{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T07:33:13Z","timestamp":1793863993700,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-025-06717-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T12:25:20Z","timestamp":1768220720000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Vascular access in the newborn: a position paper of Neonatal European Vascular Access Teams (NEVAT)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Barone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiammetta","family":"Piersigilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Pittiruti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"6717_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0b013e318278b907","volume":"13","author":"E Sharpe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sharpe E, Pettit J, Ellsbury DL (2013) A national survey of neonatal peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) practices. Adv Neonatal Care 13:55\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ANC.0b013e318278b907","journal-title":"Adv Neonatal Care"},{"key":"6717_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.980725","volume":"10","author":"M van Rens","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Rens M, Bayoumi MAA, van de Hoogen A, Francia ALV, Cabanillas IJ, van Loon FHJ, Spencer TR (2022) The ABBA project (Assess Better Before Access): a retrospective cohort study of neonatal intravascular device outcomes. Front Pediatr 10:980725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.980725","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"6717_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1177\/1129729819891546","volume":"21","author":"G Barone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barone G, Pittiruti M (2020) Epicutaneo-caval catheters in neonates: new insights and new suggestions from the recent literature. J Vasc Access 21:805\u2013809. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1129729819891546","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.17272","volume":"114","author":"B Moreno-Sanz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moreno-Sanz B, Alferink MT, O\u2019Brien K, Franck LS (2025) Family integrated care: state of art and future perspectives. Acta Paediatr 114:710\u2013730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.17272","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"6717_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-022-00122-0","volume":"7","author":"WT Gattrell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gattrell WT, Hungin AP, Price A, Winchester CC, Tovey D, Hughes EL, van Zuuren EJ, Goldman K, Logullo P, Matheis R, Harrison N (2022) ACCORD guideline for reporting consensus-based methods in biomedical research and clinical practice: a study protocol. Research Integrity and Peer Review 7:3","journal-title":"Research Integrity and Peer Review"},{"key":"6717_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7001.376","volume":"311","author":"J Jones","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jones J, Hunter D (1995) Consensus methods for medical and health services research. BMJ 311:376\u2013380","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"6717_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.74.9.979","volume":"74","author":"A Fink","year":"1984","unstructured":"Fink A, Kosecoff J, Chassin M, Brook RH (1984) Consensus methods: characteristics and guidelines for use. Am J Public Health 74:979\u2013983","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"6717_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-04984-4","author":"G Barone","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barone G, D\u2019Andrea V, Ancora G, Cresi F, Maggio L, Capasso A, Mastroianni R, Pozzi N, Rodriguez-Perez C, Romitti MG et al (2023) The neonatal DAV-expert algorithm: a GAVeCeLT\/GAVePed consensus for the choice of the most appropriate venous access in newborns. Eur J Pediatr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-023-04984-4","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"6717_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van Rens MR, van der Lee R, Spencer TR, van Boxtel T, Barone G, Crocoli A, Pinelli F, Pittiruti M (2024) The NAVIGATE project: A GloVANet-WoCoVA position statement on the nomenclature for vascular access devices. J Vasc Access 11297298241291248.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298241291248","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298241291248"},{"key":"6717_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.5301\/jva.5000558","volume":"17","author":"M Legemaat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Legemaat M, Carr PJ, van Rens RM, van Dijk M, Poslawsky IE, van den Hoogen A (2016) Peripheral intravenous cannulation: complication rates in the neonatal population: a multicenter observational study. J Vasc Access 17:360\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5301\/jva.5000558","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298221098481","volume":"25","author":"V D\u2019Andrea","year":"2024","unstructured":"D\u2019Andrea V, Prontera G, Pezza L, Barone G, Vento G, Pittiruti M (2024) Rapid Superficial Vein Assessment (RaSuVA): a pre-procedural systematic evaluation of superficial veins to optimize venous catheterization in neonates. J Vasc Access 25:303\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298221098481","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298231185536","volume":"25","author":"MF van Rens","year":"2024","unstructured":"van Rens MF, Vijlbrief D, Braun S, Hugill K, van Loon FH, van de Hoogen A (2024) Peripheral intravenous therapy infiltration\/extravasation (PIVIE) risks and the potential for earlier notification of events using a novel sensor technology in a neonatal population. J Vasc Access 25:1801\u20131807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298231185536","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298221080071","volume":"24","author":"MF van Rens","year":"2023","unstructured":"van Rens MF, Hugill K, Mahmah MA, Francia AL, van Loon FH (2023) Effect of peripheral intravenous catheter type and material on therapy failure in a neonatal population. J Vasc Access 24:1284\u20131292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298221080071","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047788","volume":"11","author":"M van Rens","year":"2021","unstructured":"van Rens M, Hugill K, Mahmah MA, Bayoumi M, Francia ALV, Garcia KLP, van Loon FHJ (2021) Evaluation of unmodifiable and potentially modifiable factors affecting peripheral intravenous device-related complications in neonates: a retrospective observational study. BMJ Open 11:e047788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047788","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"6717_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-022-04480-1","volume":"181","author":"S Ferrario","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ferrario S, Sorrentino G, Cavallaro G, Cortinovis I, Traina S, Muscolo S, Agosteo A, Santini G, Lagostina E, Mosca F (2022) Near-infrared system\u2019s efficiency for peripheral intravenous cannulation in a level III neonatal intensive care unit: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Pediatr 181:2747\u20132755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-022-04480-1","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"6717_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000532","volume":"47","author":"B Nickel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nickel B, Gorski L, Kleidon T, Kyes A, DeVries M, Keogh S, Meyer B, Sarver MJ, Crickman R, Ong J et al (2024) Infusion therapy standards of practice, 9th edition. J Infus Nurs 47:S1\u2013S285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000532","journal-title":"J Infus Nurs"},{"key":"6717_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298211057377","volume":"24","author":"MG Romitti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Romitti MG, Perez CR, Pezzotti E, Motta M, Risso FM (2023) Long peripheral catheters in neonates: filling the gap between short peripheral catheters and epicutaneous-caval catheters? J Vasc Access 24:920\u2013925. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298211057377","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2022.87","volume":"43","author":"N Buetti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Buetti N, Marschall J, Drees M, Fakih MG, Hadaway L, Maragakis LL, Monsees E, Novosad S, O\u2019Grady NP, Rupp ME et al (2022) Strategies to prevent central line-associated bloodstream infections in acute-care hospitals: 2022 update. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 43:553\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2022.87","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"6717_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Capasso A, Paonessa A, Ferrara T, Grasso F, Capasso L, Migliaro F, Illiano A, Salome S, Zollo M, Amitrano A et al (2025) Use of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol for skin disinfection during central catheter insertion in premature neonates. J Vasc Access 11297298251330941.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298251330941","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298251330941"},{"key":"6717_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-025-02016-5","volume":"51","author":"V D\u2019Andrea","year":"2025","unstructured":"D\u2019Andrea V, Capasso A, Rodriguez-Perez C, Tota F, Mastroianni R, Prontera G, Barone G (2025) The use of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol for skin disinfection prior to central venous catheterization in infants: a national survey of the Italian Society of Neonatology. Ital J Pediatr 51:172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-025-02016-5","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"6717_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298231154629","volume":"25","author":"MF van Rens","year":"2024","unstructured":"van Rens MF, Spencer TR, Hugill K, Francia AL, van Loon FH, Bayoumi MA (2024) Octyl-butyl-cyanoacrylate glue for securement of peripheral intravenous catheters: a retrospective, observational study in the neonatal population. J Vasc Access 25:1229\u20131237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298231154629","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2022.31.8.S4","volume":"31","author":"M Pittiruti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pittiruti M, Annetta MG, Marche B, D\u2019Andrea V, Scoppettuolo G (2022) Ten years of clinical experience with cyanoacrylate glue for venous access in a 1300-bed university hospital. Br J Nurs 31:S4-s13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/bjon.2022.31.8.S4","journal-title":"Br J Nurs"},{"key":"6717_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298211050485","volume":"24","author":"P Bainbridge","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bainbridge P, Browning P, Bernatchez SF, Blaser C, Hitschmann G (2021) Comparing test methods for moisture-vapor transmission rate (MVTR) for vascular access transparent semipermeable dressings. J Vasc Access 24:11297298211050485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298211050485","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2021.09.017","volume":"61","author":"A Hackett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hackett A, Wells C, Zhang Z, Kero J, Soriano J, Rivera J, Brito A, Guiney J, Leibner E, Kohli-Seth R (2021) Development of a peripheral intravenous access training program for nurses in the pediatric intensive care units. J Pediatr Nurs 61:394\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedn.2021.09.017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"6717_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298231177723","volume":"25","author":"V D\u2019Andrea","year":"2024","unstructured":"D\u2019Andrea V, Prontera G, Carlino R, Di Trani H, Carlettini I, Pittiruti M, Vento G (2024) Optical detection of infiltration during peripheral intravenous infusion in neonates. J Vasc Access 25:1780\u20131785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298231177723","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"6717_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(13)60012-2","volume":"86","author":"HP Loveday","year":"2014","unstructured":"Loveday HP, Wilson JA, Pratt RJ, Golsorkhi M, Tingle A, Bak A, Browne J, Prieto J, Wilcox M (2014) Epic3: national evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections in NHS hospitals in England. J Hosp Infect 86(1):S1-70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0195-6701(13)60012-2","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"6717_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.774705","volume":"9","author":"V D\u2019Andrea","year":"2021","unstructured":"D\u2019Andrea V, Prontera G, Rubortone SA, Pezza L, Pinna G, Barone G, Pittiruti M, Vento G (2021) Umbilical venous catheter update: a narrative review including ultrasound and training. Front Pediatr 9:774705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2021.774705","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"6717_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpp.2015.06.004","volume":"28","author":"D De Luca","year":"2015","unstructured":"De Luca D, Romain O, Yousef N, Andriamanamirija D, Shankar-Aguilera S, Walls E, Sgaggero B, Aube N, Tissi\u00e8res P (2015) Monitorages physiopathologiques en r\u00e9animation n\u00e9onatale. J Pediatr Pueric Nurs 28:276\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpp.2015.06.004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Pueric Nurs"},{"key":"6717_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298211008089","volume":"23","author":"G Barone","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barone G, Natile M, Ancora G (2022) Off label use of PICC as umbilical arterial catheter: clinical case series. J Vasc Access 23:796\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298211008089","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298241236220","volume":"26","author":"G Barone","year":"2025","unstructured":"Barone G, Pittiruti M, Prontera G, Ancora G, D\u2019Andrea V (2025) A novel neonatal protocol for safe insertion of umbilical venous catheters (SIUVeC): minimizing complications in placement and management. J Vasc Access 26:681\u2013686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298241236220","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298211007703","volume":"23","author":"G Barone","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barone G, Pittiruti M, Biasucci DG, Elisei D, Iacobone E, La Greca A, Zito Marinosci G, D\u2019Andrea V (2022) Neo-ECHOTIP: a structured protocol for ultrasound-based tip navigation and tip location during placement of central venous access devices in neonates. J Vasc Access 23:679\u2013688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298211007703","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Faraone V, Pittiruti M, Annetta MG, Barone G, Brescia F, Calabrese M, Capasso A, Capozzoli G, D'Andrea V, D'Arrigo S et al (2025) An Italian expert consensus on the choice of the method of tip location for central venous access devices. J Vasc Access 11297298251336809.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298251336809","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298251336809"},{"key":"6717_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Natile M, Ancora G, D'Andrea V, Pittiruti M, Barone G (2024) A narrative review on tip navigation and tip location of central venous access devices in the neonate: intracavitary ECG or real time ultrasound? J Vasc Access 11297298241259247.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298241259247","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298241259247"},{"key":"6717_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e257","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002919","volume":"23","author":"BW Kozyak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kozyak BW, Fraga MV, Juliano CE, Bhombal S, Munson DA, Brandsma E, Stoller JZ, Jain A, Kesman R, Meshkati M et al (2022) Real-time ultrasound guidance for umbilical venous cannulation in neonates with congenital heart disease. Pediatr Crit Care Med 23:e257\u2013e266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002919","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"6717_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1159\/000538905","volume":"122","author":"V D\u2019Andrea","year":"2025","unstructured":"D\u2019Andrea V, Prontera G, Cota F, Perri A, Russo R, Barone G, Vento G (2025) Real-time ultrasound tip location reduces malposition and radiation exposure during umbilical venous catheter placement in neonates: a retrospective, observational study. Neonatology 122:32\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000538905","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"6717_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15106","volume":"39","author":"M Kishigami","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kishigami M, Shimokaze T, Enomoto M, Shibasaki J, Toyoshima K (2020) Ultrasound-guided umbilical venous catheter insertion with alignment of the umbilical vein and ductus venosus. J Ultrasound Med 39:379\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jum.15106","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"6717_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2023.113517","volume":"260","author":"V D'Andrea","year":"2023","unstructured":"D\u2019Andrea V, Prontera G, Pinna G, Cota F, Fattore S, Costa S, Migliorato M, Barone G, Pittiruti M, Vento G (2023) Securement of umbilical venous catheter using cyanoacrylate glue: a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr 260:113517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2023.113517","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"6717_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children12070819","author":"G Barone","year":"2025","unstructured":"Barone G, Ancora G, Pittiruti M, Prontera G, Vento G, D\u2019Andrea V (2025) A prospective study on the systematic application of the safe insertion umbilical venous catheter (SIUVeC) bundle. Children (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children12070819","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"6717_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D'Andrea V, Pittiruti M, Prontera G, Vento G, Barone G (2024) The SIECC protocol: a novel insertion bundle to minimize the complications related to epicutaneo-cava catheters in neonates. J Vasc Access 11297298241239699.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298241239699","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298241239699"},{"key":"6717_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298221099838","volume":"25","author":"F Brescia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brescia F, Pittiruti M, Spencer TR, Dawson RB (2024) The SIP protocol update: eight strategies, incorporating rapid peripheral vein assessment (RaPeVA), to minimize complications associated with peripherally inserted central catheter insertion. J Vasc Access 25:5\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298221099838","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1177\/1129729818804718","volume":"20","author":"TR Spencer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Spencer TR, Pittiruti M (2019) Rapid central vein assessment (RaCeVA): a systematic, standardized approach for ultrasound assessment before central venous catheterization. J Vasc Access 20:239\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1129729818804718","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1177\/1129729820965063","volume":"22","author":"F Brescia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brescia F, Pittiruti M, Ostroff M, Biasucci DG (2021) Rapid femoral vein assessment (RaFeVA): a systematic protocol for ultrasound evaluation of the veins of the lower limb, so to optimize the insertion of femorally inserted central catheters. J Vasc Access 22:863\u2013872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1129729820965063","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1159\/000496848","volume":"115","author":"G Barone","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barone G, D\u2019Andrea V, Vento G, Pittiruti M (2019) A systematic ultrasound evaluation of the diameter of deep veins in the newborn: results and implications for clinical practice. Neonatology 115:335\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000496848","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"6717_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-2637","volume":"140","author":"TP Nifong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nifong TP, McDevitt TJ (2011) The effect of catheter to vein ratio on blood flow rates in a simulated model of peripherally inserted central venous catheters. Chest 140:48\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.10-2637","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"6717_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2024.1395395","volume":"12","author":"M van Rens","year":"2024","unstructured":"van Rens M, Hugill K, van der Lee R, Francia ALV, van Loon FHJ, Bayoumi MAA (2024) Comparing conventional and modified Seldinger techniques using a micro-insertion kit for PICC placement in neonates: a retrospective cohort study. Front Pediatr 12:1395395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2024.1395395","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"6717_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298211054637","volume":"24","author":"JJ Gibb","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gibb JJ, MacLeod R, Mahoney L, Elanjikal Z (2023) Modified Seldinger technique for neonatal epicutaneo-caval catheter insertion: a non-randomised retrospective study. J Vasc Access 24:780\u2013785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298211054637","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13172850","author":"V D\u2019Andrea","year":"2023","unstructured":"D\u2019Andrea V, Cascini V, Russo R, Perri A, Prontera G, Ancora G, Vento G, Lisi G, Barone G (2023) The role of ultrasound in epicutaneo-caval catheter insertion in neonates: systematic review, meta-analysis and future perspectives. Diagnostics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13172850","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"6717_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05253-0","volume":"182","author":"F Piersigilli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Piersigilli F, Iacona G, Yazami S, Carkeek K, Hocq C, Auriti C, Danhaive O (2023) Cyanoacrylate glue as part of a new bundle to decrease neonatal PICC-related complications. Eur J Pediatr 182:5607\u20135613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05253-0","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"6717_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298211008103","volume":"23","author":"V D\u2019Andrea","year":"2022","unstructured":"D\u2019Andrea V, Pezza L, Barone G, Prontera G, Pittiruti M, Vento G (2022) Use of cyanoacrylate glue for the sutureless securement of epicutaneo-caval catheters in neonates. J Vasc Access 23:801\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298211008103","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298211036002","volume":"24","author":"F Brescia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brescia F, Pittiruti M, Ostroff M, Spencer TR, Dawson RB (2023) The SIC protocol: a seven-step strategy to minimize complications potentially related to the insertion of centrally inserted central catheters. J Vasc Access 24:185\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298211036002","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298221074472","volume":"24","author":"M Pittiruti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pittiruti M, Celentano D, Barone G, D\u2019Andrea V, Annetta MG, Conti G (2023) A GAVeCeLT bundle for central venous catheterization in neonates and children: a prospective clinical study on 729 cases. J Vasc Access 24:1477\u20131488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298221074472","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298211001159","volume":"23","author":"F Spagnuolo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Spagnuolo F, Vacchiano T (2022) Ultrasound-guided cannulation of the brachiocephalic vein in newborns: a novel approach with a supraclavicular view for tip navigation and tip location. J Vasc Access 23:515\u2013523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298211001159","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1177\/1129729820940174","volume":"22","author":"G Barone","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barone G, Pittiruti M, Ancora G, Vento G, Tota F, D\u2019Andrea V (2021) Centrally inserted central catheters in preterm neonates with weight below 1500 g by ultrasound-guided access to the brachio-cephalic vein. J Vasc Access 22:344\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1129729820940174","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1033793","volume":"11","author":"V D\u2019Andrea","year":"2023","unstructured":"D\u2019Andrea V, Prontera G, Barone G, Vento G (2023) Combination of ketamine and fentanyl (KetaFent) for safe insertion of ultrasound-guided central venous catheters in infants. Front Pediatr 11:1033793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1033793","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"6717_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-024-05557-9","volume":"183","author":"G Barone","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barone G, Natile M, Nigro CS, D\u2019Andrea V, Ancora G (2024) Prospective case series study on the use of a novel analgosedation protocol for ultrasound-guided catheterization in neonatal intensive care unit. Eur J Pediatr 183:2881\u20132888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-024-05557-9","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"6717_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298211034306","volume":"24","author":"MD Ostroff","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ostroff MD, Moureau N, Pittiruti M (2023) Rapid assessment of vascular exit site and tunneling options (RAVESTO): a new decision tool in the management of the complex vascular access patients. J Vasc Access 24:311\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298211034306","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298211068302","volume":"24","author":"V D\u2019Andrea","year":"2023","unstructured":"D\u2019Andrea V, Pezza L, Prontera G, Ancora G, Pittiruti M, Vento G, Barone G (2023) The intracavitary ECG method for tip location of ultrasound-guided centrally inserted central catheter in neonates. J Vasc Access 24:1134\u20131139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298211068302","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1177\/1129729820924568","volume":"22","author":"F Pinelli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pinelli F, Pittiruti M, Van Boxtel T, Barone G, Biffi R, Capozzoli G, Crocoli A, Elli S, Elisei D, Fabiani A et al (2021) GAVeCeLT-WoCoVA consensus on subcutaneously anchored securement devices for the securement of venous catheters: current evidence and recommendations for future research. J Vasc Access 22:716\u2013725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1129729820924568","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6747","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2021.1922377","volume":"35","author":"V D\u2019Andrea","year":"2022","unstructured":"D\u2019Andrea V, Barone G, Pezza L, Prontera G, Vento G, Pittiruti M (2022) Securement of central venous catheters by subcutaneously anchored suturless devices in neonates. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 35:6747\u20136750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14767058.2021.1922377","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"6717_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.952632","volume":"10","author":"E Schwindt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schwindt E, Pfeiffer D, Gomes D, Brenner S, Schwindt JC, Hoffmann F, Olivieri M (2022) Intraosseous access in neonates is feasible and safe - an analysis of a prospective nationwide surveillance study in Germany. Front Pediatr 10:952632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.952632","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"6717_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.02.014","volume":"161","author":"J Madar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Madar J, Roehr CC, Ainsworth S, Ersdal H, Morley C, Rudiger M, Skare C, Szczapa T, Te Pas A, Trevisanuto D et al (2021) European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: newborn resuscitation and support of transition of infants at birth. Resuscitation 161:291\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.02.014","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"6717_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-04972-8","volume":"182","author":"EM Schwindt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schwindt EM, Hacker T, Stockenhuber R, Patsch JM, Mehany SN, Berger A, Schwindt JC (2023) Finding the most suitable puncture site for intraosseous access in term and preterm neonates: an ultrasound-based anatomical pilot study. Eur J Pediatr 182:3083\u20133091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-023-04972-8","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"6717_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2021-321988","volume":"107","author":"A Keller","year":"2022","unstructured":"Keller A, Boukai A, Feldman O, Diamand R, Shavit I (2022) Comparison of three intraosseous access devices for resuscitation of term neonates: a randomised simulation study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 107:289\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2021-321988","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"6717_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.04.004","volume":"163","author":"F Eifinger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eifinger F, Scaal M, Wehrle L, Maushake S, Fuchs Z, Koerber F (2021) Finding alternative sites for intraosseous infusions in newborns. Resuscitation 163:57\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.04.004","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"6717_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1159\/000502212","volume":"116","author":"A Scrivens","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scrivens A, Reynolds PR, Emery FE, Roberts CT, Polglase GR, Hooper SB, Roehr CC (2019) Use of intraosseous needles in neonates: a systematic review. Neonatology 116:305\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000502212","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"6717_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2019.11.027","volume":"146","author":"O Peguet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peguet O, Beissel A, Chassery C, Gueugniaud PY, Bouchut JC (2020) Intraosseous devices in small children: the need for a clearly defined strategy. Resuscitation 146:281\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2019.11.027","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"6717_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12602","volume":"59","author":"PK Suominen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Suominen PK, Nurmi E, Lauerma K (2015) Intraosseous access in neonates and infants: risk of severe complications - a case report. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 59:1389\u20131393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aas.12602","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"6717_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F74","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.80.1.f74","volume":"80","author":"H Ellemunter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ellemunter H, Simma B, Trawoger R, Maurer H (1999) Intraosseous lines in preterm and full term neonates. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 80:F74-75. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/fn.80.1.f74","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"6717_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.571285","volume":"8","author":"LP Mileder","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mileder LP, Urlesberger B, Schwaberger B (2020) Use of intraosseous vascular access during neonatal resuscitation at a tertiary center. Front Pediatr 8:571285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2020.571285","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"6717_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298231178064","volume":"25","author":"TR Spencer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Spencer TR, Imbriaco G, Bardin-Spencer A, Mahoney KJ, Brescia F, Lamperti M, Pittiruti M (2024) Safe insertion of arterial catheters (SIA): an ultrasound-guided protocol to minimize complications for arterial cannulation. J Vasc Access 25:1403\u20131408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298231178064","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14400","volume":"32","author":"K Nishida","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nishida K, Ichiyanagi S, Kako H (2022) Can the ulnar artery serve as an alternative option for arterial cannulation in neonates? Paediatr Anaesth 32:584\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.14400","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"6717_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000909","volume":"22","author":"L Mense","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mense L, Rose S, Bruck A, Rudiger M, Kaufmann M, Seipolt B (2022) Peripheral arterial lines in extremely preterm neonates: a potential alternative to um bilical arterial catheters. Adv Neonatal Care 22:357\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000909","journal-title":"Adv Neonatal Care"},{"key":"6717_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05320-6","volume":"183","author":"Y Okada","year":"2024","unstructured":"Okada Y, Kido T, Takeuchi S, Hanaki M, Nakamura Y, Nagafuji M, Kanai Y, Hitaka D, Miyazono Y, Takada H (2024) Effectiveness of ultrasound-guided peripheral arterial cannulation in neonates, including very low birth weight infants who are conventionally difficult-to-cannulate: a case series. Eur J Pediatr 183:509\u2013512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-023-05320-6","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"6717_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.51","volume":"41","author":"IC Akinboyo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Akinboyo IC, Zangwill KM, Berg WM, Cantey JB, Huizinga B, Milstone AM (2020) SHEA neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) white paper series: practical approaches to Staphylococcus aureus disease prevention. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 41:1251\u20131257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2020.51","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"6717_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1177\/11297298221085480","volume":"24","author":"M van Rens","year":"2023","unstructured":"van Rens M, Hugill K, Francia ALV, Mahmah MA, Al Shadad ABJ, Chiuco IC, Garcia KLP (2023) Closed intravenous systems for central vascular access: a difference maker for CLABSI rates in neonates? J Vasc Access 24:1390\u20131397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298221085480","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"},{"key":"6717_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.5301\/jva.5000576","volume":"17","author":"M Pittiruti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pittiruti M, Bertoglio S, Scoppettuolo G, Biffi R, Lamperti M, Dal Molin A, Panocchia N, Petrosillo N, Venditti M, Rigo C et al (2016) Evidence-based criteria for the choice and the clinical use of the most appropriate lock solutions for central venous catheters (excluding dialysis catheters): a GAVeCeLT consensus. J Vasc Access 17:453\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5301\/jva.5000576","journal-title":"J Vasc Access"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06717-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06717-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06717-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T15:26:07Z","timestamp":1772551567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06717-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["6717"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-025-06717-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 December 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 January 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"71"}}