{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T09:48:43Z","timestamp":1776937723975,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-026-06891-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T05:37:09Z","timestamp":1774589829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A novel nasal cannula versus conventional face mask for preventing hypoxemia during flexible bronchoscopy in children: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhoubo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenbing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"6891_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00901-2017","author":"E Eber","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eber E, Ant\u00f3n-Pacheco JL, de Blic J, Doull I, Faro A, Nenna R et al (2017) ERS statement: interventional bronchoscopy in children. Eur Respir J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00901-2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"6891_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71060","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.71060","volume":"60","author":"V Damaraju","year":"2025","unstructured":"Damaraju V, Vutukuru S, Gandrakota G, Ravindra AG, Schramm D (2025) A systematic review of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy for pediatric interstitial lung diseases. Pediatr Pulmonol 60(3):e71060","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6891_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2021.151065","volume":"30","author":"J Piccione","year":"2021","unstructured":"Piccione J, Hysinger EB, Vicencio AG (2021) Pediatric advanced diagnostic and interventional bronchoscopy. Semin Pediatr Surg 30(3):151065","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"6891_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13195720","author":"W Boonjindasup","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boonjindasup W, Thomas RJ, Yuen W, McElrea MS (2024) Role of spirometry, radiology, and flexible bronchoscopy in assessing chronic cough in children. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13195720","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"6891_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2021.1548","volume":"147","author":"JJW Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee JJW, Philteos J, Levin M, Namavarian A, Propst EJ, Wolter NE (2021) Clinical prediction models for suspected pediatric foreign body aspiration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 147(9):787\u2013796","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"6891_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16351","volume":"111","author":"AP Chantzaras","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chantzaras AP, Panagiotou P, Karageorgos S, Douros K (2022) A systematic review of using flexible bronchoscopy to remove foreign bodies from paediatric patients. Acta Paediatr 111(7):1301\u20131312","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"6891_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-023-04569-x","volume":"90","author":"N Dhochak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dhochak N (2023) Interventional bronchoscopy in children: the way forward. Indian J Pediatr 90(8):806\u2013810","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"6891_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(25)00060-4","volume":"9","author":"AI Gipsman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gipsman AI, Grant LMC, Piccione JC, Yehya N, Witmer C, Young LR et al (2025) Management of severe acute pulmonary haemorrhage in children. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health 9(5):349\u2013360","journal-title":"The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 55","key":"6891_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003\/erj.38.Suppl_55.1415","volume":"38","author":"Y Gokdemir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gokdemir Y, Cakir E, Erdem E, Ersu R, Karadag B, Karakoc F (2014) The role of flexible bronchoscopy in evaluation of recurrent and persistant pneumonia in children. Eur Respir J 38(Suppl 55):1415","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"6891_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24569","volume":"55","author":"MN Januska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Januska MN, Goldman DL, Webley W, Teague WG, Cohen RT, Bunyavanich S et al (2020) Bronchoscopy in severe childhood asthma: irresponsible or irreplaceable? Pediatr Pulmonol 55(3):795\u2013802","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"7","key":"6891_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25358","volume":"56","author":"DP La Regina","year":"2021","unstructured":"La Regina DP, Nenna R, Schramm D, Freitag N, Goussard P, Eber E et al (2021) The use of pediatric flexible bronchoscopy in the COVID-19 pandemic era. Pediatr Pulmonol 56(7):1957\u20131966","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6891_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14757","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.14757","volume":"28","author":"A Wannes Daou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wannes Daou A, Wallace C, Barker M, Ambrosino T, Towe C, Morales DLS et al (2024) Flexible bronchoscopy in pediatric lung transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 28(4):e14757","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"6891_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13281","volume":"28","author":"J Holzki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Holzki J, Brown KA, Carroll RG, Cot\u00e9 CJ (2018) The anatomy of the pediatric airway: has our knowledge changed in 120 years? A review of historic and recent investigations of the anatomy of the pediatric larynx. Paediatr Anaesth 28(1):13\u201322","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"6891_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15212769","author":"A Rangecroft","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rangecroft A, Vicencio A, Kotwal N, Dante S, Sachdeva A, Holden V (2025) Pediatric bronchoscopy for the adult interventional pulmonologist. Diagnostics (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics15212769","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"6891_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-019-02697-3","volume":"34","author":"L Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang L, Dharmawardana N, Badenoch A, Ooi EH (2020) A review of the use of transnasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange for patients undergoing surgery in the shared airway setting. J Anesth 34(1):134\u2013143","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"issue":"10","key":"6891_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03814","volume":"60","author":"F Vargas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vargas F, Saint-Leger M, Boyer A, Bui NH, Hilbert G (2015) Physiologic effects of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen in critical care subjects. Respir Care 60(10):1369\u20131376","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"6891_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2019.08.005","volume":"52","author":"AV Londino 3rd","year":"2019","unstructured":"Londino AV 3rd, Jagannathan N (2019) Anesthesia in diagnostic and therapeutic pediatric bronchoscopy. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 52(6):1037\u20131048","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"6891_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14360","volume":"32","author":"JT Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang JT, Peyton J, Hernandez MR (2022) Anesthesia for pediatric rigid bronchoscopy and related airway surgery: tips and tricks. Paediatr Anaesth 32(2):302\u2013311","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"6891_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-021-01532-4","volume":"21","author":"D Strohleit","year":"2021","unstructured":"Strohleit D, Galetin T, Kosse N, Lopez-Pastorini A, Stoelben E (2021) Guidelines on analgosedation, monitoring, and recovery time for flexible bronchoscopy: a systematic review. BMC Pulm Med 21(1):198","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"6891_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_550_19","volume":"63","author":"S Swaika","year":"2019","unstructured":"Swaika S, Ghosh S, Bhattacharyya C (2019) Airway devices in paediatric anaesthesia. Indian J Anaesth 63(9):721\u2013728","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"6891_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9779","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S481654","volume":"19","author":"Q Yu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yu Q, Han Q, Yan R, Ding X (2025) Pediatric anesthesia, psychology, and interventions: a narrative review. Drug Des Devel Ther 19:9779\u20139787","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"6891_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12923","volume":"70","author":"A Patel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Patel A, Nouraei SA (2015) Transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE): a physiological method of increasing apnoea time in patients with difficult airways. Anaesthesia 70(3):323\u2013329","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"9","key":"6891_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13564","volume":"53","author":"CT Goh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goh CT, Kirby LJ, Schell DN, Egan JR (2017) Humidified high-flow nasal cannula oxygen in bronchiolitis reduces need for invasive ventilation but not intensive care admission. J Paediatr Child Health 53(9):897\u2013902","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"6891_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.20473\/ijar.V7I22025.116-127","volume":"7","author":"R Sintani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sintani R, Vitraludyono R (2025) Management of anesthesia in pediatric patients with bronchoscopy late onset foreign body aspiration. Indones J Anesthesiol Reanim 7(2):116\u2013127","journal-title":"Indones J Anesthesiol Reanim"},{"issue":"5","key":"6891_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.24953\/turkjpediatr.2025.5879","volume":"67","author":"A Ba\u015faran","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ba\u015faran A, Ba\u015faran AE, Banko\u011flu Parlak B, Aycan \u0130\u00d6, Bing\u00f6l A (2025) Flexible bronchoscopy in children: complications and predictive factors. Turk J Pediatr 67(5):645\u2013656","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"6891_CR26","first-page":"51","volume":"55","author":"M Kari\u0161ik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kari\u0161ik M, Janjevi\u0107 D, Sorbello M (2016) Fiberoptic bronchoscopy versus video laryngoscopy in pediatric airway management. Acta Clin Croat 55(Suppl 1):51\u201354","journal-title":"Acta Clin Croat"},{"issue":"1","key":"6891_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-024-01464-w","volume":"10","author":"S Humphreys","year":"2024","unstructured":"Humphreys S, Schibler A, Williams T, Spall S, Pham T, Atkins T et al (2024) Flexible bronchoscopy insufflated and high-flow nasal oxygen pilot trial (BUFFALO protocol pilot trial). Pilot Feasibility Stud 10(1):45","journal-title":"Pilot Feasibility Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"6891_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004002","volume":"136","author":"JL Apfelbaum","year":"2022","unstructured":"Apfelbaum JL, Hagberg CA, Connis RT, Abdelmalak BB, Agarkar M, Dutton RP et al (2022) 2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists practice guidelines for management of the difficult airway. Anesthesiology 136(1):31\u201381","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"6891_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e74","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002873","volume":"23","author":"HAB Smith","year":"2022","unstructured":"Smith HAB, Besunder JB, Betters KA, Johnson PN, Srinivasan V, Stormorken A et al (2022) 2022 Society of Critical Care Medicine clinical practice guidelines on prevention and management of pain, agitation, neuromuscular blockade, and delirium in critically ill pediatric patients with consideration of the ICU environment and early mobility. Pediatr Crit Care Med 23(2):e74\u2013e110","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"6891_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175346662311645","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666231164539","volume":"17","author":"W Abouzgheib","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abouzgheib W, Miller H, Bartter T (2023) Oxygen insufflation through the bronchoscope channel for sedation-induced hypoxia: safe and effective. Ther Adv Respir Dis 17:17534666231164540","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"6891_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.17245\/jdapm.2024.24.2.81","volume":"24","author":"J Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim J, Jeon S (2024) Nasotracheal intubation in pediatrics: a narrative review. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 24(2):81\u201390","journal-title":"J Dent Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6891_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12528","volume":"25","author":"JD Tobias","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tobias JD (2015) Pediatric airway anatomy may not be what we thought: implications for clinical practice and the use of cuffed endotracheal tubes. Paediatr Anaesth 25(1):9\u201319","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"6891_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2019.02.041","volume":"121","author":"TM Wani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wani TM, Bissonnette B, Engelhardt T, Buchh B, Arnous H, AlGhamdi F et al (2019) The pediatric airway: historical concepts, new findings, and what matters. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 121:29\u201333","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"6891_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815799","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.815799","volume":"9","author":"F Sampsonas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sampsonas F, Karamouzos V, Karampitsakos T, Papaioannou O, Katsaras M, Lagadinou M et al (2022) High-Flow vs. Low-flow nasal cannula in reducing hypoxemic events during bronchoscopic procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med 9:815799","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"6891_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0260716","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260716","volume":"16","author":"CL Su","year":"2021","unstructured":"Su CL, Chiang LL, Tam KW, Chen TT, Hu MC (2021) High-flow nasal cannula for reducing hypoxemic events in patients undergoing bronchoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. PLoS ONE 16(12):e0260716","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6891_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2025.01.005","author":"P Goussard","year":"2025","unstructured":"Goussard P, Eber E, Frigati L, Greybe L, Venkatakrishna SSB, Janson J et al (2025) Diagnostic and interventional paediatric bronchoscopy in low and middle-income countries. Paediatr Respir Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prrv.2025.01.005","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"6891_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26940","volume":"59","author":"RJ Thomas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thomas RJ, Yerkovich ST, Goyal V, Chang AB, Rutter C, Masters IB et al (2024) The utility of elective flexible bronchoscopy to improve quality of life and clinical outcomes for children: a systematic review. Pediatr Pulmonol 59(6):1589\u20131595","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6891_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000001029","volume":"30","author":"MN Januska","year":"2024","unstructured":"Januska MN, Kaspy K, Bozkanat KM, Vicencio AG (2024) Pediatric interventional bronchoscopy: from early limitations to achievable opportunities. Curr Opin Pulm Med 30(1):107\u2013117","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6891_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_27_21","volume":"38","author":"S Rajan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rajan S, Tosh P, Babu SC, Kumar L (2022) Safety and ease of awake fiberoptic intubation with use of oxygen insufflation versus suction to clear secretions during procedure. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 38(4):628\u2013634","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"6891_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16049","volume":"78","author":"ML Stein","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stein ML, Park RS, Kiss EE, Adams HD, Burjek NE, Peyton J et al (2023) Efficacy of a hybrid technique of simultaneous videolaryngoscopy with flexible bronchoscopy in children with difficult direct laryngoscopy in the Pediatric Difficult Intubation Registry. Anaesthesia 78(9):1093\u20131101","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"6891_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcadva.2025.100131","author":"C Kaya","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kaya C, Karakaya D, Atmaca S, Kurnaz SC, Baris S, Udurgucu M et al (2025) A multidisciplinary and individualized airway management in pediatric ROHHAD syndrome: a case report. JCA Advances. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcadva.2025.100131","journal-title":"JCA Advances"},{"issue":"3","key":"6891_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240239","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0239-2024","volume":"21","author":"D Schramm","year":"2025","unstructured":"Schramm D, Ismail ND (2025) Present and future of paediatric interventional pulmonology: addressing global healthcare disparities. Breathe (Sheff) 21(3):240239","journal-title":"Breathe (Sheff)"},{"key":"6891_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children11091130","author":"X Tao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tao X, Li S, Wu H, Jin F, Jin G, Wu L (2024) Progress in the application of bronchoscopic cryotherapy in pediatric pulmonary diseases. Children. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children11091130","journal-title":"Children"},{"issue":"3","key":"6891_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(03)00050-9","volume":"24","author":"PN Chhajed","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chhajed PN, Glanville AR (2003) Management of hypoxemia during flexible bronchoscopy. Clin Chest Med 24(3):511\u2013516","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"6891_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_176_25","volume":"69","author":"K Pandey","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pandey K, Mahendru K, Garg R, Bhatnagar S, Mishra S, Gupta N et al (2025) To evaluate the effect of two ventilatory strategies (conventional bag-mask ventilation vs. manual jet ventilation) on peak inspiratory pressures and dynamic compliance using electrical impedance tomography in adult patients undergoing interventional rigid bronchoscopy for central airway obstruction under total intravenous anaesthesia - a pilot randomised controlled study: VENTIJET-EIT study. Indian J Anaesth 69(6):570\u2013579","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"6891_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00421-2024","author":"R Pikman Gavriely","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pikman Gavriely R, Freund O, Tiran B, Perluk TM, Kleinhendler E, Matot I et al (2025) Laryngeal mask airway or high-flow nasal cannula versus nasal cannula for advanced bronchoscopy: a randomised controlled trial. ERJ Open Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/23120541.00421-2024","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"6891_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0000000000000533","volume":"26","author":"JA Service","year":"2019","unstructured":"Service JA, Bain JS, Gardner CP, McNarry AF (2019) Prospective experience of high-flow nasal oxygen during bronchoscopy in 182 patients: a feasibility study. J Bronchol Interv Pulmonol 26(1):66\u201370","journal-title":"J Bronchol Interv Pulmonol"},{"key":"6891_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103550","volume":"89","author":"Y Feng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feng Y, Wang J, Yin Y, Florez ID, Li Y, Estill J et al (2025) Non-invasive respiratory support in pediatric patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. EClinicalMedicine 89:103550","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"6891_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13782","volume":"30","author":"S Humphreys","year":"2020","unstructured":"Humphreys S, Schibler A (2020) Nasal high-flow oxygen in pediatric anesthesia and airway management. Paediatr Anaesth 30(3):339\u2013346","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"6891_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-025-03214-8","volume":"25","author":"K Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao K, Li Y, Wang Q, Zhang J, Zhou J (2025) Effect of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy on perioperative hypoxemia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Anesthesiol 25(1):428","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-026-06891-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-026-06891-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-026-06891-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T09:02:11Z","timestamp":1776934931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-026-06891-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["6891"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-026-06891-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (cqbykyll-20250 110\u201320, January 13, 2025), and it was planned and conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki. Retrospective registration was completed in The Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No. ChiCTR2500113734), Date of registration: December 2, 2025. All participants signed informed consent after receiving details about the study from the research team.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"220"}}