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Among schoolchildren, many studies suggest their prevalence to around 1%. In neonates, the frequency and persistence of haematuria and\/or proteinuria in the general population have so far not been investigated systematically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the course of the prospective KUNO-Kids Health\u00a0Study, urine samples were collected and analysed by dipstick in asymptomatic neonates on days three to five after birth. Those with positive findings underwent a maximum of two follow-ups until 16\u00a0weeks of age and factors associated with haematuria and\/or proteinuria were explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 509 participants with a urine sample available, 27% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009139) exhibited positive results. Of these, 58% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200981) had isolated haematuria, 21% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200929) had isolated proteinuria, and 21% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200929) had both. Of all children with positive urine tests, 76% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009105) underwent a first follow-up (mean 7\u00a0weeks later), and only in 1.9% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092) was a positive result found. In the second follow-up (mean 2\u00a0weeks later), no positive results were detected anymore. Positive urine test results were more common in females and after vaginal delivery (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.037, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                      : The present study identified haematuria and\/or proteinuria in a significant proportion of healthy newborns shortly after birth, but results returned to normal within weeks in all participants available for follow- up. Thus, isolated findings of haematuria and\/or proteinuria in newborns should be interpreted with caution.\n                      <jats:table-wrap>\n                        <jats:table>\n                          <jats:tbody>\n                            <jats:tr>\n                              <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                                <jats:bold>What is known:<\/jats:bold>\n                                <jats:italic>\u2022 Previous studies have reported the prevalence and persistence of haematuria and\/or proteinuria in school- age children, but data on haematuria and\/or proteinuria in neonates are scarce.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <\/jats:td>\n                            <\/jats:tr>\n                            <jats:tr>\n                              <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                                <jats:bold>What is new:<\/jats:bold>\n                                <jats:italic>\u2022 Positive urinary test results for haematuria and\/or proteinuria are common after birth and were found in 27%.<\/jats:italic>\n                                <jats:italic>\u2022 Positive urinary test results returned to normal within 16\u00a0weeks in all children tested.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <\/jats:td>\n                            <\/jats:tr>\n                          <\/jats:tbody>\n                        <\/jats:table>\n                      <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-026-06859-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T04:02:57Z","timestamp":1774497777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Frequency and short-term persistence of haematuria and\/or proteinuria in neonates: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Jochen","family":"Kittel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Seilbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Brandstetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kabesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Melter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"K\u00f6ninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Apfelbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Ambrosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Geis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"6859_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-011-1939-1.Erratum.In:PediatrNephrol.2012Mar;27(3):507","volume":"27","author":"J Harambat","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harambat J, van Stralen KJ, Kim JJ, Tizard EJ (2012) Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in children. 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