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However, the extent to which children with heart disease in Switzerland benefit from this progress remains unknown. This survey aimed to investigate the current outpatient prescribing practices among paediatric cardiologists in Switzerland.\u00a0We conducted a cross-sectional survey among Swiss paediatric cardiologists. The physicians were asked to state how often they administer drugs on a pre-defined list for the following indications: heart failure, arrhythmia and thromboembolism.\u00a0Forty-three (56%) out of 77 eligible physicians completed the survey. For paediatric heart failure, the three most frequently prescribed drugs were hydrochlorothiazide (\u2018often prescribed\u2019 by\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200925, 58%), lisinopril (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200924, 56%), and spironolactone (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200932, 74%). The most frequently prescribed drugs for arrhythmia and thromboembolism were propranolol (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200926, 60%) and acetylsalicylic acid (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200931, 72%), respectively. Newer drugs such as sacubitril\/valsartan (\u2018never prescribed\u2019 by\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200920, 47%), sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200940, 93%), and direct oral anticoagulants (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200920, 47%) were rarely used.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0The drugs used to treat heart failure, arrhythmia, and thromboembolism in Switzerland largely reflect current international recommendations. Nevertheless, novel drugs are rarely used. In addition to the lack of large randomized controlled drug trials in children, important obstacles are lack of authorization, lack of reimbursement, and lack of suitable formulations. These issues should be addressed by both the industry and healthcare providers to continuously improve drug therapy for children with heart disease.\n                    <jats:table-wrap>\n                      <jats:table>\n                        <jats:tbody>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\n                              \u2022\n                              <jats:italic>Evidence for drug use in Paediatric cardiology mostly relies on extrapolation from adult studies and pathophysiological considerations<\/jats:italic>\n                              .\u2022\n                              <jats:italic>Drug choices are also influenced by drug approval, insurance reimbursement, and availability of age-appropriate formulations<\/jats:italic>\n                              .\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\n                              \u2022\n                              <jats:italic>Swiss paediatric cardiologists predominantly rely on established drugs to treat cardiovascular diseases in children, with the use of newer drugs remaining limited<\/jats:italic>\n                              .\u2022\n                              <jats:italic>On top of expert consensus, adult evidence, and drug availability, drug prescription appears to be strongly influenced by the availability of child-friendly formulations<\/jats:italic>\n                              .\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                        <\/jats:tbody>\n                      <\/jats:table>\n                    <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-026-07024-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T15:20:19Z","timestamp":1778167219000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Outpatient drug therapy for children with heart disease in Switzerland: a survey"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"185","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3350-1009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"B\u00e4rlocher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4019-5143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Caduff Good","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1977-3727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Di Bernardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8391-5462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastiano A. 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