{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T07:55:22Z","timestamp":1781769322948,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and identify its associated factors in patients with newly diagnosed childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (c-SLE). This retrospective study included patients with c-SLE aged\u2009\u2264\u200918\u00a0years treated at an academic tertiary center between January 2013 and December 2023. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level\u2009&lt;\u200920\u00a0ng\/mL. A total of 192 patients with c-SLE were included (87% female; mean [SD] age, 12.1 [3.0] years). Lupus nephritis (LN) was identified in 92 patients (48.2%). The median serum 25-OHD level was 15\u00a0ng\/mL (IQR, 11.2\u201322.8), and vitamin D deficiency was identified in 126 patients (65.6%). Compared to those without vitamin D deficiency, deficient patients were older and had higher body mass index, more frequent LN, and higher urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). These patients also had lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum complement 3 levels (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Serum 25-OHD levels were negatively correlated with UPCR (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.38,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). On multivariable logistic regression, increased UPCR was independently associated with vitamin D deficiency (adjusted odds ratio, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.15\u20132.24;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.011). Patients with moderate (SLEDAI-2\u00a0K, 7\u201312) and high disease activity (SLEDAI-2\u00a0K\u2009\u2265\u200913) had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002 and\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, respectively).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in newly diagnosed c-SLE and was associated with LN, proteinuria, and moderate to high disease activity.\n                    <jats:table-wrap>\n                      <jats:table>\n                        <jats:tbody>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\n                              \u2022\n                              <jats:italic>Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (c-SLE) is a complex autoimmune connective tissue disease in which vitamin D has been implicated in immune dysregulation<\/jats:italic>\n                              .\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\n                              \u2022\n                              <jats:italic>Vitamin D deficiency was identified in 65.6% of newly diagnosed Southeast Asian c-SLE<\/jats:italic>\n                              .\u2022\n                              <jats:italic>c-SLE patients with LN had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than those without LN, particularly those with proteinuria<\/jats:italic>\n                              .\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                        <\/jats:tbody>\n                      <\/jats:table>\n                    <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-026-07066-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T16:58:58Z","timestamp":1778864338000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitamin D deficiency in newly diagnosed childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence and clinical associations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"185","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1963-7038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thawin","family":"Ratanaphisit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3879-4374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maynart","family":"Sukharomana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1544-2245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuntawan","family":"Piyaphanee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9230-0577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sirikarn","family":"Tangcheewinsirikul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0506-6039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sirirat","family":"Charuvanij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"7066_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00668-1","volume":"17","author":"MRW Barber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barber MRW, Drenkard C, Falasinnu T, Hoi A, Mak A, Kow NY et al (2021) Global epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus. 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