{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T19:03:35Z","timestamp":1785179015850,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-019-06469-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T16:04:02Z","timestamp":1573142642000},"page":"3565-3570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Prevalence of double-stranded RNA virus in Trichomonas vaginalis isolated in Italy and association with the symbiont Mycoplasma hominis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Valentina","family":"Margarita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Marongiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicia","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Dess\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6190-612X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pier Luigi","family":"Fiori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Rappelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"6469_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11391.x","volume":"215","author":"M Benchimol","year":"2002","unstructured":"Benchimol M, Chang TH, Alderete J (2002) Trichomonas vaginalis: observation of coexistence of multiple viruses in the same isolate. FEMS Microb Lett 215:197\u2013201","journal-title":"FEMS Microb Lett"},{"key":"6469_CR2","first-page":"12","volume":"24","author":"MP Camporiondo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Camporiondo MP, Farchi F, Ciccozzi M, Denaro A, Gallone D, Maracchioni F, Favalli C, Ciotti M (2016) Detection of HPV and co-infecting pathogens in healthy Italian women by multiplex real-time PCR. Infez Med 24:12\u201317","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"6469_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.07.005","volume":"34","author":"BD da Luz","year":"2015","unstructured":"da Luz BD, dos Santos O, Frasson AP, de Vargas RG, Macedo AJ, Tasca T (2015) High rates of double-stranded RNA viruses and Mycoplasma hominis in Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates in South Brazil. Infect Genet Evol 34:181\u2013187. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.07.005","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"6469_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.2.1180-1186.2005","volume":"73","author":"D Dess\u00ec","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dess\u00ec D, Delogu G, Emonte E, Catania MR, Fiori PL, Rappelli P (2005) Long-term survival and intracellular replication of Mycoplasma hominis in Trichomonas vaginalis cells: potential role of the protozoon in transmitting bacterial infection. Infect Immun 73:1180\u20131186. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.73.2.1180-1186.2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"9","key":"6469_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182018002135","volume":"146","author":"Daniele Dess\u00ec","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dess\u00ec D, Margarita V, Cocco AR, Marongiu A, Fiori PL, Rappelli P (2019) Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis: new tales of two old friends. Parasitology:1\u20136. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182018002135","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"6469_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.12.022","volume":"67","author":"N Diaz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Diaz N, Dess\u00ec D, Dessole S, Fiori PL, Rappelli P (2010) Rapid detection of coinfections by Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum by a new multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 67:30\u201336","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"6469_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048418","volume":"7","author":"RN Fichorova","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fichorova RN, Lee Y, Yamamoto HS, Takagi Y, Hayes GR, Goodman RP, Chepa-Lotrea X, Buck OR, Murray R, Kula T, Beach DH, Singh BN, Nibert ML (2012) Endobiont viruses sensed by the human host - beyond conventional antiparasitic therapy. PLoS One 7:e48418. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0048418","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"6469_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2017.03.005","volume":"168","author":"RN Fichorova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fichorova RN, Fraga J, Rappelli P, Fiori PL (2017) Trichomonas vaginalis infection in symbiosis with Trichomonasvirus and Mycoplasma. Res Microbiol 168:882\u2013891. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resmic.2017.03.005","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"6469_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.10.020","volume":"12","author":"J Fraga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fraga J, Rojas L, Sariego I, Fernandez-Calienes A (2012) Genetic characterization of three Cuban Trichomonas vaginalis virus. Phylogeny of Totiviridae family. Infect Genet Evol 12:113\u2013120. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.10.020","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"9","key":"6469_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4258","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00220-11","volume":"85","author":"R. P. Goodman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goodman RP, Freret TS, Kula T, Geller AM, Talkington MW, Tang-Fernandez V, Suciu O, Demidenko AA, Ghabrial SA, Beach DH, Singh BN, Fichorova RN, Nibert ML (2011) Clinical isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis concurrently infected by strains of up to four Trichomonasvirus species (Family Totiviridae). J Virol 85:4258\u20134270. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.00220-11","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"issue":"5","key":"6469_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462418809767","volume":"30","author":"KJ Graves","year":"2019","unstructured":"Graves KJ, Ghosh AP, Kissinger PJ, Muzny CA (2019a) Trichomonas vaginalis virus: a review of the literature. Int J STD AIDS. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956462418809767","journal-title":"International Journal of STD & AIDS"},{"key":"6469_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Graves KJ, Ghosh AP, Schmidt N, Augostini P, Secor WE, Schwebke JR et al (2019b) Trichomonas vaginalis virus (TVV) among women with trichomoniasis and associations with demographics, clinical outcomes, and metronidazole resistance. Clin Infect Dis. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciz146","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz146"},{"key":"6469_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-1-11","volume":"1","author":"V Hampl","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hampl V, Vanacova S, Kulsa J, Flegr J (2001) Concordance between genetic relatedness and phenotypic similarities of Trichomonas vaginalis strains. BMC Evol Biol 1:1\u201310. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2148-1-11","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"key":"6469_CR14","unstructured":"Hobbs M, Sena A, Swygard H, Schwebke J (2008) Trichomonas vaginalis and Trichomoniasis. In: Holmes KK, Sparling PF, Stamm W et al (eds) Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 4th edn, New York, pp 771\u2013793"},{"key":"6469_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9709","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00600-09","volume":"83","author":"JL Hyde","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hyde JL, Sosnovtsev SV, Green KY, Wobus C, Virgin HW et al (2009) Mouse norovirus replication is associated with virus-induced vesicle clusters originating from membranes derived from the secretory pathway. J Virol 83:9709\u20139719","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"6469_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2017.09.007","volume":"250","author":"I Jehee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jehee I, van der Veer C, Himschoot M, Hermans M, Bruisten S (2017) Direct detection of Trichomonas vaginalis virus in Trichomonas vaginalis positive clinical samples from the Netherlands. J Virol Methods 250:1\u20135. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jviromet.2017.09.007","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"6469_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.04.032","volume":"109","author":"K Khanaliha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khanaliha K, Masoumi-Asl H, Bokharaei-Salim F, Tabatabaei A, Naghdalipoor M (2017) Double-stranded RNA viral infection of Trichomonas vaginalis (TVV1) in Iranian isolates. Microb Pathog 109:56\u201360. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.04.032","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"6469_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.10.016","volume":"53","author":"E K\u00fcng","year":"2019","unstructured":"K\u00fcng E, F\u00fcrnkranz U, Walochnik J (2019) Chemotherapeutic options for the treatment of human trichomoniasis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 53:116\u2013127","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"6469_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(94)90023-X","volume":"47","author":"N Lukacs","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lukacs N (1994) Detection of virus infection in plants and differentiation between coexisting viruses by monoclonal antibodies to double-stranded RNA. J Virol Methods 47:255\u2013272","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"6469_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00953","volume":"20","author":"V Margarita","year":"2016","unstructured":"Margarita V, Rappelli P, Dess\u00ec D, Pintus G, Hirt RP, Fiori PL (2016) Symbiotic Association with Mycoplasma hominis can influence growth rate, ATP production, cytolysis and inflammatory response of Trichomonas vaginalis. Front Microbiol 20:953. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00953","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"6469_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2496-7","volume":"10","author":"SC Masha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Masha SC, Cools P, Crucitti T, Sanders EJ, Vaneechoutte M (2017) Molecular typing of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates by actin gene sequence analysis and carriage of T. vaginalis viruses. Parasit Vectors 10:537. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2496-7","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"6469_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)61372-4","volume":"352","author":"P Rappelli","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rappelli P, Addis MF, Carta F, Fiori PL (1998) Mycoplasma hominis parasitism of Trichomonas vaginalis. Lancet 352:1286","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6469_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2015.07.016","volume":"50","author":"WL Rivera","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rivera WL, Justo CAC, Relucio-San Diego M, Loyola LM (2017) Detection and molecular characterization of double-stranded RNA viruses in Philippine Trichomonas vaginalis isolates. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 50:669\u2013676. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmii.2015.07.016","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"6469_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3004","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.8.3004-3009.2000","volume":"38","author":"LJ Snipes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Snipes LJ, Gamard PM, Narcisi EM, Beard CB, Lehmann T, Secor WE (2000) Molecular Epidemiology of metronidazole resistance in a population of Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol 38:3004\u20133009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"6469_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5037181","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5037181","volume":"2","author":"T Thi Trung Thu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thi Trung Thu T, Margarita V, Cocco AR et al (2018) Trichomonas vaginalis transports virulent Mycoplasma hominis and transmits the infection to human cells after metronidazole treatment: a potential role in bacterial invasion of fetal membranes and amniotic fluid. J Pregnancy 2:5037181. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/5037181","journal-title":"J Pregnancy"},{"key":"6469_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8179","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1321884111","volume":"111","author":"O Twu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Twu O, Dess\u00ec D, Vu A, Mercer F, Stevens GC, de Miguel N et al (2014) Trichomonas vaginalis homolog of macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces prostate cell growth, invasiveness, and inflammatory responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:8179\u20138184. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1321884111","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"6469_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1086\/341832","volume":"186","author":"KA Wendel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wendel KA, Rompalo AM, Erbelding EJ, Chang T-H, Alderete JF (2002) Double-stranded RNA viral infection of Trichomonas vaginalis Infecting Patients Attending a Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic. J Infect Dis 186:558\u2013561","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"6469_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2006","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002006","volume":"7","author":"Haroun Zangger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zangger H, Ronet C, Desponds C et al (2013) Detection of Leishmania RNA virus in Leishmania parasites. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7:e2006. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002006","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"}],"container-title":["Parasitology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-019-06469-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00436-019-06469-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00436-019-06469-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T00:15:49Z","timestamp":1604621749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00436-019-06469-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6469"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-019-06469-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0113","1432-1955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0113","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 July 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 November 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}