{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:51:54Z","timestamp":1781643114959,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005626","name":"Universit\u00e4t Regensburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005626","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vaginal cancer (ICD-10: C52) is one of the rarest gynecological malignancies, with limited research on its frequency, long-term survival, therapy-dependent survival, and follow-up of recurrences. This knowledge deficit may lead to potential consequences such as medical over-, under- or wrong therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This nationwide retrospective population-based registry study analyzed patients with vaginal cancer diagnosed between 2000 and 2022 in Germany. A total cohort of 1325 patients was included. To assess prognostic factors related to lymph node involvement, overall survival, recurrence rates, and therapy-dependent survival were analyzed using binary logistic regression, the Kaplan-Meier method, and univariable and multivariable Cox regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean age at diagnosis was 68.5 years and median age was 70.4 years. 30.0% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009398) of patients showed lymph node involvement. Younger age at diagnosis (&lt;\u200960 years), larger tumor size, and lymphatic invasion were noted as significant risk factors for lymph node involvement in multivariable analysis. The 5-year overall survival rate was 53.8% (95%-CI 50.9\u201356.7), significantly influenced by age at diagnosis, nodal status, and tumor size in multivariable analysis. Cumulative recurrence rates for locoregional and distant metastases were 20.4% and 14.3% after 5 years, increasing to 24.3% and 16.5% after 10 years. The most common primary treatment was surgery (39.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009454). Surgery plus radiochemotherapy (OP\u2009+\u2009RCT) provided the most favorable outcome as a primary treatment, whereas radiotherapy alone showed the least benefit of all treatment options.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study identifies important prognostic factors influencing vaginal cancer survival and offers information on treatment optimization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-026-06436-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T19:12:08Z","timestamp":1773256328000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prognostic factors for lymph node infestation, long-term survival and recurrence rates in patients with vaginal cancer: a population-based study in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Shirin","family":"Wenning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gerken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Papathemelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Ortmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Wittenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constanze","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Sackmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylke Ruth","family":"Zeissig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Reinwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Weitmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"M\u00fcller-Nordhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Herr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Klinkhammer-Schalke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Marnitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth Christine","family":"Sturm-Inwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"6436_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13867","volume":"155","author":"TS Adams","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adams TS, Rogers LJ, Cuello MA (2021) Cancer of the vagina: 2021 update. 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