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However, in addition to the intrinsic activation of the MAP kinase pathway as a consequence of the BRAFV600E mutation, the potential participation of other signaling pathways to the pathophysiology of the disease remains unclear as the precise origin of the malignant hairy B cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using mRNA gene expression profiling based on the Nanostring technology and the analysis of 290 genes with crucial roles in B cell lymphomas, we defined a 17 gene expression signature specific for HCL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Separate analysis of samples from classical and variant forms of hairy cell leukemia showed almost similar mRNA expression profiles apart from overexpression in vHCL of the immune checkpoints<jats:italic>CD274<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>PDCD1LG2<\/jats:italic>and underexpression of<jats:italic>FAS<\/jats:italic>. Our results point to a post-germinal memory B cell origin and in some samples to the activation of the non-canonical NF-\u03baB pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides a better understanding of the pathogenesis of HCL and describes new and potential targets for treatment approaches and guidance for studies in the molecular mechanisms of HCL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-022-04010-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T05:02:46Z","timestamp":1651035766000},"page":"2013-2022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Hairy cell leukemia: a specific 17-gene expression signature points to new targets for therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Elsa","family":"Maitre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edouard","family":"Cornet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agathe","family":"Debliquis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Drenou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Gravey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Chollet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephane","family":"Cheze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myl\u00e8ne","family":"Docquier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Troussard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4875-2477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Matthes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"4010_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227586","volume":"15","author":"E Arons","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arons E, Zhou H, Sokolsky M et al (2020) Expression of the muscle-associated gene MYF6 in hairy cell leukemia. 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