{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T04:23:27Z","timestamp":1783743807570,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,18]],"date-time":"2013-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371513600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-013-3488-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]],"date-time":"2013-06-17T09:41:23Z","timestamp":1371462083000},"page":"3041-3051","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Preventive effect of pidotimod on reactivated toxoplasmosis in mice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Xing-Xing","family":"Huo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao-Wu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu-Cai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai-Mei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Rong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing-Li","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Hong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Hong","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao-Rong","family":"Lun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang-Li","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Long","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12A","key":"3488_CR1","first-page":"1454","volume":"44","author":"K Adams","year":"1994","unstructured":"Adams K, Allen JA, Brooker PC, Henderson L, Jones E, Proudlock RJ, Mailland F, Coppi G (1994) Genotoxicity testing of pidotimod in vitro and in vivo. Drug Res (Stuttg) 44(12A):1454\u20131459","journal-title":"Drug Res (Stuttg)"},{"issue":"12","key":"3488_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020258","volume":"195","author":"A Barragan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barragan A, Sibley LD (2002) Transepithelial migration of Toxoplasma gondii is linked to parasite motility and virulence. J Exp Med 195(12):1625\u20131633","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"3488_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1994.tb01109.x","volume":"74","author":"A Chiarenza","year":"1994","unstructured":"Chiarenza A, Iurato MP, Barbera N, Lempereur L, Cantarella G, Scapagnini U, Bernardini R (1994) Modulating effects of the synthetic thymic dipeptide pidotimod on the immune system in the aging rat. Pharmacol Toxicol 74(4\u20135):262\u2013266","journal-title":"Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"12A","key":"3488_CR4","first-page":"1448","volume":"44","author":"G Coppi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Coppi G, Amico-Roxas M, Berte F, Bussi R, Gnemi P, Harling RJ, Mailland F, Manzardo S, Massey JE, Spencer-Briggs DJ et al (1994) Toxicological evaluation of pidotimod. Drug Res (Stuttg) 44(12A):1448\u20131453","journal-title":"Drug Res (Stuttg)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3488_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.07.026","volume":"33","author":"E Cortez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cortez E, Stumbo AC, Oliveira M, Barbosa HS, Carvalho L (2009) Statins inhibit Toxoplasma gondii multiplication in macrophages in vitro. Int J Antimicrob Agents 33(2):185\u2013186","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"11","key":"3488_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2007.06.003","volume":"9","author":"I Dellacasa-Lindberg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dellacasa-Lindberg I, Hitziger N, Barragan A (2007) Localized recrudescence of Toxoplasma infections in the central nervous system of immunocompromised mice assessed by in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Microbes Infect 9(11):1291\u20131298","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"3488_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3109\/08923979709038532","volume":"19","author":"M Renzo Di","year":"1997","unstructured":"Di Renzo M, Pasqui AL, Bruni F, Saletti M, Bova G, Chiarion C, Girardello R, Ferri P, Auteri A (1997) The in vitro effect of pidotimod on some immune functions in cancer patients. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 19(1):37\u201351","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3488_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-001-1282-6","volume":"31","author":"XF Du","year":"2008","unstructured":"Du XF, Jiang CZ, Wu CF, Won EK, Choung SY (2008) Synergistic immunostimulating activity of pidotimod and red ginseng acidic polysaccharide against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression. Arch Pharm Res 31(9):1153\u20131159","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3488_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002358","volume":"119","author":"R Frawley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Frawley R, White K Jr, Brown R, Musgrove D, Walker N, Germolec D (2011) Gene expression alterations in immune system pathways in the thymus after exposure to immunosuppressive chemicals. Environ Health Perspect 119(3):371\u2013376","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"1","key":"3488_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.1.175","volume":"149","author":"R Gazzinelli","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gazzinelli R, Xu Y, Hieny S, Cheever A, Sher A (1992) Simultaneous depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes is required to reactivate chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii. J Immunol 149(1):175\u2013180","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3488_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3672","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.7.3672","volume":"151","author":"RT Gazzinelli","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gazzinelli RT, Eltoum I, Wynn TA, Sher A (1993) Acute cerebral toxoplasmosis is induced by in vivo neutralization of TNF-alpha and correlates with the down-regulated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and other markers of macrophage activation. J Immunol 151(7):3672\u20133681","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3488_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1179\/1364859411Y.0000000022","volume":"105","author":"MJ Gharavi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gharavi MJ, Jalali S, Khademvatan S, Heydari S (2011) Detection of IgM and IgG anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in renal transplant recipients using ELFA, ELISA and ISAGA methods: comparison of pre- and post-transplantation status. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 105(5):367\u2013371","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3488_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2009.08.010","volume":"9","author":"C Giagulli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Giagulli C, Noerder M, Avolio M, Becker PD, Fiorentini S, Guzman CA, Caruso A (2009) Pidotimod promotes functional maturation of dendritic cells and displays adjuvant properties at the nasal mucosa level. Int Immunopharmacol 9(12):1366\u20131373","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3488_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3109\/08923977809027330","volume":"1","author":"A Giampietri","year":"1978","unstructured":"Giampietri A, Bonmassar E, Goldin A (1978) Drug induced modulation of immune responses in mice: effects of 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) and cyclophosphamide (Cy). J Immunopharmacol 1(1):61\u201386","journal-title":"J Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3488_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1086\/653738","volume":"202","author":"R Guiton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guiton R, Vasseur V, Charron S, Arias MT, Van Langendonck N, Buzoni-Gatel D, Ryffel B, Dimier-Poisson I (2010) Interleukin 17 receptor signaling is deleterious during Toxoplasma gondii infection in susceptible BL6 mice. J Infect Dis 202(3):427\u2013435","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"3488_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1991.tb08059.x","volume":"10","author":"IC Ho","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ho IC, Vorhees P, Marin N, Oakley BK, Tsai SF, Orkin SH, Leiden JM (1991) Human GATA-3: a lineage-restricted transcription factor that regulates the expression of the T cell receptor alpha gene. EMBO J 10(5):1187\u20131192","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"3488_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S423","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.Supplement_2.S423","volume":"17","author":"DM Israelski","year":"1993","unstructured":"Israelski DM, Remington JS (1993) Toxoplasmosis in patients with cancer. Clin Infect Dis 17(Suppl 2):S423\u2013S435","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"3488_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.04.015","volume":"9","author":"KD Jensen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jensen KD, Wang Y, Wojno ED, Shastri AJ, Hu K, Cornel L, Boedec E, Ong YC, Chien YH, Hunter CA, Boothroyd JC, Saeij JP (2011) Toxoplasma polymorphic effectors determine macrophage polarization and intestinal inflammation. Cell Host Microbe 9(6):472\u2013483","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"6","key":"3488_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0700-y","volume":"101","author":"C Jost","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jost C, Reiter-Owona I, Liesenfeld O (2007) The timing of sulfadiazine therapy impacts the reactivation of latent Toxoplasma infection in IRF-8\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Parasitol Res 101(6):1603\u20131609","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3488_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.2.268","volume":"22","author":"C Katlama","year":"1996","unstructured":"Katlama C, De Wit S, O\u2019Doherty E, Van Glabeke M, Clumeck N (1996) Pyrimethamine\u2013clindamycin vs. pyrimethamine\u2013sulfadiazine as acute and long-term therapy for toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 22(2):268\u2013275","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3488_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.1.617-621.2005","volume":"73","author":"MN Kelly","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kelly MN, Kolls JK, Happel K, Schwartzman JD, Schwarzenberger P, Combe C, Moretto M, Khan IA (2005) Interleukin-17\/interleukin-17 receptor-mediated signaling is important for generation of an optimal polymorphonuclear response against Toxoplasma gondii infection. Infect Immun 73(1):617\u2013621","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3488_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.10.029","volume":"232","author":"SM Lachenmaier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lachenmaier SM, Deli MA, Meissner M, Liesenfeld O (2011) Intracellular transport of Toxoplasma gondii through the blood\u2013brain barrier. J Neuroimmunol 232(1\u20132):119\u2013130","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"12A","key":"3488_CR23","first-page":"1441","volume":"44","author":"S Manzardo","year":"1994","unstructured":"Manzardo S, Falcone A, Pinzetta A, Ieva G, Coppi G (1994) General pharmacology of pidotimod and testing for drug interactions. Drug Res (Stuttg) 44(12A):1441\u20131447","journal-title":"Drug Res (Stuttg)"},{"issue":"6","key":"3488_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327102ht261oa","volume":"21","author":"L Mazur","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mazur L, Czyzewska A, Bochenek M (2002) Flow cytometric detection of apoptotic bone marrow cells with fractional DNA content after application of WR-2721, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and exposure of mice to gamma rays. Hum Exp Toxicol 21(6):335\u2013341","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3488_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00931533","volume":"81","author":"H Mehlhorn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mehlhorn H, Dankert W, Hartman PG, Then RL (1995) A pilot study on the efficacy of epiroprim against developmental stages of Toxoplasma gondii and Pneumocystis carinii in animal models. Parasitol Res 81(4):296\u2013301","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3488_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01203-07","volume":"52","author":"P Meneceur","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meneceur P, Bouldouyre MA, Aubert D, Villena I, Menotti J, Sauvage V, Garin JF, Derouin F (2008) In vitro susceptibility of various genotypic strains of Toxoplasma gondii to pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and atovaquone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52(4):1269\u20131277","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"3488_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-6618(92)90642-O","volume":"26","author":"G Migliorati","year":"1992","unstructured":"Migliorati G, Coppi G, D\u2019Adamio F, Pagliacci C, Nicoletti I, Riccardi C (1992) Immunopharmacology of pidotimod: effect on natural killer cell activity and thymocyte cell death. Pharmacol Res 26(Suppl 2):154\u2013155","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"12A","key":"3488_CR28","first-page":"1421","volume":"44","author":"G Migliorati","year":"1994","unstructured":"Migliorati G, Nicoletti I, Riccardi C (1994) Immunomodulating activity of pidotimod. Drug Res (Stuttg) 44(12A):1421\u20131424","journal-title":"Drug Res (Stuttg)"},{"issue":"9425","key":"3488_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X","volume":"363","author":"JG Montoya","year":"2004","unstructured":"Montoya JG, Liesenfeld O (2004) Toxoplasmosis. Lancet 363(9425):1965\u20131976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"3488_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.6.1771-1779.2001","volume":"45","author":"N Scholer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Scholer N, Krause K, Kayser O, Muller RH, Borner K, Hahn H, Liesenfeld O (2001) Atovaquone nanosuspensions show excellent therapeutic effect in a new murine model of reactivated toxoplasmosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45(6):1771\u20131779","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"3488_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.05.011","volume":"123","author":"NM Silva","year":"2009","unstructured":"Silva NM, Vieira JC, Carneiro CM, Tafuri WL (2009) Toxoplasma gondii: the role of IFN-gamma, TNFRp55 and iNOS in inflammatory changes during infection. Exp Parasitol 123(1):65\u201372","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3488_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23453","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023453","volume":"6","author":"X Song","year":"2011","unstructured":"Song X, Shen J, Wen H, Zhong Z, Luo Q, Chu D, Qi Y, Xu Y, Wei W (2011) Impact of Schistosoma japonicum infection on collagen-induced arthritis in DBA\/1 mice: a murine model of human rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 6(8):e23453","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"3488_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050185","volume":"82","author":"MH Sumyuen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sumyuen MH, Garin YJ, Derouin F (1996) Effect of immunosuppressive drug regimens on acute and chronic murine toxoplasmosis. Parasitol Res 82(8):681\u2013686","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"3488_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4649","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.10.4649","volume":"153","author":"Y Suzuki","year":"1994","unstructured":"Suzuki Y, Joh K, Kwon OC, Yang Q, Conley FK, Remington JS (1994) MHC class I gene(s) in the D\/L region but not the TNF-alpha gene determines development of toxoplasmic encephalitis in mice. J Immunol 153(10):4649\u20134654","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3488_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652013000100005","volume":"55","author":"GA Xavier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xavier GA, Cademartori BG, Cunha Filho NA, Farias NA (2013) Evaluation of seroepidemiological toxoplasmosis in HIV\/AIDS patients in the south of Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 55(1):25\u201330","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"issue":"6","key":"3488_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2752-2","volume":"110","author":"X Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang X, Huang B, Chen J, Huang S, Zheng H, Lun ZR, Shen J, Wang Y, Lu F (2012) In vitro effects of aqueous extracts of Astragalus membranaceus and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitol Res 110(6):2221\u20132227","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3488_CR37","first-page":"79401","volume":"2007","author":"H Yoshida","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yoshida H, Miyazaki Y, Wang S, Hamano S (2007) Regulation of defense responses against protozoan infection by interleukin-27 and related cytokines. J Biomed Biotechnol 2007(3):79401","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3488_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-1792-3","volume":"106","author":"Q Zhao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhao Q, Zhang M, Hong L, Zhou K, Lin Y (2010) Evaluation of drug effects on Toxoplasma gondii nuclear and plastid DNA replication using real-time PCR. Parasitol Res 106(5):1257\u20131262","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"}],"container-title":["Parasitology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-013-3488-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00436-013-3488-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-013-3488-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,2]],"date-time":"2023-07-02T12:12:15Z","timestamp":1688299935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00436-013-3488-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,18]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["3488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-013-3488-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0113","1432-1955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0113","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,18]]}}}