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Data from 586 participants (aged 4\u20135\u00a0years at baseline) from the SENDO project were analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed through a validated 149-item FFQ, completed by parents, and categorized by NOVA classification. Physical activity, screen time, and sleep time were assessed through questionnaires, based on the 24-h movement guidelines established by the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology and the WHO. Overall, 92.0% of participants adhered to at least one guideline, 38.9% met all three, and only 8.0% met none of the recommendations. After adjusting for confounders, children in the highest UPF tertile (T3) had a rate ratio (RR) of 1.27 (95% CI 1.04\u20131.55;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.021) compared with the lowest (T1). A significant linear trend was observed across UPF tertiles (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    for trend\u2009=\u20090.022). Moreover, children in T3 had a greater likelihood of not meeting the recreational screen time guideline (RR 1.82, 95% CI 1.18\u20132.64;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.036) than those in T1. Absolute screen time was significantly higher in T3 than T1 (1.31\u2009\u00b1\u20091.11 vs. 0.94\u2009\u00b1\u20091.18\u00a0h\/day;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    :\u00a0This study suggests that higher UPF consumption is associated with a lower adherence to 24-h movement recommendations\u2014specifically regarding an increased likelihood of not complying with the recreational screen time recommendation. This highlights the importance of reducing UPF intake to support healthy behaviors over time in early life.\n                    <jats:table-wrap>\n                      <jats:table>\n                        <jats:tbody>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is Known:<\/jats:bold>\n                              \u2022\n                              <jats:italic>Only a limited number of longitudinal studies have investigated the potential long-term association between dietary habits and the 24-h movement guidelines.<\/jats:italic>\n                              \u2022\n                              <jats:italic>Higher consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is consistently linked to nutrient imbalances and adverse metabolic outcomes in children and adolescents.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>What is New:<\/jats:bold>\n                              \u2022\n                              <jats:italic>This is the first study to prospectively investigate the relationship between early-life UPF intake and subsequent nonadherence to the 24-h movement guidelines in preschoolers.<\/jats:italic>\n                              \u2022\n                              <jats:italic>Higher baseline UPF intake predicts a lower likelihood of meeting the movement recommendations after a 2-year follow-up, an association primarily driven by increased sedentary screen time.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                        <\/jats:tbody>\n                      <\/jats:table>\n                    <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-026-07287-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T04:38:36Z","timestamp":1785299916000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prospective association between baseline ultra-processed food consumption and future adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines in children: findings from the SENDO project"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Nadia","family":"Paladino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Francisco","family":"L\u00f3pez-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nerea","family":"Mart\u00edn-Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"7287_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13126","volume":"21","author":"P Baker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baker P, Machado P, Santos T, Sievert K, Backholer K, Hadjikakou M et al (2020) Ultra-processed foods and the nutrition transition: global, regional and national trends, food systems transformations and political economy drivers. 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