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The antiemetic fosaprepitant has shown favorable results in pediatric and adult patients receiving chemotherapy. Data on fosaprepitant in children and adolescents undergoing alloHSCT are missing.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this non-interventional observation study, 120 children and adolescents with a median age of 11.8\u00a0years undergoing alloHSCT after a moderately or highly emetogenic conditioning (MEC or HEC) were analyzed. They received an antiemetic prophylaxis with granisetron (2\u2009\u00d7\u200940\u00a0\u00b5g\/kg\u00a0d<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) with or without fosaprepitant (4\u00a0mg\/kg; single dose, max. 1\u2009\u00d7\u2009150\u00a0mg\/kg BW), and were analyzed in the control (CG; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200960) or fosaprepitant group (FG; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200960). The efficacy and safety of the two antiemetic prophylaxis regimens were analyzed and compared with respect to the acute (0\u201324\u00a0h) and the delayed (&gt;\u200924\u2013120\u00a0h) CINV phase and\u2009&gt;\u2009120\u2013240\u00a0h after MEC or HEC administration.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>During MEC, significantly more patients in the CG experienced vomiting during the first 0\u201324\u00a0h (58.6 vs. 25.0%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0156) and during\u2009&gt;\u200924\u2013120\u00a0h (93.1% vs. 57.1%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0020), compared with the FG. Likewise, significantly more vomiting events (269 vs. 136; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) were registered in the CG. During HEC, significantly more patients in the CG experienced vomiting during the first 0\u201324\u00a0h (32.3 vs. 9.4%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0319) compared with the FG. Significantly more vomiting events (241 vs. 99; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) were registered in the CG. Laboratory and clinical adverse events were not significantly different between the two groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Antiemetic prophylaxis with fosaprepitant and granisetron was well tolerated, safe, and effective in pediatric patients undergoing alloHSCT. However, larger prospective trials are necessary to evaluate these findings.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-020-03143-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]],"date-time":"2020-02-13T19:03:50Z","timestamp":1581620630000},"page":"1089-1100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antiemetic prophylaxis with fosaprepitant and granisetron in pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Karin Melanie","family":"Cabanillas Stanchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Vek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Schlegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim Vincent","family":"Rupprecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Flaadt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Michaelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rupert","family":"Handgretinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8134-7350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela","family":"D\u00f6ring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3143_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2014-0229","volume":"20","author":"M Aapro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aapro M, Carides A, Rapoport BL, Schmoll HJ, Zhang L, Warr D (2015) Aprepitant and fosaprepitant: a 10-year review of efficacy and safety. 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An ethics vote was granted by the Ethics Committee of the University of T\u00fcbingen (726\/2018BO2). Baseline demographics, clinical factors, and survival rates were abstracted from clinical and research records on all patients and maintained on a prospective basis.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Springer\u2019s policy concerning informed consent has been followed.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}