03554.x","volume":"39","author":"Y Yamauchi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yamauchi Y (1997) Hypoglycemia in healthy, full-term, breast-fed neonates during the early days of life: preliminary observation. Acta Paediatr Jpn 39:S44\u2013S47","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Jpn"},{"key":"6618_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00442435","volume":"132","author":"G Zamboni","year":"1979","unstructured":"Zamboni G, Rigosa C, Mantovanelli F, Valentini A, Albertini A, Zoppi G (1979) Pancreatic endocrine response to the first feed in term newborn infants. Eur J Pediatr 132:189\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00442435","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"6618_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.003","volume":"91","author":"V Zanardo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zanardo V, Mari G, de Luca F, Scambia G, Guerrini P, Straface G (2015) Lactate in cord blood and its relation to fetal gluconeogenesis in at term deliveries. Early Hum Dev 91:165\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.01.003","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"6618_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.10.032","volume":"181","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Bai S, Bornhorst JA, Elhassan NO, Kaiser JR (2017) The effect of early feeding on initial glucose concentrations in term newborns. J Pediatr 181:112\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.10.032","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"6618_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2016.04.001","volume":"43","author":"SU Morton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morton SU, Brodsky D (2016) Fetal physiology and the transition to extrauterine life. Clin Perinatol 43(3):395\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clp.2016.04.001","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"6618_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2005.04.001","volume":"10","author":"M Ward Platt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ward Platt M, Deshpande S (2005) Metabolic adaptation at birth. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 10:341\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.siny.2005.04.001","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"6618_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Committee on Fetus and Newborn, Adamkin DH (2011) Postnatal glucose homeostasis in late-preterm and term infants. Pediatrics 127:575\u2013579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2010-3851","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3851"},{"key":"6618_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334419846128","volume":"35","author":"JM Hawdon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hawdon JM (2019) Identification and management of neonatal hypoglycemia in the full-term infant. British Association of Perinatal Medicine framework for practice, 2017. J Hum Lact 35:521\u2013523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0890334419846128","journal-title":"J Hum Lact"},{"key":"6618_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wight N, Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine (2021) ABM clinical protocol #1: guidelines for glucose monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in term and late preterm neonates, revised 2021. Breastfeed Med 16(5):353\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/bfm.2021.29178.new","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2021.29178.new"},{"issue":"1","key":"6618_CR65","first-page":"1","volume":"24","author":"R Ju","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ju R (2021) Expert consensus on standard clinical management of neonatal hypoglycemia in China. Chin J Contemp Pediatr 24(1):1\u201313","journal-title":"Chin J Contemp Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"6618_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxz134","volume":"24","author":"M Narvey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Narvey M, Marks S (2019) The screening and management of newborns at risk for low blood glucose. Paediatr Child Health 24(8):536\u2013554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pch\/pxz134","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"6618_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.03.057","volume":"167","author":"P Thornton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thornton P, Stanley C, De Leon D, Harris D, Haymond M, Hussain K, Levitsky L, Murad M, Rozance P, Simmons R et al (2015) Recommendations from the Pediatric Endocrine Society for evaluation and management of persistent hypoglycemia in neonates, infants, and children. J Pediatr 167(2):238\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.03.057","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"6618_CR68","unstructured":"Nederlandse Vereniging voor Kindergeneeskunde (2021) Hypoglycemie, Screening, preventie en behandeling van neonatale. Hypoglycemie, Screening, preventie en behandeling van neonatale - De Nederlandse Vereniging voor Kindergeneeskunde. Published February 2021. https:\/\/www.nvk.nl\/kennisdocument\/hypoglycemie-screening-preventie-en-behandeling-van-neonatale\/"},{"key":"6618_CR69","unstructured":"Queensland clinical guidelines. Hypoglycaemia\u2010newborn (2022)\u00a0http:\/\/www.health.qld.gov.au\/qcg. Accessed May 2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"6618_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14955","volume":"109","author":"D Wackernagel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wackernagel D, Gustafsson A, Edstedt Bonamy A, Reims A, Ahlsson F, Elfving M, Domell\u00f6f M, Hansen Pupp I (2020) Swedish national guideline for prevention and treatment of neonatal hypoglycaemia in newborn infants with gestational age \u226535 weeks. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway: 1992) 109(1):31\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.14955","journal-title":"Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway: 1992)"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"6618_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S224","DOI":"10.5152\/TurkPediatriArs.2018.01820","volume":"53","author":"D Aliefendio\u011flu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aliefendio\u011flu D, \u00c7oban A, Hatipo\u011flu N, Ecevit A, Ar\u0131soy A, Ye\u015filtepe G, Ba\u015f F, Bideci A, \u00d6zek E (2018) Management of hypoglycemia in newborn: Turkish Neonatal and Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Societies consensus report. Turk Pediatr Ars 53(Suppl 1):S224\u2013S233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/TurkPediatriArs.2018.01820","journal-title":"Turk Pediatr Ars"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06618-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06618-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06618-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T02:31:16Z","timestamp":1770258676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06618-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["6618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06618-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 October 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"19"}}