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Does the individual immunological status affect the prognosis? This study investigated four immunology markers in relation to recurrence and survival after curative surgery for NSCLC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Natural Killer cell activity (NKA), C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin 6 (IL6) and Transforming growth factor beta (TGF\u03b2) were analysed before surgery and at three months after surgery for NSCLC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 103 enrolled patients, 43 experienced recurrence over a period of median 71 months. The biomarkers were unsuitable for detecting recurrence with area under the receiver operating characteristics curve ranging from 0.52 to 0.58. Baseline CRP and TGF\u03b2 were significantly associated with overall survival (OS), and a score based on all four biomarkers demonstrated statistically significant prognostic impact on both recurrence free survival (RFS) and OS. The biomarker score was an independent prognostic factor when adjusting for stage and surgery type, hazard ratio 3.18 (95% CI 1.53\u20136.61,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) for OS with borderline significance for RFS, hazard ratio 1.93 (95% CI 1.06\u20133.51,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.032).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individually, NKA, CRP, IL6 and TGF\u03b2 were not suited for predicting disease recurrence after curative surgery for NSCLC. However, the combined biomarker score was significantly associated with OS. The score may give an indication of the immunological status of the patient, which could be useful for pre- or post-surgery assessment, in relation to immunotherapy or other oncologic treatments if future studies can prove clinical utility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-026-06562-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T10:05:24Z","timestamp":1784628324000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The prognostic potential of an immunology score in patients treated with curative surgery for non-small cell lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"152","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3755-0922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara Witting Christensen","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5862-7784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Signe","family":"Timm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6204-2623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten","family":"Borg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3075-3463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ole","family":"Hilberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7476-671X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torben Fr\u00f8strup","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christa Haugaard","family":"Nyhus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torben Schj\u00f8dt","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0101-328X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Line","family":"Nederby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"6562_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3109\/10408363.2011.599831","volume":"48","author":"KH Allin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Allin KH, Nordestgaard BG (2011) Elevated C-reactive protein in the diagnosis, prognosis, and cause of cancer. 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NKMAX had no role in the design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the report or the decision to submit the article for publication. Ole Hilberg reports a relationship with AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, Roche Diagnostics Corporation, and GlaxoSmithKline Inc that includes: Consulting or advisory. Morten Borg reports a relationship with GlaxoSmithKline Inc and AstraZeneca that includes: Travel reimbursement. Christa Haugaard Nyhus reports a relationship with Pfizer that includes: Travel reimbursement. All other authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Non-financial interests: All authors declare that they have no non-financial interests that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"195"}}