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The diagnostic process is still long and costly, with a high percentage of false-positive or -negative results. Due to the cost and lack of effectiveness, older methods need to be supplemented or replaced by a newer more reliable method. In this regard, proteins and glycoproteins pose high potential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed an online search in PubMed\/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to find relevant studies published in English up until May 2023. If applicable, we set the AUC threshold to 0.90 and sensitivity\/specificity (SN\/SP) to 90%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Protein and glycoprotein biomarkers are a demonstrably viable option in BC diagnostics. Cholinesterase shows promise in progression-free survival. BLCA-4, ORM-1 along with HTRA1 in the detection of BC. Matrix metallopeptidase 9 exhibits potential for stratification of muscle-invasive subtypes with high negative predictive value for aggressive phenotypes. Distinguishing non-muscle invasive subtypes benefits from Keratin 17. Neu5Gc-modified UMOD glycoproteins pose potential in BC diagnosis, while fibronectin, laminin-5, collagen type IV, and lamprey immunity protein in early detection of BC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-024-05623-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T15:02:56Z","timestamp":1708354976000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Current look at the most promising proteomic and glycomic biomarkers of bladder cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Harsanyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Kianickova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Katrlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lubos","family":"Danisovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislav","family":"Ziaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"5623_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2174\/1568006053005056","volume":"5","author":"S Adamia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Adamia S, Maxwell CA, Pilarski LM (2005) Hyaluronan and hyaluronan synthases: potential therapeutic targets in cancer. 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