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We investigated the effect of Amur Falcons\u2019 sex, age and body size on the abundance of their lice at a migratory stopover site, where the falcons\u2019 habitat use and behaviour are more homogeneous across sex and age categories than during the breeding season. We sampled Amur Falcons in Nagaland, India at major roosting sites in 2016. We applied generalized linear models (with negative binomial distribution and log-link) to model the abundance of their two most numerous lice (<jats:italic>Colpocephalum subzerafae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Degeeriella rufa<\/jats:italic>) using the host age category (juvenile or adult) and wing length, both in interaction with sex, as explanatory variables. The abundance of <jats:italic>C. subzerafae<\/jats:italic> was only affected by host age, being nearly four times higher on juveniles than on adults. Juveniles were also more infested with <jats:italic>D. rufa<\/jats:italic> than the adults. Additionally, the abundance of the latter species was lower on adult male Falcons as compared to adult females. A juvenile bias in ectoparasite infestations is common in nature, probably due to juveniles being immunologically na\u00efve, more resource-limited and may be inexperienced in body maintenance behaviours like preening and grooming. On the other hand, female-biassed infestations are much rarer than male-biassed infestations. We briefly discuss the possible causes of female-biassed infestations on Amur Falcons reported here, and in the closely related Red-footed Falcon and Lesser Kestrel as reported in the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-06753-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T06:03:21Z","timestamp":1592460201000},"page":"2579-2585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sex interacts with age-dependent change in the abundance of lice-infesting Amur Falcons (Falco amurensis)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Imre S\u00e1ndor","family":"Piross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manju","family":"Siliwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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His current workplace (Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary) provided time and resources to finish his work on this study and the manuscript.Multiple affiliations of N\u00f3ra Magonyi: N\u00f3ra Magonyi is a student of the Doctoral School of Biology and Sportbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of P\u00e9cs, P\u00e9cs, Hungary, and conducts her work in collaboration with the Conservation Genetics Research Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary. Both institutions provided resources for her work in this study.The authors declare that they have no other conflict of interest.The permit for undertaking the study including capture of Amur Falcons at the three roost sites (permit no. CWL\/GEN\/96 (Vol-II)\/1177-85 dated 26.09.2016) was granted by the Nagaland State Forest Department, India.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All applicable international, national and\/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}