{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:50:43Z","timestamp":1785423043076,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has enhanced survival outcomes for certain patients with advanced biliary tract carcinoma (BTC). Pinpointing those who would benefit most from immunotherapy remains elusive. We investigated the predictive value of the modified Gustave Roussy Immune Score (mGRIm-s) in BTC patients treated with ICIs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data from 110 patients at Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, spanning September 2015 to April 2021, were analyzed. The median follow-up duration was 38.7\u00a0months as of December 2023. Risk factors included low albumin, high lactate dehydrogenase, and an elevated neutrophil\u2013lymphocyte ratio. Patients were stratified into low (patients with no risk factors) and high (patients with at least one risk factor) mGRIm-s groups based on these factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Survival outcomes post-immunotherapy favored the low mGRIm-s group, with significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (8.50\u00a0months vs. 3.70\u00a0months and 21.60\u00a0months vs. 8.00\u00a0months). COX regression confirmed an elevated risk in the high mGRIm-s group. Subgroup analysis highlighted a notable survival advantage for low mGRIm-s patients receiving first-line immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study underscores mGRIm-s's potential in predicting immunotherapy response in BTC, paving the way for more targeted approaches.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-024-05771-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T13:01:52Z","timestamp":1715259712000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prognosis of patients with advanced bile tract carcinoma: assessment using the modified-Gustave Roussy Immune Score (mGRIm-s) as a clinico-immunological tool"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huafang","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanghai","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"5771_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2005.03.014","volume":"37","author":"JM Argil\u00e9s","year":"2005","unstructured":"Argil\u00e9s JM, Busquets S, L\u00f3pez-Soriano FJ (2005) The pivotal role of cytokines in muscle wasting during cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37(10):2036\u20132046","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5771_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-11558-y","volume":"23","author":"V Aslan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aslan V et al (2023) The role of spleen volume change in predicting immunotherapy response in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 23(1):1045","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"5771_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0310-z","volume":"17","author":"JM Banales","year":"2020","unstructured":"Banales JM et al (2020) Cholangiocarcinoma 2020: the next horizon in mechanisms and management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 17(9):557\u2013588","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5771_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.03.013","volume":"71","author":"P Bertuccio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bertuccio P et al (2019) Global trends in mortality from intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatol 71(1):104\u2013114","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"5771_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.07.027","volume":"84","author":"F Bigot","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bigot F et al (2017) Prospective validation of a prognostic score for patients in immunotherapy phase I trials: the Gustave Roussy Immune Score (GRIm-Score). Eur J Cancer 84:212\u2013218","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"5771_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.008","volume":"27","author":"GA Brooks","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brooks GA (2018) The science and translation of lactate shuttle theory. Cell Metab 27(4):757\u2013785","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"5771_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.09.027","volume":"119","author":"D Cai","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cai D et al (2004) IKKbeta\/NF-kappaB activation causes severe muscle wasting in mice. Cell 119(2):285\u2013298","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"5771_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-006-0097-7","volume":"14","author":"C Camps","year":"2006","unstructured":"Camps C et al (2006) Anorexia-Cachexia syndrome in cancer: implications of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Support Care Cancer 14(12):1173\u20131183","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"5771_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2280002","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2023.2280002","volume":"55","author":"J Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao J et al (2023) Predictive value of immunotherapy-induced inflammation indexes: dynamic changes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Ann Med 55(2):2280002","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"5771_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01143","volume":"9","author":"KG de la Cruz-L\u00f3pez","year":"2019","unstructured":"de la Cruz-L\u00f3pez KG et al (2019) Lactate in the regulation of tumor microenvironment and therapeutic approaches. Front Oncol 9:1143","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"5771_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31410","volume":"73 Suppl 1","author":"L Fabris","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fabris L et al (2021) The tumor microenvironment in cholangiocarcinoma progression. Hepatology 73 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):75\u201385","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5771_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-020-01151-3","volume":"19","author":"JQ Fan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fan JQ et al (2020) Current advances and outlooks in immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer 19(1):32","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"5771_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7","volume":"12","author":"K Fearon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fearon K et al (2011) Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus. Lancet Oncol 12(5):489\u2013495","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5771_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/s11523-023-01007-y","volume":"18","author":"S Fung","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fung S, Syed YY (2023) Durvalumab: a review in advanced biliary tract cancer. Target Oncol 18(6):965\u2013972","journal-title":"Target Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5771_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4484","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15964","volume":"114","author":"Q Huai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huai Q et al (2023) Peripheral blood inflammatory biomarkers dynamics reflect treatment response and predict prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients with neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Cancer Sci 114(12):4484\u20134498","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"5771_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14071748","volume":"14","author":"S Kang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kang S, El-Rayes BF, Akce M (2022) evolving role of immunotherapy in advanced biliary tract cancers. Cancers 14(7):1748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers14071748","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"15","key":"5771_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3993","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15153993","volume":"15","author":"E Kawamura","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kawamura E, Matsubara T, Kawada N (2023) New era of immune-based therapy in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers 15(15):3993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15153993","journal-title":"Cancers (basel)"},{"issue":"10391","key":"5771_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00727-4","volume":"401","author":"RK Kelley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kelley RK et al (2023) Pembrolizumab in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin compared with gemcitabine and cisplatin alone for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (KEYNOTE-966): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 401(10391):1853\u20131865","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5771_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.10.015","volume":"84","author":"SJ Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li SJ et al (2020) Gustave Roussy Immune Score based on a three-category risk assessment scale serves as a novel and effective prognostic indicator for surgically resectable early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer: a propensity score matching retrospective cohort study. Int J Surg 84:25\u201340","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"5771_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2015.12.001","volume":"41","author":"MV Liberti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liberti MV, Locasale JW (2016) The Warburg effect: how does it benefit cancer cells? Trends Biochem Sci 41(3):211\u2013218","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"issue":"19","key":"5771_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17511","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-023-05465-9","volume":"149","author":"M Lipshitz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lipshitz M et al (2023) Emerging markers of cancer cachexia and their relationship to sarcopenia. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 149(19):17511\u201317527","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"13","key":"5771_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3312","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15133312","volume":"15","author":"JH Lo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lo JH et al (2023) Immunotherapy in Biliary Tract Cancers: Current Standard-of-Care and Emerging Strategies. Cancers (basel) 15(13):3312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15133312","journal-title":"Cancers (basel)"},{"issue":"10","key":"5771_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-023-02214-0","volume":"128","author":"LX Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma LX et al (2023) Systemic inflammatory prognostic scores in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 128(10):1916\u20131921","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"5771_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04419-6","volume":"21","author":"D Mallardo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mallardo D et al (2023) CD39 and LDHA affects the prognostic role of NLR in metastatic melanoma patients treated with immunotherapy. J Transl Med 21(1):610","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"5771_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI143759","volume":"131","author":"AJ McFarlane","year":"2021","unstructured":"McFarlane AJ et al (2021) Neutrophil dynamics in the tumor microenvironment. J Clin Invest 131(6):e143759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI143759","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"5771_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2022.11.032","volume":"181","author":"TBS Miholjcic","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miholjcic TBS et al (2023) Rationale for LDH-targeted cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Cancer 181:166\u2013178","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"5771_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1950411","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2021.1950411","volume":"10","author":"K Morimoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morimoto K et al (2021) Impact of cancer cachexia on the therapeutic outcome of combined chemoimmunotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study. Oncoimmunology 10(1):1950411","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5771_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14010186","volume":"14","author":"A Muhammed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muhammed A et al (2021) The systemic inflammatory response identifies patients with adverse clinical outcome from immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers 14(1):186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers14010186","journal-title":"Cancers (basel)"},{"issue":"12","key":"5771_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7400","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-022-12226-4","volume":"29","author":"N Nakazawa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nakazawa N et al (2022) Changes in the Gustave Roussy immune score as a powerful prognostic marker of the therapeutic sensitivity of nivolumab in advanced gastric cancer: a multicenter. Retrospective Study Ann Surg Oncol 29(12):7400\u20137406","journal-title":"Retrospective Study Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"6679","key":"5771_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadf6493","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf6493","volume":"383","author":"MSF Ng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ng MSF et al (2024) Deterministic reprogramming of neutrophils within tumors. Science 383(6679):eadf6493","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"34","key":"5771_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2023-0468","volume":"19","author":"DY Oh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oh DY et al (2023) Plain language summary of the TOPAZ-1 study: durvalumab and chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract cancer. Future Oncol 19(34):2277\u20132289","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5771_CR302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00043-7","volume":"7","author":"DY Oh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oh DY et al (2022) Gemcitabine and cisplatin plus durvalumab with or without tremelimumab in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced biliary tract cancer: an open-label, single-centre, phase 2 study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 7(6):522\u2013532","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5771_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2011.09.012","volume":"76","author":"CM Op den Kamp","year":"2012","unstructured":"Op den Kamp CM et al (2012) Pre-cachexia in patients with stages I-III non-small cell lung cancer: systemic inflammation and functional impairment without activation of skeletal muscle ubiquitin proteasome system. Lung Cancer 76(1):112\u2013117","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"5771_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110703","volume":"123","author":"H Ouyang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ouyang H et al (2023) Baseline and early changes in the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) predict survival outcomes in advanced colorectal cancer patients treated with immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 123:110703","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"19","key":"5771_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4290","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15194290","volume":"15","author":"Y Pan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pan Y, Ma Y, Dai G (2023) The prognostic value of the prognostic nutritional index in patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer treated with immunotherapy. Nutrients 15(19):4290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15194290","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"8","key":"5771_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33013","volume":"147","author":"SA Piha-Paul","year":"2020","unstructured":"Piha-Paul SA et al (2020) Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab for the treatment of advanced biliary cancer: Results from the KEYNOTE-158 and KEYNOTE-028 studies. Int J Cancer 147(8):2190\u20132198","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"5771_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70153-0","volume":"9","author":"CM Prado","year":"2008","unstructured":"Prado CM et al (2008) Prevalence and clinical implications of sarcopenic obesity in patients with solid tumours of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol 9(7):629\u2013635","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5771_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2920","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-2242","volume":"15","author":"CM Prado","year":"2009","unstructured":"Prado CM et al (2009) Sarcopenia as a determinant of chemotherapy toxicity and time to tumor progression in metastatic breast cancer patients receiving capecitabine treatment. Clin Cancer Res 15(8):2920\u20132926","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"5771_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2022.188762","volume":"1877","author":"H Que","year":"2022","unstructured":"Que H et al (2022) Tumor-associated neutrophils and neutrophil-targeted cancer therapies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 1877(5):188762","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"5771_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15641","volume":"43","author":"M Rimini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rimini M et al (2023) Durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced biliary tract cancer: An early exploratory analysis of real-world data. Liver Int 43(8):1803\u20131812","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"5771_CR304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s11523-024-01032-5","volume":"19","author":"M Rimini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rimini M et al (2024) Different genomic clusters impact on responses in advanced biliary tract cancer treated with cisplatin plus gemcitabine plus durvalumab. Target Oncol 19(2):223\u2013235","journal-title":"Target Oncol"},{"key":"5771_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110773","volume":"123","author":"Y Shi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shi Y et al (2023) Predictive values of the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte and platelet score (HALP) and the modified -Gustave Roussy immune score for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 123:110773","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5771_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21893","volume":"43","author":"IJ Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith IJ et al (2011) Calpain activity is increased in skeletal muscle from gastric cancer patients with no or minimal weight loss. Muscle Nerve 43(3):410\u2013414","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"9","key":"5771_CR301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-019-02386-w","volume":"68","author":"D Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun D et al (2019) Anti-PD-1 therapy combined with chemotherapy in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 68(9):1527\u20131535","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"issue":"22","key":"5771_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6973","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-1525","volume":"15","author":"BH Tan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tan BH et al (2009) Sarcopenia in an overweight or obese patient is an adverse prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 15(22):6973\u20136979","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"5771_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8241","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S329963","volume":"13","author":"Y Tang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tang Y et al (2021) Dynamics of early serum tumour markers and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predict response to PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Manag Res 13:8241\u20138255","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"5771_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5643","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.16073","volume":"42","author":"T Tominaga","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tominaga T et al (2022) Gustave Roussy immune score for predicting postoperative complications and non-cancer death in elderly patients with colon cancer. Anticancer Res 42(11):5643\u20135653","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"5771_CR300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0908721","volume":"362","author":"J Valle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Valle J et al (2010) Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer. N Engl J Med 362(14):1273\u201381","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"5771_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.10.506","volume":"34","author":"A Vogel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vogel A et al (2023) Biliary tract cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 34(2):127\u2013140","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"5771_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-023-01153-5","volume":"25","author":"M Wheless","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wheless M et al (2024) Current standards, multidisciplinary approaches, and future directions in the management of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 25(1):127\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11864-023-01153-5. Epub 2024 Jan 5. PMID: 38177560; PMCID: PMC10824875","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5771_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14092137","volume":"14","author":"E Woods","year":"2022","unstructured":"Woods E et al (2022) Changing landscape of systemic therapy in biliary tract cancer. Cancers (basel) 14(9):2137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers14092137","journal-title":"Cancers (basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"5771_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-020-02706-5","volume":"70","author":"Q Xiong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiong Q et al (2021) Post-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) predicts response to anti-PD-1\/PD-L1 antibody in SCLC patients at early phase. Cancer Immunol Immunother 70(3):713\u2013720","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"issue":"7938","key":"5771_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05400-x","volume":"612","author":"R Xue","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xue R et al (2022) Liver tumour immune microenvironment subtypes and neutrophil heterogeneity. Nature 612(7938):141\u2013147","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"5771_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-023-03077-8","volume":"21","author":"F Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng F et al (2023a) Prognostic roles of hematological indicators for the efficacy and prognosis of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced tumors: a retrospective cohort study. World J Surg Oncol 21(1):198","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5771_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-11255-w","volume":"23","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng Z, Fang L, Cai H (2023b) Cost-effectiveness analysis of pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy alone as first-line treatment for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer in China. BMC Cancer 23(1):823","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-024-05829-9","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00432-024-05771-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00432-024-05771-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00432-024-05771-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T07:07:11Z","timestamp":1719558431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00432-024-05771-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["5771"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00432-024-05771-w","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s00432-024-05829-9","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1432-1335"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1335","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2024","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00432-024-05829-9","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00432-024-05829-9","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Approval of the research protocol by an Institutional Reviewer Board: The present study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee Of Chinese PLA General Hospital (approval No.S2019-136\u201301).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics statement"}},{"value":"All informed consent was obtained from the subjects and\/or guardians.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Registry and the Registration No. of the study\/trial"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Animal studies"}}],"article-number":"247"}}