{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T11:05:44Z","timestamp":1784286344452,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-026-07131-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T05:39:54Z","timestamp":1781242794000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Systemic versus intracranial immunotherapy delivery in pediatric malignant brain tumors: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Tykocki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"7131_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.08.017","volume":"32","author":"A Mackay","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mackay A, Burford A, Carvalho D et al (2017) Integrated molecular meta-analysis of 1,000 pediatric high-grade and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Cancer Cell 32(4):520-537.e5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.08.017","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"7131_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/now101","volume":"19","author":"C Jones","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jones C, Karajannis MA, Jones DTW et al (2017) Pediatric high-grade glioma: biologically and clinically in need of new thinking. Neuro-Oncol 19(2):153\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/now101","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol"},{"key":"7131_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.123579","volume":"194","author":"T Tykocki","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tykocki T (2025) Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma and chimeric antigen receptor t-cell therapy: an emerging frontier. World Neurosurg 194:123579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.123579","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"7131_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582594","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.582594","volume":"12","author":"L Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang L, Zhang B, Dou Z et al (2021) Immune checkpoint-associated locations of diffuse gliomas comparing pediatric with adult patients based on voxel-wise analysis. Front Immunol 12:582594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.582594","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"7131_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noac116","volume":"24","author":"M Lim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lim M, Weller M, Idbaih A et al (2022) Phase III trial of chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide plus nivolumab or placebo for newly diagnosed glioblastoma with methylated MGMT promoter. Neuro-Oncol 24(11):1935\u20131949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noac116","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7131_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.1024","volume":"6","author":"DA Reardon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reardon DA, Brandes AA, Omuro A et al (2020) Effect of Nivolumab vs Bevacizumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. JAMA Oncol 6(7):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.1024","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"8046","key":"7131_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08171-9","volume":"637","author":"M Monje","year":"2025","unstructured":"Monje M, Mahdi J, Majzner R et al (2025) Intravenous and intracranial GD2-CAR T cells for H3K27M+ diffuse midline gliomas. Nature 637(8046):708\u2013715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-024-08171-9","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"7131_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1716435","volume":"379","author":"A Desjardins","year":"2018","unstructured":"Desjardins A, Gromeier M, Herndon JE et al (2018) Recurrent glioblastoma treated with recombinant poliovirus. N Engl J Med 379(2):150\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1716435","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"7131_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noac099","volume":"25","author":"A Omuro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Omuro A, Brandes AA, Carpentier AF et al (2022) Radiotherapy combined with nivolumab or temozolomide for newly diagnosed glioblastoma with unmethylated MGMT promoter: An international randomized phase III trial. Neuro-Oncol 25(1):123\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noac099","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"7131_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30517-X","volume":"18","author":"M Weller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weller M, Butowski N, Tran DD et al (2017) Rindopepimut with temozolomide for patients with newly diagnosed, EGFRvIII-expressing glioblastoma (ACT IV): a randomised, double-blind, international phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 18(10):1373\u20131385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30517-X","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"7131_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-019-0577-y","volume":"21","author":"NA Vitanza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vitanza NA, Monje M (2019) Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: from diagnosis to next-generation clinical trials. Curr Treat Options Neurol 21(8):37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11940-019-0577-y","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"7131_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04489-4","author":"RG Majzner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Majzner RG, Ramakrishna S, Yeom KW et al (2022) GD2-CAR T Cell therapy for H3k27m-mutated diffuse midline gliomas. Nature Published online. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-04489-4","journal-title":"Nature Published online"},{"issue":"3","key":"7131_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03451-3","volume":"31","author":"NA Vitanza","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vitanza NA, Ronsley R, Choe M et al (2025) Intracerebroventricular B7\u2013H3-targeting CAR T cells for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: a phase 1 trial. Nat Med 31(3):861\u2013868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-024-03451-3","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"53","key":"7131_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91779","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.21586","volume":"8","author":"AC Filley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Filley AC, Henriquez M, Dey M (2017) Recurrent glioma clinical trial, CheckMate-143: the game is not over yet. Oncotarget 8(53):91779\u201391794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.21586","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"5","key":"7131_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2023.03.014","volume":"179","author":"T Olivier","year":"2023","unstructured":"Olivier T, Migliorini D (2023) Autologous tumor lysate-loaded dendritic cell vaccination in glioblastoma: What happened to the evidence? Rev Neurol (Paris) 179(5):502\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurol.2023.03.014","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"7131_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Karbhari N, Frechette KM, Burns TC, et al (2025) Immunotherapy for High-Grade Gliomas. Cancers 17(11). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers17111849","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17111849"},{"issue":"6","key":"7131_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02347-y","volume":"29","author":"F Nassiri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nassiri F, Patil V, Yefet LS et al (2023) Oncolytic DNX-2401 virotherapy plus pembrolizumab in recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 1\/2 trial. Nat Med 29(6):1370\u20131378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-023-02347-y","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"7131_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-017-2643-1","volume":"136","author":"I Fried","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fried I, Lossos A, Ben Ami T et al (2018) Preliminary results of immune modulating antibody MDV9300 (pidilizumab) treatment in children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. J Neurooncol 136(1):189\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-017-2643-1","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"7131_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2019.1694000","volume":"28","author":"B Philbrick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Philbrick B, Adamson DC (2019) DNX-2401: an investigational drug for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 28(12):1041\u20131049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13543784.2019.1694000","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"issue":"5","key":"7131_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03512-1","volume":"31","author":"GV Long","year":"2025","unstructured":"Long GV, Shklovskaya E, Satgunaseelan L et al (2025) Neoadjuvant triplet immune checkpoint blockade in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Nat Med 31(5):1557\u20131566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-025-03512-1","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"7131_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-018-0003-5","volume":"15","author":"M Lim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lim M, Xia Y, Bettegowda C, Weller M (2018) Current state of immunotherapy for glioblastoma. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 15(7):422\u2013442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41571-018-0003-5","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"14","key":"7131_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.75.8219","volume":"36","author":"FF Lang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lang FF, Conrad C, Gomez-Manzano C et al (2018) Phase i study of DNX-2401 (Delta-24-RGD) oncolytic adenovirus: replication and immunotherapeutic effects in recurrent malignant glioma. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 36(14):1419\u20131427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2017.75.8219","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"26","key":"7131_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2561","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1610497","volume":"375","author":"CE Brown","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brown CE, Alizadeh D, Starr R et al (2016) Regression of glioblastoma after chimeric antigen receptor t-cell therapy. N Engl J Med 375(26):2561\u20132569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1610497","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7131_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d4002","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4002","volume":"343","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Sutton AJ, Ioannidis JPA et al (2011) Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 343:d4002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.d4002","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-026-07131-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-026-07131-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-026-07131-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T10:26:11Z","timestamp":1784283971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-026-07131-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["7131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-026-07131-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 May 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of previously published research. Ethical approval was not required.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"490"}}