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The mechanism of tumor progression and mucin hypersecretion remains largely unknown, but\n                      <jats:italic>GNAS<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutation is a promising contributor. This review is to systemically summarize the biological background and variant features of\n                      <jats:italic>GNAS<\/jats:italic>\n                      , as well as the impacts of\n                      <jats:italic>GNAS<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutations on mucin expression, tumor cell proliferation, clinical-pathological characteristics, and prognosis of PMP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCBI PubMed database (in English) and WAN FANG DATA (in Chinese) were used for literature search. And NCBI Gene and Protein databases, Ensembl Genome Browser, COSMIC, UniProt, and RCSB PDB database were used for gene and protein review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>GNAS<\/jats:italic>\n                      encodes guanine nucleotide-binding protein \u03b1 subunit (Gs\u03b1). The mutation sites of\n                      <jats:italic>GNAS<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutation in PMP are relatively stable, usually at Chr20: 57,484,420 (base pair: C-G) and Chr20: 57,484,421 (base pair: G-C). Typical\n                      <jats:italic>GNAS<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutation results in the reduction of GTP enzyme activity in Gs\u03b1, causing failure to hydrolyze GTP and release phosphoric acid, and eventually the continuous binding of GTP to Gs\u03b1. The activated Gs\u03b1 could thus continuously promote mucin secretion through stimulating the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway, which is a possible mechanism leading to elevated mucin secretion in PMP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>GNAS<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutation is one of the most important molecular biological features in PMP, with major functions to promote mucin hypersecretion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-020-03321-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T04:09:31Z","timestamp":1595390971000},"page":"2179-2188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The biological basis and function of GNAS mutation in pseudomyxoma peritonei: a review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Yu-Lin","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6018-6538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3321_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8366","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308758101","volume":"101","author":"J Abramowitz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Abramowitz J, Grenet D, Birnbaumer M, Torres HN, Birnbaumer L (2004) XLalphas, the extra-long form of the alpha-subunit of the Gs G protein, is significantly longer than suspected, and so is its companion Alex. 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