{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T08:52:15Z","timestamp":1781772735554,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Children are extremely vulnerable to climate-related environmental impacts and air pollution due to both biological and behavioral factors. Despite the emerging evidence of the increasing effects of climate change on the world and on children\u2019s health, policies to drive change and halt the effects are lacking. Climate change is causing Europe to heat up faster than other continents. Here, we assessed the evidence-based effects of climate change and air pollution on child health in Europe.\u00a0A scoping review was performed to map the impact of climate-related exposures on the health of children in Europe. A literature search was conducted in three bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase.com, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews\/Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), for studies published between January 1, 2014, and November 11, 2024. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: original studies performed in Europe, addressing climate-related exposures (i.e., the effects of air pollution, heat stress and\/or wildfires) on clinical outcomes in neonates, infants, and children (&lt;18 years).\u00a0The literature search generated a total of 3838 unique articles; upon screening, 73 articles were included in this scoping review. Most studies were conducted in South and West Europe. Climate-related exposures were linked to negative neonatal outcomes, increased risk of respiratory and allergic disease, adverse neurological development, and\u00a0a higher incidence\u00a0of metabolic conditions in children. Most studies assessed the impact of air pollution (mainly particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 2.5 micrometers PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    and PM\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    exposure); few studies assessed other climate-related outcomes such as heat stress or wildfires.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    :\u00a0Climate change is an active driver of pediatric morbidity in Europe, posing urgent respiratory, neurological, and perinatal risks amplified by social inequality. Protecting future generations demands a paradigm shift in healthcare that moves beyond treating acute symptoms to addressing upstream environmental drivers, including the integration of environmental exposure data into clinical practice.\n                    <jats:table-wrap>\n                      <jats:table>\n                        <jats:tbody>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td align=\"left\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\n                              \u2022\n                              <jats:italic>Children are biologically vulnerable to environmental hazards and more prone to climate-related exposures.<\/jats:italic>\n                              \u2022\n                              <jats:italic>Europe is warming up faster than other continents; therefore, children in Europe are at increased risk of climate-related adverse health outcomes.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td align=\"left\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\n                              \u2022\n                              <jats:italic>This scoping review confirms climate change may lead to increased pediatric morbidity in Europe, linking air pollution, heat stress, and wildfires to perinatal, respiratory, metabolic, and neurological risks.<\/jats:italic>\n                              \u2022\n                              <jats:italic>European studies regarding climate change and children\u2019s health have mainly focused on the impact of air pollution, but hardly focused on the impact of heat stress,\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>highlighting the need for broader research and a coordinated pan-European change in political interventions tackling climate change.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                        <\/jats:tbody>\n                      <\/jats:table>\n                    <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-026-06966-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T05:12:37Z","timestamp":1777957957000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Climate change and child health in Europe: a scoping review of emerging impacts"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"185","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7334-1549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daan","family":"van der Stadt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3252-600X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahriyar","family":"Shahbazi Khamas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fleur","family":"Sondaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faridi","family":"Jamaludin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieke","family":"van Baardewijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4579-4081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Vijverberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1450-451X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berber","family":"Kapitein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"24","key":"6966_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2117706","volume":"386","author":"F Perera","year":"2022","unstructured":"F Perera K Nadeau 2022 Climate change, fossil-fuel pollution, and children\u2019s health N Engl J Med 386 24 2303 2314","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"6966_CR2","unstructured":"Rohde R (2025) Global temperature report for 2024: Berkeley Earth [Available from: https:\/\/berkeleyearth.org\/global-temperature-report-for-2024\/\"\/>"},{"issue":"7","key":"6966_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e495","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(24)00055-0","volume":"9","author":"KR Daalen van","year":"2024","unstructured":"Daalen van KR, Tonne C, Semenza J, Rocklov J, Markandya A, Dasandi N (2024) The 2024 Europe report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: unprecedented warming demands unprecedented action. 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