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Here, we studied the expression of PD-L1 in squamous\u00a0cell carcinomas of the vulva (SCCV) with regard to HPV status via its surrogate marker p16. Additionally, the status of PD-L1 and p16 were analyzed for prognostic information and potential correlation to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>PD-L1 was analyzed in 128 cases of SCCV using the tumor proportion score (TPS), the immune cell score (ICS) and the combined positive score (CPS). Cases were immunostained for p16 and analyzed for stromal TILs. PD-L1, p16, and TILs were compared to clinico-pathological parameters and patient\u2019s survival.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>TPS\u2009\u2265\u200950% and CPS\u2009\u2265\u200950 were correlated to a worse grading (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.031), but not to FIGO-stage. CPS\u2009\u2265\u200950 was associated to a worse prognosis with overall survival (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.021) but was not correlated to the progression-free survival. P16-positivity was correlated to a longer progression-free survival (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006) and overall survival (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.023). PD-L1 expression was independent from p16 status. TILs\u2009\u2265\u200950% were present in 24% of the cases and were strongly correlated to PD-L1 (TPS <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02, ICS <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, CPS <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our data demonstrate that PD-L1 expression is frequent in SCCV and independent from p16 status. High PD-L1 expression was associated with an unfavorable outcome whereas p16-positivity turned out to be an independent positive prognostic factor.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-020-03126-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T19:02:25Z","timestamp":1580929345000},"page":"569-577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["PD-L1 expression and survival in p16-negative and -positive squamous\u00a0cell carcinomas of the vulva"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Bastian","family":"Czogalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Trillsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Rottmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Gallwas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Burges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Mahner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kirchner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Udo","family":"Jeschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doris","family":"Mayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7199-3837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Schmoeckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"3126_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.101","volume":"112","author":"K Abiko","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abiko K, Matsumura N, Hamanishi J, Horikawa N, Murakami R, Yamaguchi K, Yoshioka Y, Baba T, Konishi I, Mandai M (2015) IFN-gamma from lymphocytes induces PD-L1 expression and promotes progression of ovarian cancer. 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F.T. declares research support, advisory board, honoraria and travel expenses from AstraZeneca, Medac, PharmaMar, Roche and Tesaro. J. G. received honoraria for lectures from MSD and Roche.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All patients\u2019 data were fully anonymized, and the study was performed according to the standards set in the Declaration of Helsinki 1975. The current study was approved in writing by the Ethics Committee of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (approval number 19-261).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}