{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T04:28:59Z","timestamp":1786422539806,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-026-07230-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T12:10:13Z","timestamp":1783599013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical phenotypes and early treatment escalation in pediatric acute drug-induced dystonia: A tertiary emergency department cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"185","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2195-3551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y\u0131lmaz","family":"Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2428-9787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ay\u015fe Cansu","family":"Salmano\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4276-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fcl\u015fah","family":"Kartal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2321-808X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammet Sami","family":"Kayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9904-6479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00fcseyin","family":"Per","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7210","key":"7230_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7210.623","volume":"319","author":"PN van Harten","year":"1999","unstructured":"van Harten PN, Hoek HW, Kahn RS (1999) Acute dystonia induced by drug treatment. BMJ 319(7210):623\u2013626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.319.7210.623","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"7230_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.003","volume":"39","author":"SN Caroff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Caroff SN, Campbell EC (2016) Drug-induced extrapyramidal syndromes: implications for contemporary practice. Psychiatr Clin North Am 39(3):391\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psc.2016.04.003","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"7230_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.15441\/ceem.16.181","volume":"4","author":"HW Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park HW, Kwak JR, Lee JS (2017) Clinical characteristics of acute drug-induced dystonia in pediatric patients. Clin Exp Emerg Med 4(4):227\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15441\/ceem.16.181","journal-title":"Clin Exp Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"7230_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2011-200691","volume":"30","author":"O Derinoz G\u00fclery\u00fcz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Derinoz G\u00fclery\u00fcz O, Akca Caglar A (2013) Drug-induced movement disorders in children at paediatric emergency department: \u201cdystonia.\u201d Emerg Med J 30(2):130\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/emermed-2011-200691","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"9","key":"7230_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e528","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001960","volume":"37","author":"C Yarar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yarar C, Yakut A, Carman KB, Sahin S, Kocak O, Ozkan S, Bal C (2021) Metoclopramide-induced acute dystonia: data from a pediatric emergency unit. Pediatr Emerg Care 37(9):e528\u2013e533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001960","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"23\u201324","key":"7230_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3638","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12984","volume":"24","author":"I Cavero-Redondo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cavero-Redondo I, \u00c1lvarez-Bueno C, Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, D\u00edez-Fern\u00e1ndez A, Notario-Pacheco B (2015) Risk of extrapyramidal side effects comparing continuous vs. bolus intravenous metoclopramide administration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Clin Nurs 24(23\u201324):3638\u20133646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocn.12984","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"7230_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2025.18","volume":"68","author":"K Catthoor","year":"2025","unstructured":"Catthoor K, Detraux J, De Hert M (2025) The epidemiology and phenomenology of non-antipsychotic-induced dystonia: a hybrid systematic-narrative review. Eur Psychiatry 68(1):e36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2025.18","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"7230_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2016.1229301","volume":"15","author":"C Rafaniello","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rafaniello C, Pozzi M, Pisano S, Ferrajolo C, Bertella S, Sportiello L et al (2016) Second generation antipsychotics in \u2018real-life\u2019 paediatric patients. Adverse drug reactions and clinical outcomes of drug switch. Expert Opin Drug Saf 15(Suppl 2):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14740338.2016.1229301","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"issue":"3","key":"7230_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/00063110-200506000-00004","volume":"12","author":"U Yis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yis U, Ozdemir D, Duman M, Unal N (2005) Metoclopramide induced dystonia in children: two case reports. Eur J Emerg Med 12(3):117\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00063110-200506000-00004","journal-title":"Eur J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"674","key":"7230_CR10","first-page":"464","volume":"92","author":"JL Ayers","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ayers JL, Dawson KP (1980) Acute dystonic reactions in childhood to drugs. N Z Med J 92(674):464\u2013465","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"7230_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1984.11698008","volume":"75","author":"U Dahiya","year":"1984","unstructured":"Dahiya U, Noronha P (1984) Drug-induced acute dystonic reactions in children. Alternatives to diphenhydramine therapy. Postgrad Med 75(5):286\u2013287, 290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00325481.1984.11698008","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"7230_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120192","volume":"445","author":"JF Baizabal-Carvallo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Jankovic J (2022) The spectrum of acute drug-induced movement disorders: clinical approach and management. J Neurol Sci 445:120192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120192","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"7230_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1M643","volume":"44","author":"IS Hong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hong IS, Bishop JR (2010) Anticholinergic use in children and adolescents after initiation of antipsychotic therapy. Ann Pharmacother 44(7\u20138):1171\u20131180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.1M643","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"3","key":"7230_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881105051543","volume":"19","author":"C Christodoulou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Christodoulou C, Kalaitzi C (2005) Antipsychotic drug-induced acute laryngeal dystonia: two case reports and a mini review. J Psychopharmacol 19(3):307\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269881105051543","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7230_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.14581\/jer.21025","volume":"11","author":"A Emorinken","year":"2021","unstructured":"Emorinken A, Agbadaola OR (2021) Metoclopramide-induced acute dystonia misdiagnosed as an epileptic seizure in a lupus patient. J Epilepsy Res 11(2):156\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14581\/jer.21025","journal-title":"J Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"7230_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2012.63.3.274","volume":"63","author":"YY Jo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jo YY, Lee MG, Kim YB, Park YM, Lee JH (2012) Acute dystonic reaction following metoclopramide administration during anesthesia recovery. Korean J Anesthesiol 63(3):274\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4097\/kjae.2012.63.3.274","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7230_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1P332","volume":"45","author":"A Patel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Patel A, Mittal S, Manchanda S, Puliyel JM (2011) Ondansetron-induced dystonia, hypoglycemia, and seizures in a child. Ann Pharmacother 45(1):e7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.1P332","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"48","key":"7230_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000036140","volume":"102","author":"C Elendu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elendu C, Adenikinju J, Ogala F, Ologunde T, Adebambo S, Egbunu E (2023) Metoclopramide-induced acute dystonic reaction: a pediatric case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 102(48):e36140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000036140","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"7230_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2020.01.013","volume":"106","author":"L Kirkpatrick","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick L, Sogawa Y, Cleves C (2020) Acute dystonic reactions in children treated for headache with prochlorperazine or metoclopramide. Pediatr Neurol 106:63\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2020.01.013","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7230_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2019.0123","volume":"30","author":"S Tural Hesapcioglu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tural Hesapcioglu S, Ceylan MF, Kandemir G, Kasak M, Sen CP, Correll CU (2020) Frequency and correlates of acute dystonic reactions after antipsychotic initiation in children and adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 30(7):441\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cap.2019.0123","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7230_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-024-01078-z","volume":"38","author":"N Vanegas-Arroyave","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vanegas-Arroyave N, Caroff SN, Citrome L et al (2024) Evidence-based update on anticholinergic use for drug-\u0131nduced movement disorders. CNS Drugs 38(4):239\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40263-024-01078-z","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"9","key":"7230_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000214289","volume":"105","author":"C Desjardins","year":"2025","unstructured":"Desjardins C, Nilles C, Gimeno H et al (2025) Nonmotor symptom scales in children with movement disorders: a scoping review. Neurology 105(9):e214289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000214289","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"7230_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.70122","volume":"41","author":"C Desjardins","year":"2025","unstructured":"Desjardins C, Nilles C, Gimeno H et al (2025) Non-motor symptom scales in pediatric movement disorders: a call for diagnostic-specific tools. Mov Disord 41(1):63\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.70122","journal-title":"Mov Disord"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-026-07230-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00431-026-07230-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00431-026-07230-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T03:49:50Z","timestamp":1786420190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00431-026-07230-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["7230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-026-07230-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the local institutional ethics committee (Approval number: 2024\/79).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was waived by the ethics committee due to the retrospective design and use of de-identified data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"564"}}