{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:14:26Z","timestamp":1790194466797,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]],"date-time":"2019-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]],"date-time":"2019-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Business Expense of Universities in Heilongjiang Province","award":["2018-KYYWFMY-0008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-KYYWFMY-0008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microsatellites are widely distributed repetitive DNA motifs, accounting for approximately 3% of the genome. Due to mismatch repair system deficiency, insertion or deletion of repetitive units often occurs, leading to microsatellite instability. In this review, we aimed to explore the relationship between MSI and biological behaviour of colorectal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, lymphoma\/leukaemia and endometrial carcinoma, as well as the application of frameshift peptide vaccines in cancer therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relevant literature from PubMed and Baidu Xueshu were reviewed in this article. The ClinicalTrials.gov database was searched for clinical trials related to the specific topic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microsatellite instability is divided into three subtypes: high-level, low-level microsatellite instability, and stable microsatellites. The majority of tumour patients with high-level microsatellite instability often show a better efficacy and prognosis than those with low-level microsatellite instability or stable microsatellites. In coding regions, especially for genes involved in tumourigenesis, microsatellite instability often results in inactivation of proteins and contributes to tumourigenesis. Moreover, the occurrence of microsatellite instability in coding regions can also cause the generation of frameshift peptides that are thought to be unknown and novel to the individual immune system. Thus, these frameshift peptides have the potential to be biomarkers to raise tumour-specific immune responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MSI has the potential to become a key predictor for evaluating the degree of malignancy, efficacy and prognosis of tumours. Clinically, MSI patterns will provide more valuable information for clinicians to create optimal individualized treatment strategies based on frameshift peptides vaccines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-019-03053-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]],"date-time":"2019-10-15T08:47:36Z","timestamp":1571129256000},"page":"2891-2899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Correlations between microsatellite instability and the biological behaviour of tumours"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Guang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru-yi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0780-7627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zai-shun","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"3053_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26167","volume":"130","author":"P Alhopuro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alhopuro P et al (2012) Candidate driver genes in microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 130:1558\u20131566. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.26167","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"3053_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26399","volume":"131","author":"JY An","year":"2012","unstructured":"An JY, Kim H, Cheong JH, Hyung WJ, Kim H, Noh SH (2012) Microsatellite instability in sporadic gastric cancer: its prognostic role and guidance for 5-FU based chemotherapy after R0 resection. Int J Cancer 131:505\u2013511. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.26399","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"3053_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.07.015","volume":"13","author":"S Arulananda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arulananda S, Thapa B, Walkiewicz M, Zapparoli GV, Williams DS, Dobrovic A, John T (2018) Mismatch repair protein defects and microsatellite instability in malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol 13:1588\u20131594. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.07.015","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"3053_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmc1510353","volume":"373","author":"Y Asaoka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Asaoka Y, Ijichi H, Koike K (2015) PD-1 blockade in tumors with mismatch-repair deficiency. N Engl J Med 373:1979. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmc1510353","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3053_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2018.01.013","author":"G Badalamenti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Badalamenti G et al (2018) Role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with solid tumors: can a drop dig a stone? Cell Immunol. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellimm.2018.01.013","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"3053_CR6","first-page":"5248","volume":"58","author":"CR Boland","year":"1998","unstructured":"Boland CR et al (1998) A National Cancer Institute Workshop on Microsatellite Instability for cancer detection and familial predisposition: development of international criteria for the determination of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 58:5248\u20135257","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"3053_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.743","volume":"305","author":"V Bonadona","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bonadona V et al (2011) Cancer risks associated with germline mutations in MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6 genes in Lynch syndrome. JAMA 305:2304\u20132310. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2011.743","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3053_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2012.776","volume":"4","author":"LP Caliman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Caliman LP et al (2012) Evaluation of microsatellite instability in women with epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 4:556\u2013560. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ol.2012.776","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"3053_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-017-9991-0","volume":"48","author":"L Chang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chang L, Chang M, Chang HM, Chang F (2017) Expending role of microsatellite instability in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancers. J Gastrointest Cancer 48:305\u2013313. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12029-017-9991-0","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Cancer"},{"key":"3053_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1274","volume":"7","author":"N Charalampakis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Charalampakis N et al (2018) Medical management of gastric cancer: a 2017 update. Cancer Med 7:123\u2013133. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.1274","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"3053_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2005.11.031","volume":"255","author":"DA Chistiakov","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chistiakov DA, Hellemans B, Volckaert FAM (2006) Microsatellites and their genomic distribution, evolution, function and applications: A review with special reference to fish genetics. Aquaculture 255:1\u201329. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2005.11.031","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"3053_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.23618","volume":"110","author":"YY Choi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choi YY et al (2014) Is microsatellite instability a prognostic marker in gastric cancer? A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Surg Oncol 110:129\u2013135. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jso.23618","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"3053_CR13","first-page":"179","volume":"24","author":"CA Cullis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cullis CA (2002) The use of DNA polymorphisms in genetic mapping. Genet Eng 24:179\u2013189","journal-title":"Genet Eng"},{"key":"3053_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-015-2030-2","volume":"142","author":"T Eto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eto T et al (2016) Modal variety of microsatellite instability in human endometrial carcinomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 142:353\u2013363. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00432-015-2030-2","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3053_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-072610-155046","volume":"44","author":"R Gemayel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gemayel R, Vinces MD, Legendre M, Verstrepen KJ (2010) Variable tandem repeats accelerate evolution of coding and regulatory sequences. Annu Rev Genet 44:445\u2013477. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-genet-072610-155046","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"key":"3053_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2018.3643","volume":"42","author":"X Hang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hang X, Li D, Wang J, Wang G (2018) Prognostic significance of microsatellite instability-associated pathways and genes in gastric cancer. Int J Mol Med 42:149\u2013160. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijmm.2018.3643","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"3053_CR17","first-page":"693","volume":"90","author":"G Herzog","year":"2005","unstructured":"Herzog G, Lu-Hesselmann J, Zimmermann Y, Haferlach T, Hiddemann W, Dreyling M (2005) Microsatellite instability and p53 mutations are characteristic of subgroups of acute myeloid leukemia but independent events. Haematologica 90:693\u2013695","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"3053_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a012633","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a012633","volume":"5","author":"J Jiricny","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jiricny J (2013) Postreplicative mismatch repair Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology 5:a012633. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a012633","journal-title":"Postreplicative mismatch repair Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology"},{"key":"3053_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12626","volume":"501","author":"MR Junttila","year":"2013","unstructured":"Junttila MR, de Sauvage FJ (2013) Influence of tumour micro-environment heterogeneity on therapeutic response. Nature 501:346\u2013354. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature12626","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3053_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2015.56.1.175","volume":"56","author":"J Kang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kang J, Lee HW, Kim IK, Kim NK, Sohn SK, Lee KY (2015) Clinical implications of microsatellite instability in T1 colorectal cancer. Yonsei Med J 56:175\u2013181. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3349\/ymj.2015.56.1.175","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"3053_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2015.06.012","volume":"28","author":"S Kelderman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kelderman S, Schumacher TN, Kvistborg P (2015) Mismatch repair-deficient cancers are targets for anti-PD-1 therapy. Cancer Cell 28:11\u201313. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2015.06.012","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"3053_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2016.161","volume":"115","author":"CG Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim CG et al (2016) Effects of microsatellite instability on recurrence patterns and outcomes in colorectal cancers. Br J Cancer 115:25\u201333. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bjc.2016.161","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"3053_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v10.i1.1","volume":"10","author":"M Koi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koi M, Tseng-Rogenski SS, Carethers JM (2018) Inflammation-associated microsatellite alterations: Mechanisms and significance in the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 10:1\u201314. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.4251\/wjgo.v10.i1.1","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"3053_CR24","first-page":"21138","volume":"8","author":"B Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li B, Liu HY, Guo SH, Sun P, Gong FM, Jia BQ (2015) Microsatellite instability of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. Int J Clin Exp Med 8:21138\u201321144","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"3053_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-017-2079-7","volume":"67","author":"Q Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu Q, Zhu H, Liu Y, Musetti S, Huang L (2018) BRAF peptide vaccine facilitates therapy of murine BRAF-mutant melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother CII 67:299\u2013310. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00262-017-2079-7","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother CII"},{"key":"3053_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.Cd-14-0863","volume":"5","author":"NJ Llosa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Llosa NJ et al (2015) The vigorous immune microenvironment of microsatellite instable colon cancer is balanced by multiple counter-inhibitory checkpoints. Cancer Discov 5:43\u201351. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.Cd-14-0863","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"3053_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra012242","volume":"348","author":"HT Lynch","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lynch HT, de la Chapelle A (2003) Hereditary colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 348:919\u2013932. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra012242","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3053_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1097\/pas.0000000000000698","volume":"40","author":"C Ma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ma C, Patel K, Singhi AD, Ren B, Zhu B, Shaikh F, Sun W (2016) Programmed death-ligand 1 expression is common in gastric cancer associated with Epstein-Barr virus or microsatellite instability. Am J Surg Pathol 40:1496\u20131506. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pas.0000000000000698","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"3053_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2013.02.035","volume":"49","author":"C Maletzki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maletzki C, Schmidt F, Dirks WG, Schmitt M, Linnebacher M (2013) Frameshift-derived neoantigens constitute immunotherapeutic targets for patients with microsatellite-instable haematological malignancies: frameshift peptides for treating MSI\u2009+\u2009blood cancers. Eur J Cancer (Oxford, England) 49:2587\u20132595. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2013.02.035","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"3053_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-015-4931-3","volume":"23","author":"D Marrelli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marrelli D et al (2016) Strong prognostic value of microsatellite instability in intestinal type non-cardia gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 23:943\u2013950. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1245\/s10434-015-4931-3","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"3053_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410x.2010.09933.x","volume":"108","author":"K Matsumoto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Matsumoto K et al (2011) A phase I study of personalized peptide vaccination for advanced urothelial carcinoma patients who failed treatment with methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin. BJU Int 108:831\u2013838. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-410x.2010.09933.x","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"3053_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-016-2294-1","volume":"143","author":"K Miyashita","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miyashita K et al (2017) A specific mode of microsatellite instability is a crucial biomarker in adult T-cell leukaemia\/lymphoma patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 143:399\u2013408. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00432-016-2294-1","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3053_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2016.05.013","volume":"42","author":"HM Mohan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mohan HM et al (2016) Microsatellite instability is associated with reduced disease specific survival in stage III colon cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 42:1680\u20131686. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejso.2016.05.013","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"3053_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1603702","volume":"374","author":"PT Nghiem","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nghiem PT et al (2016) PD-1 blockade with pembrolizumab in advanced merkel-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 374:2542\u20132552. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa1603702","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3053_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602532","volume":"92","author":"E Niv","year":"2005","unstructured":"Niv E, Bomstein Y, Yuklea M, Lishner M (2005) Microsatellite instability in patients with chronic B-cell lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Cancer 92:1517\u20131523. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602532","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"3053_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vii97","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdl960","volume":"17","author":"L Ottini","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ottini L et al (2006) Patterns of genomic instability in gastric cancer: clinical implications and perspectives. Ann Oncol 17(Suppl 7):vii97\u2013vii102. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdl960","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"3053_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.24513","volume":"115","author":"K Polom","year":"2017","unstructured":"Polom K et al (2017) Molecular key to understand the gastric cancer biology in elderly patients\u2014the role of microsatellite instability. J Surg Oncol 115:344\u2013350. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jso.24513","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"3053_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5302.967","volume":"275","author":"N Rampino","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rampino N, Yamamoto H, Ionov Y, Li Y, Sawai H, Reed JC, Perucho M (1997) Somatic frameshift mutations in the BAX gene in colon cancers of the microsatellite mutator phenotype. Science (New York, NY) 275:967\u2013969. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.275.5302.967","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"key":"3053_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2014.223677","volume":"60","author":"SJ Salipante","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salipante SJ, Scroggins SM, Hampel HL, Turner EH, Pritchard CC (2014) Microsatellite instability detection by next generation sequencing. Clin Chem 60:1192\u20131199. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2014.223677","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"3053_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5691","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.Can-06-4314","volume":"67","author":"H Sammalkorpi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sammalkorpi H et al (2007) Background mutation frequency in microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 67:5691\u20135698. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.Can-06-4314","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3053_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S109","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2014.127","volume":"28","author":"WS Samowitz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Samowitz WS (2015) Evaluation of colorectal cancers for Lynch syndrome: practical molecular diagnostics for surgical pathologists. Mod Pathol 28(Suppl 1):S109\u2013S113. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/modpathol.2014.127","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"3053_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9440(10)64102-8","volume":"158","author":"WS Samowitz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Samowitz WS et al (2001) Inverse relationship between microsatellite instability and K-ras and p53 gene alterations in colon cancer. Am J Pathol 158:1517\u20131524. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9440(10)64102-8","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"3053_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010615)91:12<2417::AID-CNCR1276>3.0.CO;2-U","volume":"91","author":"TC Smyrk","year":"2001","unstructured":"Smyrk TC, Watson P, Kaul K, Lynch HT (2001) Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are a marker for microsatellite instability in colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 91:2417\u20132422","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"3053_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29916","volume":"138","author":"R Sugimoto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sugimoto R et al (2016) Clinicopathological and molecular alterations in early gastric cancers with the microsatellite instability-high phenotype. Int J Cancer 138:1689\u20131697. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.29916","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"3053_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310839","volume":"66","author":"ED Thompson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thompson ED et al (2017) Patterns of PD-L1 expression and CD8 T cell infiltration in gastric adenocarcinomas and associated immune stroma. Gut 66:794\u2013801. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310839","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"3053_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21262","volume":"65","author":"LA Torre","year":"2015","unstructured":"Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A (2015) Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin 65:87\u2013108. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21262","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"3053_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5760","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3306","volume":"6","author":"Z Vaksman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vaksman Z, Garner HR (2015) Somatic microsatellite variability as a predictive marker for colorectal cancer and liver cancer progression. Oncotarget 6:5760\u20135771. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.3306","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"3053_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16433","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i44.16433","volume":"20","author":"S Velho","year":"2014","unstructured":"Velho S, Fernandes MS, Leite M, Figueiredo C, Seruca R (2014) Causes and consequences of microsatellite instability in gastric carcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 20:16433\u201316442. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v20.i44.16433","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"3053_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.97","volume":"31","author":"CJ Walker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Walker CJ et al (2017) No evidence for microsatellite instability in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 31:1474\u20131476. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/leu.2017.97","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"3053_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22044","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.37.22044","volume":"270","author":"J Wang","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wang J et al (1995) Demonstration that mutation of the type II transforming growth factor beta receptor inactivates its tumor suppressor activity in replication error-positive colon carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 270:22044\u201322049. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.270.37.22044","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3053_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3233\/CBM-2006-21-208","volume":"2","author":"SM Woerner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Woerner SM, Kloor M, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Gebert JF (2006) Microsatellite instability in the development of DNA mismatch repair deficient tumors. Cancer Biomark 2:69\u201386","journal-title":"Cancer Biomark"},{"key":"3053_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3878","volume":"15","author":"HT Lynch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lynch HT, Snyder CL, Shaw TG, Heinen CD, Hitchins MP (2015) Milestones of Lynch syndrome: 1895\u20132015. Nat Rev Cancer 15:181\u2013194. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrc3878","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"3053_CR53","first-page":"191","volume":"14","author":"M Matsushita","year":"2005","unstructured":"Matsushita M et al (2005) Methylation of the MLH1 gene in hematological malignancies. Oncol Rep 14:191\u2013194","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"3053_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-015-1474-0","volume":"89","author":"H Yamamoto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yamamoto H, Imai K (2015) Microsatellite instability: an update. Arch Toxicol 89:899\u2013921. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-015-1474-0","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"3053_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5652","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23790","volume":"9","author":"H Yamashita","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yamashita H et al (2018) Microsatellite instability is a biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitors in endometrial cancer. Oncotarget 9:5652\u20135664. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.23790","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"3053_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.76","volume":"32","author":"A Yeramian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yeramian A et al (2013) Endometrial carcinoma: molecular alterations involved in tumor development and progression. Oncogene 32:403\u2013413","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"3053_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2015.506","volume":"3","author":"L Zhu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhu L, Li Z, Wang Y, Zhang C, Liu Y, Qu X (2015) Microsatellite instability and survival in gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Clin Oncol 3:699\u2013705. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mco.2015.506","journal-title":"Mol Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00432-019-03053-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00432-019-03053-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00432-019-03053-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T19:17:00Z","timestamp":1602616620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00432-019-03053-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00432-019-03053-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0171-5216","1432-1335"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0171-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1335","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 July 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 October 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 October 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Human and animal rights: no animal or human was involved in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}