{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T11:51:35Z","timestamp":1773229895113,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum D\u00fcsseldorf. Anstalt \u00f6ffentlichen Rechts"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social inequalities in cancer constitute a major public health challenge. A lower socioeconomic position (SEP) is consistently associated with higher exposure to cancer risk factors, lower participation in screening, more advanced stage at diagnosis, poorer survival, and adverse survivorship outcomes. In Germany, these inequalities remain insufficiently addressed in research and health policy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper synthesises evidence and expert perspectives derived from a national workshop organised by the Cancer Epidemiology Working Group of the German Society for Epidemiology (DGEpi) in collaboration with the German Cancer Research Center. More than 30 experts in cancer epidemiology and social inequality research, together with international contributors, reviewed\u2014based on existing conceptual frameworks\u2014the German data landscape, and empirical evidence across the cancer continuum. Structural, methodological, and ethical barriers were identified, and implications for research, policy, and practice were discussed. An international comparison with Denmark was used to contextualise findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Available evidence demonstrates pronounced socioeconomic inequalities across nearly all stages of the cancer continuum in Germany, including prevention, screening, incidence, diagnosis, survival, and survivorship. However, major research gaps persist. Key barriers include limited availability of individual-level SEP data, reliance on area-based deprivation indices, restricted data linkage, fragmented healthcare structures, and limited integration of equity considerations into national cancer strategies. International experience shows that comprehensive registries, data linkage, and targeted interventions can reduce inequalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reducing social inequalities in cancer in Germany requires coordinated and evidence-based action. Priorities include improving SEP data availability and linkage, embedding equity objectives into the National Cancer Plan, implementing targeted interventions for vulnerable groups, and strengthening intersectoral collaboration. Ethical and patient perspectives strongly support responsible use of health data to address avoidable inequalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-026-06438-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T14:44:34Z","timestamp":1773153874000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Social inequalities in cancer in Germany: a call to action"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"152","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6314-8158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nora Tabea","family":"Sibert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maike","family":"Wellbrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Bedir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Grundmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Hoebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Popova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Schwettmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Arndt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tilman","family":"Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne-Christin","family":"Gude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Connie","family":"Hoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"H\u00fcbner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"L\u00fcckemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Mons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne Oksbjerg","family":"Dalton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Voigtl\u00e4nder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Friederike","family":"Erdmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"6438_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.03.034","volume":"110","author":"M Arcaya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arcaya M, Glymour MM, Christakis NA, Kawachi I, Subramanian SV (2014) Individual and spousal unemployment as predictors of smoking and drinking behavior. Soc Sci Med 110:89\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.03.034","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"6438_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2017-104550","volume":"44","author":"A Ballantyne","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ballantyne A, Schaefer GO (2018) Consent and the ethical duty to participate in health data research. J Med Ethics 44:392\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/medethics-2017-104550","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"key":"6438_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2020-106152","volume":"46","author":"A Ballantyne","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ballantyne A, Schaefer GO (2020) Public interest in health data research: laying out the conceptual groundwork. J Med Ethics 46:610\u2013616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/medethics-2020-106152","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"6438_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549141291s206","volume":"129","author":"P Braveman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Braveman P, Gottlieb L (2014) The social determinants of health: it\u2019s time to consider the causes of the causes. Public Health Rep 129(Suppl 2):19\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00333549141291s206","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"6438_CR5","volume-title":"World cancer report 2014","author":"F Bray","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bray F (2014) Transition in human development and the global cancer burden. In: Stewart B, Wild PW (eds) World cancer report 2014. International Agency for Research on Cancer"},{"key":"6438_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2300-3524","volume":"63","author":"C Breidenbach","year":"2024","unstructured":"Breidenbach C, Ernstmann N, Schellack S, Degenhardt M, Heidkamp P, Heier L, Hiltrop K, Rick O, Soff J, Kowalski C (2024) Return to work after cancer: a systematic review of predictors in Germany. Rehabilitation Stuttg 63:229\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2300-3524","journal-title":"Rehabilitation Stuttg"},{"key":"6438_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-25890-4","author":"S Brinkwirth","year":"2025","unstructured":"Brinkwirth S, Tetzlaff J, Cengia A, Alibone M, Wachtler B, Hoebel J, Tetzlaff F (2025) Individual- and area-level socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence in the working-age population \u2013 a cohort study based on German statutory health insurance data, 2015 to 2019. BMC Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-25890-4","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"6438_CR8","unstructured":"Bundesministerium\u00a0f\u00fcr\u00a0Gesundheit (2021) Bekanntmachung Aktualisierter einheitlicher onkologischer Basisdatensatz der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Deutscher Tumorzentren e. V. (ADT) und der Gesellschaft der epidemiologischen Krebsregister in Deutschland e. V. (GEKID). Bundesanzeiger"},{"key":"6438_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-025-07956-1","volume":"311","author":"M Burgmann","year":"2025","unstructured":"Burgmann M, Hermelink K, Lotz A, Schlager V, Kolben T, Seifert C, Schrodi S, Ganster F, Koenig A, Beyer S, Mahner S, Harbeck N, Wuerstlein R (2025) Influence of breast cancer on life satisfaction in the elderly patient. Arch Gynecol Obstet 311:1163\u20131171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-025-07956-1","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"6438_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0156","author":"L Buschmann","year":"2025","unstructured":"Buschmann L, Bonberg N, Baurecht H, Becher H, Brenner H, Harth V, Heise JK, Holleczek B, Jaskulski S, Kantelhardt E, Keil T, Klett-Tammen CJ, Leitzmann M, Meinke-Franze C, Michels KB, Mikolajczyk R, Obi N, Ostrzinski S, Peters A, Schikowski T, Schipf S, Schmidt B, Schulze MB, Stallmann C, Stang A, St\u00fcbs G, Willich SN, Haug U, Minnerup H, Karch A (2025) Participation in the German mammography screening program: an analysis of data from the NAKO health study. Dtsch Arztebl Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.m2025.0156","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"6438_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004601","volume":"10","author":"SW Cole","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cole SW (2014) Human social genomics. PLoS Genet 10:e1004601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004601","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"6438_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.06.018","volume":"44","author":"SO Dalton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dalton SO, Sch\u00fcz J, Engholm G, Johansen C, Kjaer SK, Steding-Jessen M, Storm HH, Olsen JH (2008) Social inequality in incidence of and survival from cancer in a population-based study in Denmark, 1994-2003: summary of findings. Eur J Cancer 44:2074\u20132085. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.06.018","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"6438_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.187","volume":"301","author":"AG de Boer","year":"2009","unstructured":"de Boer AG, Taskila T, Ojaj\u00e4rvi A, van Dijk FJ, Verbeek JH (2009) Cancer survivors and unemployment: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. JAMA 301:753\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2009.187","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"6438_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy167","volume":"48","author":"F Diderichsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Diderichsen F, Hallqvist J, Whitehead M (2018) Differential vulnerability and susceptibility: how to make use of recent development in our understanding of mediation and interaction to tackle health inequalities. Int J Epidemiol 48:268\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyy167","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"6438_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2014.01.028","volume":"50","author":"F Erdmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Erdmann F, Kaatsch P, Zeeb H, Roman E, Lightfoot T, Schuz J (2014) Survival from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in West Germany: does socio-demographic background matter? Eur J Cancer 50:1345\u20131353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2014.01.028","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"6438_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06016-x","volume":"12","author":"M Ernst","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ernst M, Beutel ME, Br\u00e4hler E (2022) Cancer as a risk factor for distress and its interactions with sociodemographic variables in the context of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Sci Rep 12:2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-06016-x","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6438_CR18","unstructured":"European Commission (2022) Europe\u2019s Beating Cancer Plan\u2014Communication from the commission to the European Parliament and the Council. Belgium, Brussels"},{"key":"6438_CR19","unstructured":"European\u00a0Commission (2025) European Health Data Space Regulation (EHDS) [Online]. Available: https:\/\/health.ec.europa.eu\/ehealth-digital-health-and-care\/european-health-data-space-regulation-ehds_en [Accessed]"},{"key":"6438_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33553","volume":"149","author":"I Finke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Finke I, Behrens G, Maier W, Schwettmann L, Pritzkuleit R, Holleczek B, Kaj\u00fcter H, Gerken M, Mattutat J, Emrich K, Jansen L, Brenner H (2021) Small-area analysis on socioeconomic inequalities in cancer survival for 25 cancer sites in Germany. Int J Cancer 149:561\u2013572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.33553","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"6438_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1068\/a231025","volume":"23","author":"AS Fotheringham","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fotheringham AS, Wong DWS (1991) The modifiable areal unit problem in multivariate statistical analysis. Environ Plan A 23:1025\u20131044","journal-title":"Environ Plan A"},{"key":"6438_CR22","unstructured":"Gemeinsamer\u00a0Bundesausschuss (2025) Richtlinie des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses f\u00fcr organisierte Krebsfr\u00fcherkennungsprogramme \u2013 oKFE-RL"},{"key":"6438_CR23","unstructured":"Gemeinsamer\u00a0Bundesausschuss (2026) Richtlinie des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses \u00fcber die Fr\u00fcherkennung von Krebserkrankungen"},{"key":"6438_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E227","DOI":"10.15167\/2421-4248\/jpmh2024.65.2.3077","volume":"65","author":"H Gymah Gyamfi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gymah Gyamfi H (2024) Impact of gender and education on cervical cancer knowledge amongst students: implications for health policies and public health strategies in Wiesbaden, Germany. J Prev Med Hyg 65:E227-e231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15167\/2421-4248\/jpmh2024.65.2.3077","journal-title":"J Prev Med Hyg"},{"key":"6438_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3726","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.3913","volume":"10","author":"D Hernandez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hernandez D, Schlander M (2021) Income loss after a cancer diagnosis in Germany: an analysis based on the socio-economic panel survey. Cancer Med 10:3726\u20133740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.3913","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"6438_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e89","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2013-051110","volume":"23","author":"S Hill","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hill S, Amos A, Clifford D, Platt S (2014) Impact of tobacco control interventions on socioeconomic inequalities in smoking: review of the evidence. Tob Control 23:e89-97. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2013-051110","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"6438_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06202.x","volume":"1248","author":"R Hiscock","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hiscock R, Bauld L, Amos A, Fidler JA, Munaf\u00f2 M (2012) Socioeconomic status and smoking: a review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1248:107\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06202.x","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"6438_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.2147\/clep.S520772","volume":"17","author":"CF Hjorth","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hjorth CF, Kj\u00e6rulff TM, Thomsen MK, Cronin-Fenton D, Dalton SO, Olsen MH (2025) SEPLINE: socioeconomic position in epidemiological research-a national guideline on Danish registry data. Clin Epidemiol 17:593\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/clep.S520772","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"6438_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00402","volume":"8","author":"J Hoebel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hoebel J, Kroll LE, Fiebig J, Lampert T, Katalinic A, Barnes B, Kraywinkel K (2018) Socioeconomic inequalities in total and site-specific cancer incidence in Germany: a population-based registry study. Front Oncol 8:402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2018.00402","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"6438_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-020-00404-9","volume":"34","author":"P Hummel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hummel P, Braun M, Dabrock P (2021) Own data? Ethical reflections on data ownership. Philos Technol 34:545\u2013572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13347-020-00404-9","journal-title":"Philos Technol"},{"key":"6438_CR31","unstructured":"Intemann T, Kaulke K, Kipker D-K, Lettieri V, Stallmann C, Schmidt C, Geidel L, Bialke M, Hampf C, Stahl D, Lablans M, Rohde F, Franke M, Kraywinkel K, Kieschke J, Bartholom\u00e4us S, N\u00e4her A-F, Tremper G, Lambarki M, Semler SC (2023) White Paper - Verbesserung des Record Linkage f\u00fcr die Gesundheitsforschung in Deutschland"},{"key":"6438_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34185","volume":"151","author":"P Jaehn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jaehn P, Bergholz A, Holmberg C (2022) Regional inequalities of tumour size at diagnosis in Germany: an ecological study in eight federal states. Int J Cancer 151:1684\u20131695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.34185","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"6438_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34662","author":"L Jansen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jansen L, Schwettmann L, Behr C, Eberle A, Holleczek B, Justenhoven C, Kaj\u00fater H, Manz K, Peters F, Pritzkuleit R, Schmidt-Pokrzywniak A, Sirri E, Tetzlaff F, Voigtl\u00e4nder S, Arndt V (2023) Trends in cancer incidence by socioeconomic deprivation in Germany in 2007 to 2018: an ecological registry-based study. Int J Cancer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.34662","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"6438_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2023-220599","volume":"78","author":"HAR Jensen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jensen HAR, M\u00f8ller SR, Christensen AI, Davidsen M, Juel K, Petersen CB (2023) Trends in social inequality in mortality in Denmark 1995-2019: the contribution of smoking- and alcohol-related deaths. J Epidemiol Commun Health 78:18\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech-2023-220599","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Commun Health"},{"key":"6438_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1017\/jme.2023.146","volume":"52","author":"M Jungkunz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jungkunz M, K\u00f6ngeter A, Winkler EC, Schickhardt C (2024) Do physicians have a duty to support secondary use of clinical data in biomedical research? An inquiry into the professional ethics of physicians. J Law Med Ethics 52:101\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/jme.2023.146","journal-title":"J Law Med Ethics"},{"key":"6438_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-012-0238-6","volume":"6","author":"AC Kirchhoff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kirchhoff AC, Yi J, Wright J, Warner EL, Smith KR (2012) Marriage and divorce among young adult cancer survivors. J Cancer Surviv 6:441\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11764-012-0238-6","journal-title":"J Cancer Surviv"},{"key":"6438_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-025-02483-6","volume":"24","author":"J Klein","year":"2025","unstructured":"Klein J, L\u00fcdecke D, von dem Knesebeck O (2025) Forgone and delayed care in Germany\u2013 inequalities and perceived health risk of unmet need. Int J Equity Health 24:122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12939-025-02483-6","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"6438_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1177\/10901981211008390","volume":"49","author":"AY Kong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kong AY, Delamater PL, Gottfredson NC, Ribisl KM, Baggett CD, Golden SD (2022) Neighborhood inequities in tobacco retailer density and the presence of tobacco-selling pharmacies and tobacco shops. Health Educ Behav 49:478\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10901981211008390","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav"},{"key":"6438_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/37665","volume":"24","author":"A K\u00f6ngeter","year":"2022","unstructured":"K\u00f6ngeter A, Schickhardt C, Jungkunz M, Bergbold S, Mehlis K, Winkler EC (2022) Patients\u2019 willingness to provide their clinical data for research purposes and acceptance of different consent models: findings from a representative survey of patients with cancer. J Med Internet Res 24:e37665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/37665","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"6438_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2007.111278","volume":"98","author":"N Krieger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Krieger N (2008) Proximal, distal, and the politics of causation: what\u2019s level got to do with it? Am J Public Health 98:221\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2007.111278","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"6438_CR41","volume-title":"Reducing social inequalities in cancer: evidence and priorities for research","author":"N Krieger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krieger N (2019) Theoretical frameworks and cancer inequities. In: Vaccarella S, Lortet-Tieulent J, Saracci R, Conway DI, Straif K, Wild CP (eds) Reducing social inequalities in cancer: evidence and priorities for research. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon"},{"key":"6438_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.18.1.341","volume":"18","author":"N Krieger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Krieger N, Williams DR, Moss NE (1997) Measuring social class in US public health research: concepts, methodologies, and guidelines. Annu Rev Public Health 18:341\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.18.1.341","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"6438_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2024.12.001","volume":"193","author":"D Kubat","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kubat D, Meinert N, Busch S, Swart E (2025) Small-area and socially differentiated analyses of the utilization of screening examinations in the city of Hamburg: a secondary data analysis. Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes 193:74\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.zefq.2024.12.001","journal-title":"Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes"},{"key":"6438_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6596","volume":"12","author":"AKG Levinsen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Levinsen AKG, Kjaer TK, Thygesen LC, Maltesen T, Jakobsen E, G\u00f6genur I, Borre M, Christiansen P, Zachariae R, Christensen P, Laurberg S, de Nully Brown P, H\u00f6lmich LR, Johansen C, Kjaer SK, van de Poll-Franse L, Saltbaek L, Dalton SO (2023) Social inequality in cancer survivorship: educational differences in health-related quality of life among 27,857 cancer survivors in Denmark. Cancer Med 12:20150\u201320162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.6596","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"6438_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-017-2646-2","volume":"60","author":"W Maier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maier W (2017) Indices of multiple deprivation for the analysis of regional health disparities in Germany\u202f: experiences from epidemiology and healthcare research. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforsch Gesundheitsschutz 60:1403\u20131412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00103-017-2646-2","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforsch Gesundheitsschutz"},{"key":"6438_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1515\/pubhef-2018-0085","volume":"26","author":"W Maier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maier W, Schwettmann L (2018) Regionale Deprivation in Deutschland: Der , German Index of Multiple Deprivation (GIMD)\u2018. Public Health Forum 26:376\u2013379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/pubhef-2018-0085","journal-title":"Public Health Forum"},{"key":"6438_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-052209-100430","volume":"62","author":"BS McEwen","year":"2011","unstructured":"McEwen BS, Gianaros PJ (2011) Stress- and allostasis-induced brain plasticity. Annu Rev Med 62:431\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-med-052209-100430","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"6438_CR48","first-page":"2","volume":"23","author":"N Michalski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Michalski N, Reis M, Tetzlaff F, Herber M, Kroll LE, H\u00f6vener C, Nowossadeck E, Hoebel J (2022) German index of socioeconomic deprivation (GISD): revision, update and application examples. J Health Monit 23:2","journal-title":"J Health Monit"},{"key":"6438_CR49","unstructured":"Ministry\u00a0for\u00a0the\u00a0Interior\u00a0and\u00a0Health\u00a0of\u00a0Denmark (2025) National Cancer Plan V - a better life with and after cancer"},{"key":"6438_CR50","unstructured":"OECD (2023) EU Country Cancer Profile: Denmark 2023. EU Country Cancer Profiles. Paris: OECD Publishing"},{"key":"6438_CR51","unstructured":"Olsen MH, Kj\u00e6r TK, Dalton SO, Kr\u00e6ftforskning KBC (2023) Social Inequality in Cancer in Denmark: White Paper, Danish Cancer Society Research Center"},{"key":"6438_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810387965","volume":"39","author":"CB Pedersen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pedersen CB (2011) The Danish civil registration system. Scand J Public Health 39:22\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1403494810387965","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"6438_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19673-6","volume":"24","author":"N Pedr\u00f3s Barnils","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pedr\u00f3s Barnils N, H\u00e4rtling V, Singh H, Sch\u00fcz B (2024) Sociodemographic inequalities in breast cancer screening attendance in Germany following the implementation of an Organized Screening Program: scoping review. BMC Public Health 24:2211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19673-6","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"6438_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-022-00890-5","volume":"37","author":"A Peters","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peters A, Peters A, Greiser KH, G\u00f6ttlicher S, Ahrens W, Albrecht M, Bamberg F, B\u00e4rnighausen T, Becher H, Berger K, Beule A, Boeing H, Bohn B, Bohnert K, Braun B, Brenner H, B\u00fclow R, Castell S, Damms-Machado A, D\u00f6rr M, Ebert N, Ecker M, Emmel C, Fischer B, Franzke CW, Gastell S, Giani G, G\u00fcnther M, G\u00fcnther K, G\u00fcnther KP, Haerting J, Haug U, Heid IM, Heier M, Heinemeyer D, Hendel T, Herbolsheimer F, Hirsch J, Hoffmann W, Holleczek B, H\u00f6lling H, H\u00f6rlein A, J\u00f6ckel KH, Kaaks R, Karch A, Karrasch S, Kartschmit N, Kauczor HU, Keil T, Kemmling Y, Klee B, Kl\u00fcppelholz B, Kluttig A, Kofink L, K\u00f6ttgen A, Kraft D, Krause G, Kretz L, Krist L, K\u00fchnisch J, Ku\u00df O, Legath N, Lehnich AT, Leitzmann M, Lieb W, Linseisen J, Loeffler M, Macdonald A, Maier-Hein KH, Mangold N, Meinke-Franze C, Meisinger C, Melzer J, Mergarten B, Michels KB, Mikolajczyk R, Moebus S, Mueller U, Nauck M, Niendorf T, Nikolaou K, Obi N, Ostrzinski S, Panreck L, Pigeot I, Pischon T, Pschibul-Thamm I, Rathmann W, Reineke A, Roloff S, Rujescu D, Rupf S, Sander O, Schikowski T, Schipf S, Schirmacher P, Schlett CL, Schmidt B, Schmidt G, Schmidt M et al (2022) Framework and baseline examination of the German National Cohort (NAKO). Eur J Epidemiol 37:1107\u20131124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-022-00890-5","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"6438_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-020-01342-1","volume":"65","author":"M Rasmussen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rasmussen M, Damsgaard MT, Morgen CS, Kierkegaard L, Toftager M, Rosenwein SV, Kr\u00f8lner RF, Due P, Holstein BE (2020) Trends in social inequality in overweight and obesity among adolescents in Denmark 1998-2018. Int J Public Health 65:607\u2013616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00038-020-01342-1","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"6438_CR56","unstructured":"Richter A, Starker A, Schienkiewitz A (2025) Neubewertung des Alkoholkonsums in Deutschland \u2013 Welche Bev\u00f6lkerungsgruppen haben ein erh\u00f6htes Krankheitsrisiko? J Health Monit"},{"key":"6438_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-021-02138-1","volume":"57","author":"J Roick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roick J, Danker H, Kersting A, Dietrich A, Dietz A, Papsdorf K, Meixensberger J, Stolzenburg JU, Wirtz H, Singer S (2022) Predictors of psychiatric comorbidity in cancer patients at the time of their discharge from the hospital. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 57:553\u2013561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-021-02138-1","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"6438_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-024-04888-4","volume":"42","author":"CM Rosenbaum","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rosenbaum CM, Filmar S, Gross AJ, Jobst N, Schultz A (2024) The influence of socioeconomic status and gender on incidence and survival in bladder cancer: a longitudinal study based on the Hamburg Cancer Registry. World J Urol 42:166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-024-04888-4","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"6438_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-025-13491-8","volume":"25","author":"B Safieddine","year":"2025","unstructured":"Safieddine B, Geyer S, Sperlich S, Beller J, Noeres D (2025) Factors associated with health-related quality of life in women with paid work at breast cancer diagnosis: a German repeated cross-sectional study over the first five years after primary surgery. BMC Cancer 25:98. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-025-13491-8","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"6438_CR60","volume-title":"Reducing social inequalities in cancer: evidence and priorities for research","author":"D Sarfati","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sarfati D (2019) Why social inequalities matter in the cancer continuum. In: Vaccarella S, Lortet-Tieulent J, Saracci R, Conway DI, Straif K, Wild CP (eds) Reducing social inequalities in cancer: evidence and priorities for research. Lyon, International Agency for Research on Cancer"},{"key":"6438_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-014-9930-3","volume":"29","author":"M Schmidt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schmidt M, Pedersen L, S\u00f8rensen HT (2014) The Danish Civil Registration System as a tool in epidemiology. Eur J Epidemiol 29:541\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-014-9930-3","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"6438_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2050-0429","volume":"85","author":"J Schmitt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schmitt J, Bierbaum T, Geraedts M, Gothe H, H\u00e4rter M, Hoffmann F, Ihle P, Kramer U, Klinkhammer-Schalke M, Kuske S, March S, Reese JP, Schoffer O, Swart E, Vollmar HC, Walther F, Hoffmann W (2023) Gesundheitsdatennutzungsgesetz \u2013 Potenzial f\u00fcr eine bessere Forschung und Gesundheitsversorgung. Gesundheitswesen 85:215\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2050-0429","journal-title":"Gesundheitswesen"},{"key":"6438_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2017.01.011","volume":"6","author":"S Sch\u00fclein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sch\u00fclein S, Taylor KJ, Schriefer D, Blettner M, Klug SJ (2017) Participation in preventive health check-ups among 19,351 women in Germany. Prev Med Rep 6:23\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmedr.2017.01.011","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"key":"6438_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2025.105078","volume":"10","author":"NT Sibert","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sibert NT, Breidenbach C, Benz SR, Post S, Seufferlein T, Ackermann C, Blossey RD, B\u00f6hm G, Brennfleck F, Bunse J, Dahlke MH, Egetemeyer J, Elhabash S, Emmanouilidis N, Flemming S, Freitag B, Goetzky K, von Haeften E, Henschel M, Hollerbach S, H\u00f6ppner J, Kim M, Klein C, Klinik C, Klump B, K\u00f6ninger J, Lee LD, Mirow L, Ockenga J, Petzoldt S, Neumann PA, Piso P, Rei\u00dffelder C, Rickenberger A, Riechmann M, Rolinger J, Rosenberg R, Schilawa D, Schmidt J, Schnell MW, Steinemann D, Varga-Szab\u00f3 D, Wahba R, Weyhe D, Willeke F, Wirth U, Wittel U, Zielinski CB, Kolb V, Kowalski C (2025) Self-reported financial difficulties of colorectal cancer patients 1 year after start of treatment. ESMO Open 10:105078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.esmoop.2025.105078","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"6438_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-016-3528-0","volume":"25","author":"S Singer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singer S, Bartels M, Briest S, Einenkel J, Niederwieser D, Papsdorf K, Stolzenburg JU, K\u00fcnstler S, Taubenheim S, Krau\u00df O (2017) Socio-economic disparities in long-term cancer survival-10 year follow-up with individual patient data. Support Care Cancer 25:1391\u20131399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-016-3528-0","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"6438_CR66","unstructured":"Solar O, Irwin A (2010) A conceptual framework for action on the social determinats of health. Social Determinants of Health Discussion Paper 2 (Policy and Practice)"},{"key":"6438_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.70059","volume":"34","author":"F Springer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Springer F, Goerling U, Zimmermann T, Ernst J, Engel C, Hermann M, Esser P, Hornemann B, Keilholz U, Lordick F, Knesebeck OVD, Kissane D, Mehnert-Theuerkauf A (2025) Course of mental disorders in early cancer survivorship in relation to socioeconomic status: A multi-center prospective longitudinal study (LUPE). Psychooncology 34:e70059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pon.70059","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"key":"6438_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25646\/13038","volume":"10","author":"A Starker","year":"2025","unstructured":"Starker A, Schienkiewitz A, Damerow S, Kuhnert R (2025) Prevalence of obesity and smoking among adults in Germany - trends from 2003 to 2023. J Health Monit 10:e13038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25646\/13038","journal-title":"J Health Monit"},{"key":"6438_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01324344","volume":"38","author":"G Steinkamp","year":"1993","unstructured":"Steinkamp G (1993) Soziale Ungleichheit, Erkrankungsrisiko und Lebenserwartung: Kritik der sozialepidemiologischen Ungleichheitsforschung. Sozial- und Praventivmedizin SPM 38:111\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01324344","journal-title":"Sozial- und Praventivmedizin SPM"},{"key":"6438_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.297","volume":"303","author":"S Stringhini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stringhini S, Sabia S, Shipley M, Brunner E, Nabi H, Kivimaki M, Singh-Manoux A (2010) Association of socioeconomic position with health behaviors and mortality. JAMA 303:1159\u20131166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2010.297","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"6438_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckad091","volume":"33","author":"MK Tabatabai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tabatabai MK, Lophaven S, Lauenborg J, Holmager T, Jepsen R, Lynge E (2023) Socioeconomic, lifestyle and biological determinants of cervical screening coverage: Lolland-Falster Health Study, Denmark. Eur J Public Health 33:568\u2013573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckad091","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"6438_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-17859-5","volume":"15","author":"F Tetzlaff","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tetzlaff F, Barnes B, Jansen L, Peters F, Schultz A, Katalinic A, Kraywinkel K, Michalski N, Nowossadeck E, Hoebel J (2025) Widening socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence and related potential to reduce cancer between 2008 and 2019 in Germany. Sci Rep 15:32232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-17859-5","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6438_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.827028","volume":"12","author":"F Tetzlaff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tetzlaff F, Hoebel J, Epping J, Geyer S, Golpon H, Tetzlaff J (2022) Time trends and income inequalities in cancer incidence and cancer-free life expectancy - a cancer site-specific analysis of German health insurance data. Front Oncol 12:827028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.827028","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"6438_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17833","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45254-5","volume":"13","author":"F Tetzlaff","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tetzlaff F, Nowossadeck E, Jansen L, Michalski N, Barnes B, Kraywinkel K, Hoebel J (2023) Widening area-based socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality in Germany between 2003 and 2019. Sci Rep 13:17833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-45254-5","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6438_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.Epi-23-0386","volume":"33","author":"SP Uong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Uong SP, Torres JM, Alexeeff SE, Morey BN, Caan BJ, Kushi LH, Kroenke CH (2024) Differences in smoking behavior by nativity, race\/ethnicity, and education among women diagnosed with breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 33:694\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.Epi-23-0386","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"6438_CR76","volume-title":"Reducing social inequalities in cancer: evidence and priorities for research","author":"S Vaccarella","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vaccarella S, Lortet-Tieulent J, Saracci R, Conway DI, Straif K, Wild CP (2019) Reducing social inequalities in cancer: evidence and priorities for research. IARC Scientific Publication"},{"key":"6438_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djaf290","author":"S Vaccarella","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vaccarella S, Vineis P (2025) Cancer care underuse, overuse, and inequalities. J Natl Cancer Inst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djaf290","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"6438_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-020-0611-2","volume":"28","author":"TH Voigt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Voigt TH, Holtz V, Niemiec E, Howard HC, Middleton A, Prainsack B (2020) Willingness to donate genomic and other medical data: results from Germany. Eur J Hum Genet 28:1000\u20131009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41431-020-0611-2","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"6438_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70042","volume":"157","author":"M Wellbrock","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wellbrock M, Borkhardt A, Ronckers CM, Spix C, Grabow D, Filbert AL, Wollschl\u00e4ger D, Erdmann F (2025) Socioeconomic background and childhood cancer survival in Germany: a nationwide assessment based on data from the German Childhood Cancer Registry. Int J Cancer 157:2235\u20132247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.70042","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"6438_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174211","volume":"12","author":"AM Y\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Y\u00e1\u00f1ez AM, Leiva A, Estela A, \u010cuki\u0107 I (2017) The associations of personality traits and parental education with smoking behaviour among adolescents. PLoS ONE 12:e0174211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0174211","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00432-026-06438-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00432-026-06438-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00432-026-06438-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T14:44:42Z","timestamp":1773153882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00432-026-06438-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["6438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00432-026-06438-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1335"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1335","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial, personal, or financial relationships with other people or organisations that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"No ethics approval and consent was required for this workshop report.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable, since no individual person\u2019s data was used.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable, since no individual person\u2019s data was used.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}}],"article-number":"62"}}