{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:50:40Z","timestamp":1791571840873,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Vitamin K (VK) deficiency is a condition that puts newborn infants at increased risk of vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) during the first 6 months of life. In Switzerland, current prophylactic guidelines have been shown to prevent VKDB effectively in healthy infants. They were implemented in 2003 and prescribe oral administration of VK (2 mg oral Konakion\u00ae MM (mixt micellar) hour 4, day 4, and week 4). As prophylaxis parental refusal has been increasingly reported, we prospectively tested the Swiss VKDB prophylaxis validity using a nationwide surveillance program (Swiss Paediatric Surveillance Unit) designed to detect all hospitalized VKDB cases. During 6 years (September 1, 2018, until August 31, 2024), nine VKDB cases were reported for 505,708 live births (1.78\/10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 95% CI 0.81\/10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u20133.38\/10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). All infants were exclusively breast fed and had VKDB risk factors such as parental VK refusal and\/or cholestasis. Both Swiss VKDB 2018\u20132024 and 2005\u20132011 incidences were similar.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    :\u00a0The Swiss VKDB prophylactic guidelines are still valid and effective for healthy infants if applied appropriately.\n                    <jats:table-wrap>\n                      <jats:table>\n                        <jats:tbody>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>Infantile vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) can be prevented by either intramuscular or oral VK administration in healthy infants.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>Parental VK prophylaxis refusal (reported as increasing in frequency) as well as unrecognized cholestasis are main risk factors for\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>VKDB.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Switzerland\u2019s 2003 VKDB prophylactic regimen (2 mg oral Konakion\u00ae MM (hour 4, day 4, and week 4) remains a valid recommendation for healthy infants.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Again, parental VK prophylaxis refusal and\/or unrecognized cholestasis remain risk factors for VKDB.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                        <\/jats:tbody>\n                      <\/jats:table>\n                    <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-025-06730-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T16:08:29Z","timestamp":1768579709000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Oral neonatal vitamin K deficiency bleeding prophylaxis in Switzerland (2018\u20132024), still valid guidelines for healthy infants"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"185","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3850-1308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"Laubscher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4201-4480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregor","family":"Schubiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6987-0678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Rizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"For the Swiss Paediatric Surveillance Unit (SPSU)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"6730_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02701-4","volume":"21","author":"S Jullien","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jullien S (2021) Vitamin K prophylaxis in newborns. BMC Pediatr 21(Suppl 1):350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-021-02701-4","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"6730_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-012-1895-1","volume":"172","author":"B Laubscher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Laubscher B, B\u00e4nziger O, Schubiger G (2013) Prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding with three oral mixed micellar phylloquinone doses: results of a 6-year (2005\u20132011) surveillance in Switzerland. Eur J Pediatr 172(3):357\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-012-1895-1","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"6730_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2019-0228","volume":"10","author":"J Loyal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Loyal J, Shapiro ED (2020) Refusal of intramuscular vitamin K by parents of newborns: a review. Hosp Pediatr 10:286\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/hpeds.2019-0228","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"6730_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3356","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16052","volume":"110","author":"J Kn\u00fcsli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kn\u00fcsli J, Desseauve S, Laubscher B (2021) Parental resistance to oral vitamin K prophylaxis was much more common in Swiss birthing centres than private or public hospitals. Acta Paediatr 110(12):3356\u20133366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.16052","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"6730_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-316424","author":"Y Zurynski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zurynski Y, Grover CJ, Jalaludin B, Elliott EJ (2020) Vitamin K deficiency bleeding in Australian infants 1993\u20132017: an Australian paediatric surveillance unit study. Arch Dis Child. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2018-316424","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"10","key":"6730_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.31889","volume":"72","author":"N Sirachainan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sirachainan N, Komvilaisak P, van Ommen CH, Revel-Vilk S, Ohga S, Zia A, Ochiai M, Takahashi D, Suga S, Labarque V, Amankwah EK, Souvanlasy B, Betensky M, Chan AK, Chuansumrit A, Goldenberg N, Rajpurkar M (2025) International perspectives on vitamin K deficiency bleeding in infants: a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. Pediatr Blood Cancer 72(10):e31889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pbc.31889","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"6730_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hand I, Noble L, Abrams SA, Committee on fetus and newborn, Section on breastfeeding, Committee on nutrition (2022) Vitamin K and the newborn infant. 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