{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T04:28:59Z","timestamp":1786422539024,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Start-up Fund for Introduced Talents of Capital Institute of Pediatrics","award":["YJRC202401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJRC202401"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009331","name":"Beijing Hospitals Authority Clinical medicine Development of special funding support","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["YGLX202532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YGLX202532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"New Quality Fund of Capital Institute of Pediatrics","award":["XZYB-2025-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XZYB-2025-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-026-07198-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T06:35:32Z","timestamp":1783665332000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A multivariate electrocardiographic predictive model for left ventricular hypertrophy in children with primary hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaxi","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7578-7440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"7198_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20090544","volume":"119","author":"J Feber","year":"2010","unstructured":"Feber J, Ahmed M (2010) Hypertension in children: new trends and challenges. Clin Sci (Lond) 119:151\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/CS20090544","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"7198_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1159\/000369960","volume":"39","author":"G H\u00f6gstr\u00f6m","year":"2015","unstructured":"H\u00f6gstr\u00f6m G, Nordstr\u00f6m A, Eriksson M, Nordstr\u00f6m P (2015) Risk factors assessed in adolescence and the later risk of stroke in men: a 33-year follow-up study. Cerebrovasc Dis 39:63\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000369960","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"7198_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2009.164","volume":"23","author":"PA Richey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Richey PA, Disessa TG, Somes GW, Alpert BS, Jones DP (2010) Left ventricular geometry in children and adolescents with primary hypertension. Am J Hypertens 23:24\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajh.2009.164","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"7198_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-013-0378-8","volume":"15","author":"BS Bucher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bucher BS et al (2013) Primary hypertension in childhood. Curr Hypertens Rep 15:444\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11906-013-0378-8","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"7198_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.2.328","volume":"113","author":"C Hanevold","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hanevold C, Waller J, Daniels S, Portman R, Sorof J (2004) The effects of obesity, gender, and ethnic group on left ventricular hypertrophy and geometry in hypertensive children: a collaborative study of the International Pediatric Hypertension Association. Pediatrics 113:328\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.113.2.328","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"7198_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-007-0739-0","volume":"23","author":"M Litwin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Litwin M et al (2008) Different BMI cardiovascular risk thresholds as markers of organ damage and metabolic syndrome in primary hypertension. Pediatr Nephrol 23:787\u2013796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-007-0739-0","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7198_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(86)90771-x","volume":"57","author":"RB Devereux","year":"1986","unstructured":"Devereux RB et al (1986) Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings. Am J Cardiol 57:450\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9149(86)90771-x","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"7198_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.015","volume":"53","author":"EW Hancock","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hancock EW et al (2009) AHA\/ACCF\/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram part V: electrocardiogram changes associated with cardiac chamber hypertrophy. J Am Coll Cardiol 53:992\u20131002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"7198_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001961","volume":"36","author":"B Williams","year":"2018","unstructured":"Williams B et al (2018) 2018 Practice guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiology: ESH\/ESC Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension. J Hypertens 36:2284\u20132309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001961","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"7198_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001039","volume":"34","author":"E Lurbe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lurbe E et al (2016) 2016 European Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. J Hypertens 34:1887\u20131920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001039","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"7198_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.11909\/j.issn.1671-5411.2019.03.014","volume":"16","author":"Joint Committee for Guideline Revision","year":"2019","unstructured":"Joint Committee for Guideline Revision (2019) 2018 Chinese guidelines for prevention and treatment of hypertension-A report of the revision committee of Chinese guidelines for prevention and treatment of hypertension. J Geriatr Cardiol 16:182\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11909\/j.issn.1671-5411.2019.03.014","journal-title":"J Geriatr Cardiol"},{"key":"7198_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1140357","volume":"11","author":"E Lurbe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lurbe E et al (2023) Joint statement for assessing and managing high blood pressure in children and adolescents: chapter 1. How to correctly measure blood pressure in children and adolescents. Front Pediatr 11:11:1140357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1140357","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"7198_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000150108.37527.57","volume":"45","author":"G de Simone","year":"2005","unstructured":"de Simone G et al (2005) Evaluation of concentric left ventricular geometry in humans: evidence for age-related systematic underestimation. Hypertension 45:64\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.HYP.0000150108.37527.57","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"7198_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.194290","volume":"60","author":"H Hietalampi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hietalampi H et al (2012) Left ventricular mass and geometry in adolescence: early childhood determinants. Hypertension 60:1266\u20131272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.194290","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"7198_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.01.037","volume":"69","author":"JG Peguero","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peguero JG et al (2017) Electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy. J Am Coll Cardiol 69:1694\u20131703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.01.037","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"7198_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2020.12.017","volume":"77","author":"T Tanaka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tanaka T et al (2021) Prognostic impact of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy following transcatheter aortic valve replacement. J cardiol 77:346\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jjcc.2020.12.017","journal-title":"J cardiol"},{"key":"7198_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-018-0164-8","volume":"42","author":"J Ishikawa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ishikawa J, Yamanaka Y, Watanabe S, Toba A, Harada K (2019) Cornell product in an electrocardiogram is related to reduced LV regional wall motion. Hypertens Res 42:541\u2013548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41440-018-0164-8","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"7198_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23402","volume":"43","author":"DB Djordjevic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Djordjevic DB et al (2020) Electrocardiographic criteria which have the best prognostic significance in hypertensive patients with echocardiographic hypertrophy of left ventricle: 15-year prospective study. Clin Cardiol 43:1017\u20131023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/clc.23402","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"7198_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.18-511","volume":"60","author":"M Narita","year":"2019","unstructured":"Narita M et al (2019) Novel electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in the japanese general Population. Int Heart J 60:679\u2013687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1536\/ihj.18-511","journal-title":"Int Heart J"},{"key":"7198_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.015","volume":"53","author":"EW Hancock","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hancock EW et al (2009) AHA\/ACCF\/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part V: electrocardiogram changes associated with cardiac chamber hypertrophy: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society. Endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 53:992\u20131002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"7198_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14168","volume":"75","author":"L Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang L, Magnussen CG, Yang L, Bovet P, Xi B (2020) Elevated blood pressure in childhood or adolescence and cardiovascular outcomes in adulthood: a systematic review. Hypertension 75:948\u2013955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14168","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"7198_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2023.08.005","volume":"81","author":"L Bacharova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bacharova L et al (2023) ISE\/ISHNE expert consensus statement on ECG diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy: the change of the paradigm. The joint paper of the international society of electrocardiology and the international society for holter monitoring and noninvasive electrocardiology. J Electrocardiol 81:85\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2023.08.005","journal-title":"J Electrocardiol"},{"key":"7198_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-005-1855-3","volume":"20","author":"JT Flynn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Flynn JT, Alderman MH (2005) Characteristics of children with primary hypertension seen at a referral center. Pediatr Nephrol 20:961\u2013966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-005-1855-3","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7198_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-013-0370-3","volume":"15","author":"RE Kavey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kavey RE (2013) Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive children and adolescents: predictors and prevalence. Curr Hypertens Rep 15:453\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11906-013-0370-3","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"7198_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112140-20230907-00166","volume":"61","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Y et al (2023) Clinical features and risk factors of left ventricular hypertrophy in children with primary hypertension. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 61:1031\u20131037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn112140-20230907-00166","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"7198_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474x.2001.tb00129.x","volume":"37","author":"M Sokolow","year":"1949","unstructured":"Sokolow M, Lyon TP (1949) The ventricular complex in left ventricular hypertrophy as obtained by unipolar precordial and limb leads. Am Heart J 37:161\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1542-474x.2001.tb00129.x","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"7198_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.75.3.565","volume":"75","author":"PN Casale","year":"1987","unstructured":"Casale PN, Devereux RB, Alonso DR, Campo E, Kligfield P (1987) Improved sex-specific criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy for clinical and computer interpretation of electrocardiograms: validation with autopsy findings. Circulation 75:565\u2013572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.75.3.565","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-026-07198-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-026-07198-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-026-07198-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T03:49:31Z","timestamp":1786420171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-026-07198-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["7198"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-026-07198-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 June 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 July 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study had approval from the Ethic Committee of the Capital Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University (No: SHERLL2025011). Each child\u2019s parent or legal guardian\/next of kin provided signed informed consent. This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All participants gave their written consent to participate.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"569"}}