{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T09:34:48Z","timestamp":1789983288578,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,15]],"date-time":"2015-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429056000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4445-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,13]],"date-time":"2015-04-13T23:30:06Z","timestamp":1428967806000},"page":"2481-2490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Acanthamoeba misidentification and multiple labels: redefining genotypes T16, T19, and T20 and proposal for Acanthamoeba micheli sp. nov. (genotype T19)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Daniele","family":"Corsaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Walochnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"K\u00f6hsler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilise B.","family":"Rott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"4445_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-014-0266-7","volume":"59","author":"M Adamska","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adamska M, Leonska-Duniec A, Lanocha N, Skotarczak B (2014) Thermophilic potentially pathogenic amoebae isolated from natural water bodies in Poland and their molecular characterization. Acta Parasitol 59:433\u2013441","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"key":"4445_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2000000100003","volume":"33","author":"JMP Alves","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alves JMP, Gusm\u00e3o CX, Teixeira MM, Freitas D, Foronda AS, Affonso HT (2000) Random amplified polymorphic DNA profiles as a tool for the characterization of Brazilian keratitis isolates of the genus Acanthamoeba. Braz J Med Biol Res 33:19\u201326","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"4445_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.63.1.115-121.1997","volume":"63","author":"R Amann","year":"1997","unstructured":"Amann R, Springer R, Sch\u00f6nhuber W, Ludwig W, Schid EN, M\u00fcller KD, Michel R (1997) Obligate intracellular bacterial parasites of Acanthamoebae related to Chlamydia spp. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:115\u2013121","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"4445_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.5.1621-1625.2002","volume":"40","author":"GC Booton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Booton GC, Kelly DJ, Chu Y, Seal DV, Houang E, Lam DSC, Byers TJ, Fuerst PA (2002) 18S ribosomal DNA typing and tracking of Acanthamoeba species isolates from corneal scrape specimens, contact lenses, lens cases, and home water supplies of Acanthamoeba keratitis patients in Hong Kong. J Clin Microbiol 40:1621\u20131625","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4445_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1968.03150030035007","volume":"206","author":"JH Callicott Jr","year":"1968","unstructured":"Callicott JH Jr, Nelson EC, Jones MM, dos Santos JG, Utz JP, Duma RJ, Morrison JV Jr (1968) Meningoencephalitis due to pathogenic free-living amoebae: report of two cases. JAMA 206:579\u2013582","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4445_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-014-0532-9","volume":"68","author":"AM Carlesso","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carlesso AM, Mentz MB, da Machado ML, Carvalho A, Nunes TE, Maschio VJ, Rott MB (2014) Characterization of isolates of Acanthamoeba from the nasal mucosa and cutaneous lesions of dogs. Curr Microbiol 68:702\u2013707","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"4445_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2009.08.001","volume":"160","author":"D Corsaro","year":"2009","unstructured":"Corsaro D, Venditti D (2009) Detection of Chlamydiae from freshwater environments by PCR, amoeba coculture and mixed coculture. Res Microbiol 160:547\u2013552","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"4445_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-1870-6","volume":"107","author":"D Corsaro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Corsaro D, Venditti D (2010) Phylogenetic evidence for a new genotype of Acanthamoeba (Amoebozoa, Acanthamoebida). Parasitol Res 107:233\u2013238","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"4445_CR9","first-page":"51","volume":"50","author":"D Corsaro","year":"2011","unstructured":"Corsaro D, Venditti D (2011) More Acanthamoeba genotypes: limits to use rDNA fragments to describe new genotype. Acta Protozool 50:51\u201356","journal-title":"Acta Protozool"},{"key":"4445_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.12.016","volume":"133","author":"D Corsaro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Corsaro D, M\u00fcller KD, Michel R (2013) Molecular characterization and ultrastructure of a new amoeba endoparasite belonging to the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex. Exp Parasitol 133:383\u2013390","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"4445_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.2307\/3285675","volume":"85","author":"I Dykova","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dykova I, Lomm J, Schroeder-Diedrich JM, Booton GC, Byers TJ (1999) Acanthamoeba strains isolated from organs of freshwater fishes. J Parasitol 85:1106\u20131113","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"4445_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.31.5.1122-1126.1993","volume":"31","author":"TR Fritsche","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fritsche TR, Gautom RK, Seyerdirshti S, Bergeron DL, Lindquist TD (1993) Occurrence of bacterial endosymbionts in Acanthamoeba spp. isolated from corneal and environmental specimens and contact lenses. J Clin Microbiol 31:1122\u20131126","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4445_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12186","volume":"62","author":"PA Fuerst","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fuerst PA, Booton GC, Crary M (2015) Phylogenetic analysis and the evolution of the 18S rRNA gene typing system of Acanthamoeba. J Eukaryot Microbiol 62:69\u201384","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"key":"4445_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00199.x","volume":"48","author":"RJ Gast","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gast RJ (2001) Development of an Acanthamoeba-specific reverse dot-blot and the discovery of a new ribotype. J Eukaryot Microbiol 48:609\u2013615","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"key":"4445_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1996.tb04510.x","volume":"43","author":"RJ Gast","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gast RJ, Ledee DR, Fuerst PA, Byers TJ (1996) Subgenus systematics of Acanthamoeba: four nuclear 18S rDNA sequence types. J Eukaryot Microbiol 43:498\u2013504","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"key":"4445_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3976-8","volume":"113","author":"S Geisen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Geisen S, Fiore-Donno AM, Walochnik J, Bonkowski M (2014) Acanthamoeba everywhere: high diversity of Acanthamoeba in soils. Parasitol Res 113:3151\u20133158","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"4445_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3918-5","volume":"113","author":"AL Gr\u00fcn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcn AL, Stemplewitz B, Scheid P (2014) First report of an Acanthamoeba genotype T13 isolate as etiological agent of a keratitis in humans. Parasitol Res 113:2395\u20132400","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"4445_CR18","first-page":"325","volume":"42","author":"MK Hewett","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hewett MK, Robinson BS, Monis PT, Saint CP (2003) Identification of a new Acanthamoeba 18S rRNA gene sequence type, corresponding to the species Acanthamoeba jacobsi Sawyer, Nerad and Visvesvara, 1992 (Lobosea: Acanthamoebidae). Acta Protozool 42:325\u2013329","journal-title":"Acta Protozool"},{"key":"4445_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-2920.1999.00045.x","volume":"1","author":"M Horn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Horn M, Fritsche TR, Gautom RK, Schleifer KH, Wagner M (1999) Novel bacterial endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba spp. related to the Paramecium caudatum symbiont Caedibacter caryophilus. Environ Microbiol 1:357\u2013367","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"4445_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-4-18","volume":"4","author":"G Jobb","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jobb G, von Haeseler A, Strimmer K (2004) TREEFINDER: a powerful graphical analysis environment for molecular phylogenetics. BMC Evol Biol 4:18","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"key":"4445_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.238.11.1476","volume":"238","author":"M Kent","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kent M, Platt SR, Rech RR, Eagleson JS, Howerth EW, Shoff M, Fuerst PA, Booton G, Visvesvara GS, Schatzberg SJ (2011) Multisystemic infection with an Acanthamoeba sp in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 238:1476\u20131481","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"4445_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2013.03.028","volume":"134","author":"MF Landell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Landell MF, Salton J, Caumo K, Broetto L, Rott MB (2013) Isolation and genotyping of free-living environmental isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. from bromeliads in Southern Brazil. Exp Parasitol 134:290\u2013294","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"4445_CR23","first-page":"271","volume":"48","author":"N \u0141anocha","year":"2009","unstructured":"\u0141anocha N, Kosik-Bogacka D, Maciejewska A, Sawczuk M, Wilk A, Ku\u017ana-Grygiel W (2009) The occurrence Acanthamoeba (free living amoeba) in environmental and respiratory samples in Poland. Acta Protozool 48:271\u2013279","journal-title":"Acta Protozool"},{"key":"4445_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2845","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3945-2","volume":"113","author":"A Magnet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Magnet A, Henriques-Gil N, Galv\u00e1n-Diaz AL, Izquiedo F, Fenoy S, Del Aguila C (2014) Novel Acanthamoeba 18S rRNA gene sequence type from an environmental isolate. Parasitol Res 113:2845\u20132850","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"4445_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.2.273-307.2003","volume":"16","author":"F Marciano-Cabral","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marciano-Cabral F, Cabral G (2003) Acanthamoeba spp. as agents of disease in humans. Clin Microbiol Rev 16:273\u2013307","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"4445_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.30.6.567","volume":"30","author":"AJ Martinez","year":"1980","unstructured":"Martinez AJ (1980) Is Acanthamoeba encephalitis an opportunistic infection? Neurology 30:567\u2013574","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4445_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-186","volume":"10","author":"PN Mortazavi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mortazavi PN, Goldsworthy G, Kirk R, Khan NA (2010) Acanthamoeba produces disseminated infection in locusts and traverses the locust blood\u2013brain barrier to invade the central nervous system. BMC Microbiol 10:186","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"4445_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4636","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01090-10","volume":"48","author":"W Nuprasert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nuprasert W, Putaporntip C, Pariyakanok L, Jongwutiwes S (2010) Identification of a novel T17 genotype of Acanthamoeba from environmental isolates and T10 genotype causing keratitis in Thailand. J Clin Microbiol 48:4636\u20134640","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4445_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-3050-3","volume":"111","author":"DA Otta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Otta DA, Rott MB, Carlesso AM, da Silva OS (2012) Prevalence of Acanthamoeba spp. (Sarcomastigophora: Acanthamoebidae) in wild populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 111:2017\u20132022","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"4445_CR30","first-page":"92","volume-title":"A new key to freshwater and soil Gymnamoebae","author":"FC Page","year":"1988","unstructured":"Page FC (1988) A new key to freshwater and soil Gymnamoebae. Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, pp 92\u201397"},{"key":"4445_CR31","first-page":"557","volume":"8","author":"M Pussard","year":"1977","unstructured":"Pussard M, Pons R (1977) Morphologie de la paroi kystique et taxonomie du genre Acanthamoeba (Protozoa, Amoebida). Protistologica 8:557\u2013598","journal-title":"Protistologica"},{"key":"4445_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12069","volume":"60","author":"Y Qvarnstrom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Qvarnstrom Y, Nerad TA, Visvesvara GS (2013) Characterization of a new pathogenic Acanthamoeba species, A. byersi n. sp., isolated from a human with fatal amoebic encephalitis. J Eukaryot Microbiol 60:626\u2013633","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"key":"4445_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-013-3572-3","volume":"112","author":"A Risler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Risler A, Coupat-Goutaland B, P\u00e9landakis M (2013) Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of Acanthamoeba isolates associated with keratitis. Parasitol Res 112:3807\u20133816","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"4445_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1531-9","volume":"105","author":"WL Rivera","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rivera WL, Adao DE (2009) 18S ribosomal DNA genotypes of Acanthamoeba species isolated from contact lens cases in the Philippines. Parasitol Res 105:1119\u20131124","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"4445_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-1843-9","volume":"107","author":"M Rott","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rott M, Caumo K, Sauter I, Eckert J, da Rosa L, da Silva O (2010) Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) to Acanthamoeba polyphaga (Sarcomastigophora: Acanthamoebidae). Parasitol Res 107:195\u2013198","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"4445_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.5.1903-1911.2001","volume":"39","author":"JM Schroeder","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schroeder JM, Booton GC, Hay J, Niszl IA, Seal DV, Markus MB, Fuerst PA, Byers TJ (2001) Use of subgenic 18S ribosomal DNA PCR and sequencing for genus and genotype identification of Acanthamoebae from humans with keratitis and from sewage sludge. J Clin Microbiol 39:1903\u20131911","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4445_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1998.tb05068.x","volume":"45","author":"DR Stothard","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stothard DR, Schroeder-Diedrich JM, Awwad MH, Gast RJ, Ledee DR, Rodriguez-Zaragoza S, Dean CL, Fuerst PA, Byers TJ (1998) The evolutionary history of the genus Acanthamoeba and the identification of eight new 18S rRNA gene sequence types. J Eukaryot Microbiol 45:45\u201354","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"key":"4445_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121","volume":"28","author":"K Tamura","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S (2011) MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28:2731\u20132739","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"4445_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-013-3465-5","volume":"112","author":"T Tanveer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tanveer T, Hameed A, Muazzam AG, Jung S-Y, Gul A, Matin A (2013) Isolation and molecular characterization of potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba genotypes from diverse water resources including household drinking water from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Parasitol Res 112:2925\u20132932","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"4445_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.08.010","volume":"143","author":"GS Visvesvara","year":"2007","unstructured":"Visvesvara GS, Booton GC, Kelley DJ, Fuerst P, Sriram R, Finkelstein A, Garner MM (2007) In vitro culture, serologic and molecular analysis of Acanthamoeba isolated from the liver of a keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus). Vet Parasitol 143:74\u201378","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4445_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050602","volume":"85","author":"J Walochnik","year":"1999","unstructured":"Walochnik J, Hassl A, Simon K, Benyr G, Asp\u00f6k H (1999) Isolation and identification by partial sequencing of the 18S ribosomal gene of free-living amoebae from necrotic tissue of Basiliscus plumifrons (Sauria: Iguanidae). Parasitol Res 85:601\u2013603","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"4445_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2004.tb00391.x","volume":"51","author":"J Walochnik","year":"2004","unstructured":"Walochnik J, Michel R, Asp\u00f6ck H (2004) A molecular biological approach to the phylogenetic position of the genus Hyperamoeba. J Eukaryot Microbiol 51:433\u2013440","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Parasitology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-015-4445-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00436-015-4445-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-015-4445-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T20:54:58Z","timestamp":1598907298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00436-015-4445-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,15]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["4445"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-015-4445-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0113","1432-1955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0113","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,15]]}}}