{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T20:43:53Z","timestamp":1788381833595,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006034","name":"University of Southern California","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006034","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) often experience growth faltering. However, somatic growth is significantly influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Given the unique genetic and environmental similarities of monozygotic twins, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between CHD and growth faltering, while minimizing the influence of these factors. We retrospectively reviewed data from 41 pairs of twins, where one had CHD and the other did not. Anthropometric measures were collected from birth to 3\u00a0years of age. Growth differences within the CHD group were further analyzed based on disease characteristics, including cyanosis, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), heart failure (HF), and ventricular physiology. Mixed-effects regression models assessed longitudinal differences between twins, and multiple linear regression analyses identified predictors of anthropometric z-scores at 1\u00a0year. The CHD group showed a significant decline in all growth parameters from 1\u00a0year of age (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), with no significant improvement during the observation period. Growth faltering was more common in the CHD group (46.3%) compared to the non-CHD group (7.5%). Within the CHD group, children with HF had significantly lower weight for age z-score and height for age z-score (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Being small for gestational age (SGA) independently predicted lower weight and head circumference at 1\u00a0year.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Children with CHD are at an elevated risk of growth faltering. HF and SGA appear to contribute to growth faltering, highlighting the importance of early recognition and targeted interventions.\n                    <jats:table-wrap>\n                      <jats:table>\n                        <jats:tbody>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is Known<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at increased risk for growth faltering, but the independent effect of CHD is not well established.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is New<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>This twin study aims to control genetic and environmental factors, showing that CHD is associated with lower growth and an increased risk of growth faltering. Among affected twins, growth outcomes also vary by disease and clinical characteristics.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                        <\/jats:tbody>\n                      <\/jats:table>\n                    <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-025-06635-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T06:02:39Z","timestamp":1763445759000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The impact of congenital heart disease on somatic growth: a monozygotic twin study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"184","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3118-1986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. J.","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. J.","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Troy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. A.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. G.","family":"Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. J.","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Daack-Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"6635_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz009","volume":"48","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Y, Chen S, Z\u00fchlke L, Black GC, Choy MK, Li N, Keavney BD (2019) Global birth prevalence of congenital heart defects 1970\u20132017: updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 260 studies. Int J Epidemiol 48:455\u2013463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyz009","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"6635_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199231362.003.0010","volume":"34","author":"C Larson-Nath","year":"2019","unstructured":"Larson-Nath C, Goday P (2019) Malnutrition in children with chronic disease. Nutr Clin Pract 34:349\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/med\/9780199231362.003.0010","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"6635_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607113479972","volume":"37","author":"NM Mehta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mehta NM, Corkins MR, Lyman B, Malone A, Goday PS, Carney L, Schwenk WF (2013) Defining pediatric malnutrition: a paradigm shift toward etiology-related definitions. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 37:460\u2013481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0148607113479972","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"6635_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2004.03090.x","volume":"47","author":"CW Chen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen CW, Li CY, Wang JK (2004) Growth and development of children with congenital heart disease. J Adv Nurs 47:260\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2004.03090.x","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"6635_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.24953\/turkjped.2017.04.011","volume":"59","author":"N El-Koofy","year":"2017","unstructured":"El-Koofy N, Mahmoud AM, Fattouh AM (2017) Nutritional rehabilitation for children with congenital heart disease with left to right shunt. Turk J Pediatr 59:442\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24953\/turkjped.2017.04.011","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"key":"6635_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.176644","volume":"96","author":"CA Okoromah","year":"2011","unstructured":"Okoromah CA, Ekure EN, Lesi FE, Okunowo WO, Tijani BO, Okeiyi JC (2011) Prevalence, profile and predictors of malnutrition in children with congenital heart defects: a case\u2013control observational study. Arch Dis Child 96:354\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.2009.176644","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"6635_CR7","first-page":"829","volume":"83","author":"SZ Cole","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cole SZ, Lanham JS (2011) Failure to thrive: an update. Am Fam Physician 83:829\u2013834","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"6635_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Monteiro FPM, Araujo TLd, Cavalcante TF, Leandro TA, and Sampaio Filho SPC (2016) Child growth: concept analysis. Texto & Contexto-Enfermagem, 25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0104-07072016003300014","DOI":"10.1590\/0104-07072016003300014"},{"key":"6635_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2020.03.012","volume":"224","author":"FJ Ross","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ross FJ, Radman M, Jacobs ML, Sassano-Miguel C, Joffe DC, Hill KD, Latham GJ (2020) Associations between anthropometric indices and outcomes of congenital heart operations in infants and young children: an analysis of data from the society of thoracic surgeons database. Am Heart J 224:85\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahj.2020.03.012","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"6635_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2020.0135","volume":"50","author":"WS Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song WS, Kim CY, Lee BS, Kim EA-R, Kim K-S, Jung E (2020) Morbidity and mortality of very low birth weight infants with congenital heart disease. Korean Circ J 50:1113\u20131123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4070\/kcj.2020.0135","journal-title":"Korean Circ J"},{"key":"6635_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.09.009","volume":"146","author":"A Grimberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Grimberg A, Kutikov JK, Cucchiara AJ (2005) Sex differences in patients referred for evaluation of poor growth. J Pediatr 146:212\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.09.009","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"6635_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.6.5.361","volume":"6","author":"D Posthuma","year":"2003","unstructured":"Posthuma D, Beem AL, De Geus EJ, Van Baal GCM, Von Hjelmborg JB, Iachine I, Boomsma DI (2003) Theory and practice in quantitative genetics. Twin Res 6:361\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1375\/twin.6.5.361","journal-title":"Twin Res"},{"key":"6635_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1017\/s0021932003002633","volume":"35","author":"K Silventoinen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Silventoinen K (2003) Determinants of variation in adult body height. J Biosoc Sci 35:263\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0021932003002633","journal-title":"J Biosoc Sci"},{"key":"6635_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.90.4.627","volume":"90","author":"K Silventoinen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Silventoinen K, Kaprio J, Lahelma E, Koskenvuo M (2000) Relative effect of genetic and environmental factors on body height: differences across birth cohorts among Finnish men and women. Am J Public Health 90:627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.90.4.627","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"6635_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000352","volume":"133","author":"KK Stout","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stout KK, Broberg CS, Book WM, Cecchin F, Chen JM, Dimopoulos K, Hsu DT (2016) Chronic heart failure in congenital heart disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 133:770\u2013801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000352","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"6635_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.121.023807","volume":"11","author":"C Limperopoulos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Limperopoulos C, Wessel DL, du Plessis AJ (2022) Understanding the maternal-fetal environment and the birth of prenatal pediatrics. J Am Heart Assoc 11:e023807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.121.023807","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"6635_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093056","author":"A Ghanchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghanchi A, Derridj N, Bonnet D, Bertille N, Salomon LJ, Khoshnood B (2020) Children born with congenital heart defects and growth restriction at birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17093056","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"6635_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951113001960","volume":"23","author":"AA Sochet","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sochet AA, Ayers M, Quezada E, Braley K, Leshko J, Amankwah EK, Dadlani G (2013) The importance of small for gestational age in the risk assessment of infants with critical congenital heart disease. Cardiol Young 23:896\u2013904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1047951113001960","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"6635_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.10.442","volume":"204","author":"M Wallenstein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wallenstein M, Harper L, Odibo A, Roehl K, Macones G, Cahill A (2011) Fetal congenital heart disease and intrauterine growth restriction: a retrospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 204:S171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.10.442","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6635_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Touwslager RN, Gielen M, Derom C, Mulder AL, W.-J.M. Gerver, L.J. Zimmermann, . . . RJ Loos (2011) Determinants of infant growth in four age windows: a twin study. J Pediatrics 158, 566\u2013572. e562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.10.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.10.005"},{"key":"6635_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20748","volume":"20","author":"K Wehkalampi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wehkalampi K, Silventoinen K, Kaprio J, Dick DM, Rose RJ, Pulkkinen L, Dunkel L (2008) Genetic and environmental influences on pubertal timing assessed by height growth. Am J Hum Biol 20:417\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajhb.20748","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"6635_CR22","first-page":"507","volume":"37","author":"H Begi\u0107","year":"2013","unstructured":"Begi\u0107 H, Tahirovi\u0107 H (2013) The impact of delayed cardiac surgery on the postnatal growth of children with congenital heart disease in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Coll Antropol 37:507\u2013513","journal-title":"Coll Antropol"},{"key":"6635_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951115001778","volume":"26","author":"LV Marino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marino LV, Magee A (2016) A cross-sectional audit of the prevalence of stunting in children attending a regional paediatric cardiology service. Cardiol Young 26:787\u2013789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1047951115001778","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"6635_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen CP, Liu YP, Lin SP, Chen M, Tsai FJ, Chen YT, . . . Wang W (2010) Ventriculomegaly, intrauterine growth restriction, and congenital heart defects as salient prenatal sonographic findings of Miller-Dieker lissencephaly syndrome associated with monosomy 17p (17p13.2 --> pter) in a fetus. Taiwanese J Obstetrics Gynecol 49, 81\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1028-4559(10)60015-0","DOI":"10.1016\/s1028-4559(10)60015-0"},{"key":"6635_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1994.tb01359.x","volume":"52","author":"ML Forchielli","year":"1994","unstructured":"Forchielli ML, McColl R, Walker WA, Lo C (1994) Children with congenital heart disease: a nutrition challenge. Nutr Rev 52:348\u2013353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1994.tb01359.x","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"6635_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2021.105349","volume":"156","author":"L Hapuoja","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hapuoja L, Kretschmar O, Rousson V, Dave H, Naef N, Latal B (2021) Somatic growth in children with congenital heart disease at 10 years of age: Risk factors and longitudinal growth. Early Hum Dev 156:105349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2021.105349","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"6635_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Silventoinen K, Bartels M, Posthuma D, Estourgie-van Burk GF, Willemsen G, van Beijsterveldt TC, . . . D.I. Boomsma. (2007) Genetic regulation of growth in height and weight from 3 to 12 years of age: a longitudinal study of Dutch twin children. Twin Res Hum Genet, 10, 354\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1375\/twin.10.2.354","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.10.2.354"},{"key":"6635_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1028","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.170313","volume":"189","author":"AM Ho","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ho AM, Fleming ML, Mizubuti GB (2017) Anesthetic neurotoxicity and the developing brain. CMAJ 189:E1028-e1029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.170313","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"6635_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2752","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.24.2752","volume":"297","author":"M Pao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pao M, Ballard ED, Rosenstein DL (2007) Growing up in the hospital. JAMA 297:2752\u20132755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.297.24.2752","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"6635_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02312960","volume":"3","author":"RB Aisenberg","year":"1982","unstructured":"Aisenberg RB, Rosenthal A, Nadas AS, Wolff PH (1982) Developmental delay in infants with congenital heart disease. Pediatr Cardiol 3:135\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02312960","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"6635_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-973464","volume":"30","author":"J Stieh","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stieh J, Kramer H, Harding P, Fischer G (1999) Gross and fine motor development is impaired in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Neuropediatrics 30:77\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-973464","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"6635_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2012.07.002","volume":"47","author":"G Tal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tal G, Cohen A, Habib S, Tirosh E (2012) Decreased head circumference velocity as related to developmental deficit in infancy. Pediatr Neurol 47:341\u2013344","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"6635_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1086\/682216","volume":"88","author":"JF Harrison","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harrison JF, Shingleton AW, Callier V (2015) Stunted by developing in hypoxia: linking comparative and model organism studies. Physiol Biochem Zool 88:455\u2013470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/682216","journal-title":"Physiol Biochem Zool"},{"key":"6635_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10493","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.rev120.011188","volume":"295","author":"R Singhal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singhal R, Shah YM (2020) Oxygen battle in the gut: Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in metabolic and inflammatory responses in the intestine. J Biol Chem 295:10493\u201310505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.rev120.011188","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"6635_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40348-016-0041-y","volume":"3","author":"NE Zeitouni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zeitouni NE, Chotikatum S, von K\u00f6ckritz-Blickwede M, Naim HY (2016) The impact of hypoxia on intestinal epithelial cell functions: consequences for invasion by bacterial pathogens. Molecular Cellular Pediatrics 3:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40348-016-0041-y","journal-title":"Molecular Cellular Pediatrics"},{"key":"6635_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3329\/jbcps.v36i2.36068","volume":"36","author":"F Chowdhury","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chowdhury F, Hoque M, Ali MM, Hossain MA (2018) Comparison of growth in children with cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease in a tertiary care hospital. J Bangladesh College Physicians Surgeons 36:64\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3329\/jbcps.v36i2.36068","journal-title":"J Bangladesh College Physicians Surgeons"},{"key":"6635_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/00001573-200403000-00002","volume":"19","author":"RE Peterson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Peterson RE, Wetzel GT (2004) Growth failure in congenital heart disease: where are we now? Curr Opin Cardiol 19:81\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00001573-200403000-00002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"6635_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1993.tb00457.x","volume":"29","author":"RG Weintraub","year":"1993","unstructured":"Weintraub RG, Menahem S (1993) Growth and congenital heart disease. J Paediatr Child Health 29:95\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1993.tb00457.x","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"6635_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2024.113901","volume":"267","author":"C Teng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Teng C, Shu D, Faerber JA, Goldenring J, Butto A, Tam V, Olsen R, Glatz AC, Cohen MS (2024) Factors associated with growth in a cohort of children with complex biventricular congenital heart disease. J Pediatr 267:113901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2024.113901","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"6635_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1177\/10547738221075720","volume":"31","author":"SY Irving","year":"2022","unstructured":"Irving SY, Ravishankar C, Miller M, Chittams J, Stallings V, Medoff-Cooper B (2022) Anthropometry based growth and body composition in infants with complex congenital heart disease. Clin Nurs Res 31:931\u2013940. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10547738221075720","journal-title":"Clin Nurs Res"},{"key":"6635_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2009.216135","volume":"10","author":"W Knirsch","year":"2010","unstructured":"Knirsch W, Zingg W, Bernet V, Balmer C, Dimitropoulos A, Pretre R, Bauersfeld U, Latal B (2010) Determinants of body weight gain and association with neurodevelopmental outcome in infants operated for congenital heart disease. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 10:377\u2013382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1510\/icvts.2009.216135","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"6635_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e236","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1157","volume":"131","author":"C Daymont","year":"2013","unstructured":"Daymont C, Neal A, Prosnitz A, Cohen MS (2013) Growth in children with congenital heart disease. Pediatrics 131:e236\u2013e242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2012-1157","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"6635_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05419-w","volume":"183","author":"N Derridj","year":"2024","unstructured":"Derridj N, Calderon J, Bonnet D, Khoshnood B, Monier I, Guedj R (2024) Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm and growth-restricted neonate with congenital heart defect: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Pediatr 183:1967\u20131987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05419-w","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06635-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06635-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06635-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T06:43:45Z","timestamp":1768459425000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06635-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6635"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06635-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 November 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Asan Medical Center institutional Review Board (Date 2021.12.24, No 2021\u20131826).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants (parents) included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"770"}}