{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:10:50Z","timestamp":1784830250447,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]],"date-time":"2014-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-4165-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T08:12:47Z","timestamp":1412151167000},"page":"101-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Trichomonas gypaetinii n. sp., a new trichomonad from the upper gastrointestinal tract of scavenging birds of prey"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Rafael Alberto","family":"Mart\u00ednez-D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Ponce-Gordo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Arce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Carmen","family":"del Mart\u00ednez-Herrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Gonz\u00e1lez","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael \u00c1ngel","family":"Molina-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"G\u00f3mez-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"4165_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.09.014","volume":"124","author":"A Amin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Amin A, Neubauer C, Liebhart D, Grabensteiner E, Hess M (2010) Axenization and optimization of in vitro growth of clonal cultures of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Trichomonas gallinae. Exp Parasitol 124:202\u2013208","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"4165_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013002096","volume":"141","author":"A Amin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Amin A, Bilic I, Liebhart D, Hess M (2014) Trichomonads in birds\u2014a review. Parasitology 141:733\u2013747","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"4165_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.35.1.139","volume":"35","author":"WB Amos","year":"1979","unstructured":"Amos WB, Grimstone AV, Rothschild LJ, Allen RD (1979) Structure, protein composition and birefringence of the root fiber in the flagellate Trichomonas. J Cell Sci 35:139\u2013164","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"4165_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.01.023","volume":"161","author":"NL Anderson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Anderson NL, Grahn RA, Van Hoosear K, Bondurant RH (2009) Studies of trichomonad protozoa in free ranging songbirds: Prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae in house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) and corvids and a novel trichomonad in ockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos). Vet Parasitol 161:178\u2013186","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4165_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1890\/07-1818.1","volume":"89","author":"RG Anthony","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anthony RG, Estes JA, Ricca MA, Miles AK, Forsman ED (2008) Bald eagles and sea otters in the Aleutian Archipelago: Indirect effects of trophic cascades. Ecology 89:2725\u20132735","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"4165_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"G Brugerolle","year":"1976","unstructured":"Brugerolle G (1976) Cytologie ultrastructurale, systematique et evolution des Trichomonadida. Ann Stn Biol Besse-en\u2212 Chandesse 10:1\u201357","journal-title":"Ann Stn Biol Besse-en\u2212 Chandesse"},{"key":"4165_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-52-2-297","volume":"52","author":"T Cavalier-Smith","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cavalier-Smith T (2002) The phagotrophic origin of eukaryotes and phylogenetic classification of Protozoa. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:297\u2013354","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"4165_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.02548-0","volume":"53","author":"T Cavalier-Smith","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cavalier-Smith T (2003) The excavate protozoan phyla Metamonada Grasse\u2019 emend. (Anaeromonada, Parabasalia, Carpediemonas, Eopharyngia) and Loukozoa emend. (Jakobea, Malawimonas): their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53:1741\u20131758","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"4165_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2009.11.005","volume":"161","author":"I Cepicka","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cepicka I, Hampl V, Kulda K (2010) Critical taxonomic revision of Parabasalids with description of one new genus and three new species. Protist 161:400\u2013433","journal-title":"Protist"},{"key":"4165_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013000930","volume":"140","author":"JF Chi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chi JF, Lawson B, Durrant C, Beckmann K, John S, Alrefaei AF, Kirkbride K, Bell DJ, Cunningham AA, Tyler KM (2013) The finch epidemic strain of Trichomonas gallinae is predominant in British non-passerines. Parasitology 140:1234\u20131245","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"4165_CR11","volume-title":"Handbook of the Birds of the World","author":"J Hoyo Del","year":"1994","unstructured":"Del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (1994) Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol 2. New World Vultures to Guineafowl, Lynx, Barcelona"},{"key":"4165_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.05.029","volume":"190","author":"R Ecco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ecco R, Preis IS, Vilela DAR, Luppi MM, Malta MCC, Beckstead RB, Stimmelmayer R, Gerhold RW (2012) Molecular confirmation of Trichomonas gallinae and other parabasalids from Brazil using the 5.8S and ITS-1 rRNA regions. Vet Parasitol 190:36\u201342","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4165_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182097001212","volume":"115","author":"RS Felleisen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Felleisen RS (1997) Comparative sequence analysis of 5.8S rRNA genes and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of trichomonadid protozoa. Parasitology 115:111\u2013119","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"4165_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1002\/9780813804620.ch6","volume-title":"Parasitic diseases of wild birds","author":"DJ Forrester","year":"2008","unstructured":"Forrester DJ, Foster GW (2008) Trichomonosis. In: Atkinson CT, Thomas NJ, Hunter DB (eds) Parasitic diseases of wild birds. Wiley-Blackwell, Ames, pp 120\u2013153"},{"key":"4165_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013002023","volume":"141","author":"P Ganas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ganas P, Jaskulska B, Lawson B, Zadravec M, Hess M, Bilic I (2014) Multi-locus sequence typing confirms the clonality of Trichomonas gallinae isolates circulating in European finches. Parasitology 141:652\u2013661","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"4165_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2007.01.002","volume":"7","author":"D Gaspar da Silva","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gaspar da Silva D, Barton E, Bunbury N, Lunness P, Bell DJ, Tyler KM (2007) Molecular identity and heterogeneity of trichomonad parasites in a closed avian population. Infect Genet Evol 7:433\u2013440","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"4165_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1585.1","volume":"94","author":"RW Gerhold","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gerhold RW, Yabsley MJ, Smith AJ, Ostergaard E, Mannan W, Cann JD, Fischer JR (2008) Molecular characterization of the Trichomonas gallinae morphologic complex in the United States. J Parasitol 94:1335\u20131341","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"4165_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2013.12.002","volume":"3","author":"YA Girard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Girard YA, Rogers KH, Gerhold R, Land KM, Lenaghan SC, Woods LW, Haberkern N, Hopper M, Cann JD, Johnson CK (2014a) Trichomonas stableri n. sp., an agent of trichomonosis ion Pacific Coast band-tailed pigeons (Patagioenas fasciata monilis. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wild1 3:32\u201340","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wild1"},{"key":"4165_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.03.002","volume":"24","author":"YA Girard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Girard YA, Rogers KH, Woods LW, Chouicha N, Miller WA, Johnson CK (2014b) Dual pathogen etiology of avian trichomonosis in a declining band-tailed pigeon population. Infect Genet Evol 24:146\u2013156","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"4165_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.04.015","volume":"172","author":"E Grabensteiner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grabensteiner E, Bilic I, Kolbe T, Hess M (2010) Molecular analysis of clonal trichomonad isolates indicate the existence of heterogenic species present in different birds and within the same host. Vet Parasitol 172:53\u201364","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4165_CR21","first-page":"287","volume":"34","author":"TG Grubb","year":"2000","unstructured":"Grubb TG, Lopez RG (2000) Food habits of bald eagles wintering in Northern Arizona. J Raptor Res 34:287\u2013292","journal-title":"J Raptor Res"},{"key":"4165_CR22","first-page":"215","volume-title":"Holarctic birds of prey","author":"J Guzm\u00e1n","year":"1998","unstructured":"Guzm\u00e1n J, Jim\u00e9nez J (1998) Alimentaci\u00f3n del Buitre Negro (Aegypius monachus) durante los per\u00edodos reproductor y post-reproductor en el Parque Nacional de Caba\u00f1eros. In: Chancellor RD, Meyburg BU, Ferrero JJ (eds) Holarctic birds of prey. ADENEX & WWGBP, M\u00e9rida & Berlin, pp 215\u2013221"},{"key":"4165_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3859","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807880106","volume":"106","author":"V Hampl","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hampl V, Hug L, Leigh JW, Dacks JB, Lang BF, Simpson AG, Roger AJ (2009) Phylogenomic analyse support the monophyly of Excavata and resolve relationships among eukaryotic \u201csupergroups\u201d. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:3859\u20133864","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"4165_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870301500417","volume":"15","author":"DC Hayes","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hayes DC, Anderson RR, Walker RL (2003) Identification of trichomonadid protozoa from the bovine preputial cavity by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism typing. J Vet Diagn Invest 15:390\u2013394","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"4165_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1638\/2013-0085R.1","volume":"44","author":"WK Kelly-Clark","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kelly-Clark WK, McBurney S, Forz\u00e1n MJ, Desmarchelier M, Greenwood SJ (2013) Detection and characterization of a Trichomonas isolate from a rehabilitated bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). J Zoo Wildl Med 44:1123\u20131126","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"4165_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.04.004","volume":"34","author":"P Kleina","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kleina P, Bettim-Bandielli J, Bonatto SL, Benchimol M, Bogo MR (2004) Molecular phylogeny of Trichomonadidae family inferred from ITS-1, 5.8S rRNA and ITS-2 sequences. Int J Parasitol 34:963\u2013970","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"4165_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00155-6","volume":"29","author":"J Kulda","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kulda J (1999) Trichomonads, hydrogenosomes and drug resistance. Int J Parasitol 29:199\u2013212","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"4165_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.06.007","volume":"11","author":"B Lawson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lawson B, Cunningham AA, Chantrey J, Hughes LA, John SK, Bunbury N, Bell DJ, Tyler KM (2011) A clonal strain of Trichomonas gallinae is the aetiologic agent of an emerging avian epidemic disease. Infect Genet Evol 11:1638\u20131645","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4165_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20774","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020774","volume":"6","author":"SB Malik","year":"2011","unstructured":"Malik SB, Brochu CD, Bilic I, Yuan J, Hess M, Logsdon JM Jr, Carlton JM (2011) Phylogeny of parasitic Parabasalia and free-living relatives inferred from conventional markers vs. Rpb1, a single-copy gene. PLoS One 6(6):e20774","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4165_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1451-8","volume":"105","author":"H Melhorn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Melhorn H, Al-Quraishy S, Aziza A, Hess M (2009) Fine structure of the bird parasites Trichomonas gallinae and Tetratrichomonas gallinarum from cultures. Parasitol Res 105:751\u2013756","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"4165_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.07.036","volume":"183","author":"MM Mostegl","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mostegl MM, Richter B, Nedorost N, Maderner A, Dinhopl N, K\u00fcbber-Heiss A, Weissenb\u00f6ck H (2012) Identification of a putatively novel trichomonad species in the intestine of a common quail (Coturnix coturnix). Vet Parasitol 183:369\u2013372","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4165_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1299-3","volume":"104","author":"M Munsch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Munsch M, Mehlhorn H, Al-Quraishy S, Lotfi AR, Hafez HM (2009) Molecular biological features of strains of Histomonas meleagridis. Parasitol Res 104:1137\u20131140","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"4165_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.2307\/3226688","volume":"109","author":"TP Poirier","year":"1990","unstructured":"Poirier TP, Holt SC, Honigberg BM (1990) Fine structure of the mastigont system in Trichomonas tenax (Zoomastigophorea: Trichomonadida). Trans Am Microsc Soc 109:342\u2013351","journal-title":"Trans Am Microsc Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"4165_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12215","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012215","volume":"5","author":"RA Robinson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Robinson RA, Lawson B, Toms MP, Peck KM, Kirkwood JK, Chantrey J, Clatworthy IR, Evans AD, Hughes LA, Hutchinson OC, John SK, Pennycott TW, Perkins MW, Rowley PS, Simpson VR, Tyler KM, Cunningham AA (2010) Emerging infectious disease leads to rapid population declines of common British birds. PLoS One 5(8):e12215","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4165_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450902912135","volume":"38","author":"J Sansano-Maestre","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sansano-Maestre J, Garijo-Toledo MM, Gomez-Mu\u00f1oz MT (2009) Prevalence and genotyping of Trichomonas gallinae in pigeons and birds of prey. Avian Pathol 38:201\u2013207","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"4165_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3771-6","volume":"113","author":"SA Seddiek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seddiek SA, El-Shorbagy MM, Khater HF, Ali AM (2014) The antitrichomonal efficacy of garlic and metronidazole against Trichomonas gallinae infecting domestic pigeons. Parasitol Res 113:1319\u20131329","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"4165_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msj068","volume":"23","author":"AGB Simpson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Simpson AGB, Inagaki Y, Roger AJ (2006) Comprehensive multigene phylogenies of excavate protists reveal the evolutionary positions of \u201cprimitive\u201d eukaryotes. Mol Biol Evol 23:615\u2013625","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"4165_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197","volume":"30","author":"K Tamura","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S (2013) MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30:2725\u20132729","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"4165_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.09.009","volume":"118","author":"T Tasca","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tasca T, De Carli GA (2003) Scanning electron microscopy study of Trichomonas gallinae. Vet Parasitol 118:37\u201342","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4165_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870301500104","volume":"15","author":"RL Walker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Walker RL, Hayes DC, Sawyer RW, Nordhausen RW, Van Hoosear KA, BonDurant RH (2003) Comparison of the 5.8SrRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer regions of trichomonadid protozoa recovered from the bovine preputial cavity. J Vet Diagn Invest 15:14\u201320","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"}],"container-title":["Parasitology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-014-4165-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00436-014-4165-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-014-4165-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T08:03:27Z","timestamp":1717401807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00436-014-4165-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["4165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-014-4165-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0113","1432-1955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0113","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]]}}}